Technical Bulletin No. 1083 March 1954 /' Classification of Wheat Varieties Grown in the United States in 1949 By B. B. BAYLES Principal Agronomist and J. ALLEN CLARK Senior Agronomist Field Crops Research Bran~h United States Department of Agriculture, Washingtc'll, D. C. For gale by the Superintendent of Documents, WaehinMlon 25, D. C. • Price 70 cent. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 105 awnlets several, 5 to 25 mm. long; kernels Rosslyn, Va., by the Division of Cereal red, midlong, soft, elliptical; germ mid­ Crops and Diseases. Selection was sized; crease midwide, middeep; cheeks continued at Beltsville, Md. Selection angular; brush midsized, midlong. (See Y2652, later named Anderson, was fig. 61, B.) entered in the Uniform._...Southern Wheat Thorne is resistant to the· races ·of Nursery in 1947. It showed promi::;c loose smut commonly found in Ohio. and was distributed in South Caroliua, It hal;'! very stiff straw and is resistant to in the fall of 1951. It was distributed mosaic. It is a high-yielding variety in North Carolina in the fall of 1952. of good soft-wheat quality, although it is somewhat low in weight per bushel. RED CHIEF History.- Thorne (C. 1. 11856) (reg. 323) was bred from a cross between Description.- Plant winter habit, Portage and Fulcaster made at the Ohio early, midtall; stem white, midstrong; Agricultural Experiment Station at Co­ spike awnleted, fusiform, dense, erect; lumbus, in 1917. The bulk material glumes glabrous, brown and black, was taken to the experiment station at short, mid wide; shoulders narrow, Wooster, Ohio, where the selection that rounded; beaks midwide, obtuse, 0.5 resulted in Thorne was made in 1922. mm. long; awnlets several, 3 to 15 mm. It was carried as T. N. 1006 until 1936, long; kernels red, midlong, hard, broadly when it was reselected and increased elliptical; germ midsized; crease midwide, under the name "Thorne." Seed was shallow; cheeks rounded; brush midsized, distributed to a select group of farmers midlong. (See fig. 63, A.) for increase in the fall of 1937 (1 118) . Red Chief is somewhat similar to Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, Chiefkan but has brown pigment along 3,447,661 acres (fig. 62). It is the lead­ with black in the glumes and has stronger ing soft":wheat variety. straw. The grain i also darker in color Synonym.-T. N. 1006. than Chiefkan and somewhat higher in test weight. It is poor in bread-baking SENECA quality. Description.-Seneca is very similar History.-Red Chief (C. 1. 12109) re­ to Thorne. It has a higher test weight, sulted from a vigorous awnless plant a slightly higher yield, and a slightly selected from a field of Blackhull wheat stiffer straw. by Earl G. Clark, a farmer wheat breeder History.-Seneca (C. 1. 12529) (Ohio T. N. 1016-4) was developed at the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station. It is a sister selection of Thorne. After thorough testing it was increased on a few acres in 1949, and several thousand bushels were distributed from the 19S0 harvest. ANDERSON Description.- Plant intermediate habit, midseason, midtall to tall; stem white, midstrong to strong; spike awnleted, oblong, lax, inclined; glumes glabrous, brown, long, midwide; shoulders narrow, rounded; beaks midwide, obtuse, 0.5 mill. long; kernels red, midlong to long, soft, elliptical; germ midsized; crease midwide, mid deep ; cheeks angular; brush l1lidsized, midlong. Anderson is resistant to leaf rust, but it is susceptible to stem rust and moderately susceptible to mosaic. It averages less than the Atlas strains in protein content but is somewhat higher than many other varieties grown in the South. Its quality is satisfactory for the medium-strength soft wheat flour. History.-Anderson (C. 1. 12536) was FIGURE 64.-DistrihULion of Red Chief developed from a cross between Leapland whea'lin 1949. ESLimated area, 1,160,893 and Fronteira made at Arlington Farm, t acres. 106 'l'ECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE of .._ edp;, 'jck, Kans. It was increased and uper, or Super wheat, wa distributed di'tributcd by him in 1940 (101). by Luther Burbank, of Santa Rosa, . Dislrilllltion.-Estimatcd area in 1949, Calif., in the fall of 1917. Apparently 1,160,8!J3 acres (fig. 64). most of his stock was purchased and Synolllltns.-DeLuxe Reel. Chief, Super­ resold by the tate Seed & Nursery Co., reel, Super Red C hief. of Helena, JYlont. The writers have found Super ,,,heat to be identical with Jones TRIPLET Fife in all taxonomic characters, as well as in yield and in milling and baking De.s('l"!:pUon.-Plant winter habit, mid­ quality. f;CHSOIl, midtall; stem white, midstrong; Distribution.- Estimated area in 1949, spikp- awnleted, oblong to fusiform, mid­ 20,064 acres, grown in Idaho, IlLinoi, dCIl. c, inclined; g]umeR pubescent, white, Kentucky, Oregon, Tennessee, and ,\Va h­ midJong, midwide; shoulders midwidl3, ington. obliqne to !-iquarej beak wide, obtus , SynonY1ns.- Burbank's Super, Crail 0 . .) to 1 mm. Long; awnlets severa], 3 to Fife, FiCe, Fishhead, J OIles vVinter Fire, 12 II Ill!. long, sometimes incurved Silver King, Sllper, Velvet Chaff, "Winter th ronghout spike; kernels red, short to Fife. mid Long, semihard, oval ; germ mall; crenSt: narrow to midwide, shallow; REWARD c}wl'ks rounded; brush small, midLong. ( ..'ee fig. (33, B.) Descr7'ption.- Plant spring habit, early, Triplet differs from Jones Fife i11 being short to midtaU; stem white, midstrong slight.ly J"horter and earlier and in having but easi1y crinkled at the nodes; spikes It hardt'r kernel with a smaller germ arid awnletcd, fu iform, midden e, erect to roullded rather than angular cheeks. inclined; glurnes pubescent, white, some­ lIis(o/"?/.-Triplet (C. 1. 540S) (reg. 108) times black-striped, short, midwidc; was originated at the ,¥'ashington Agri­ should rs mid,yide, oblique to elevated; cultural Experiment tation, Pullman. beaks wide, acute, triangular, 0.5 to 1 ] t ' ppdi Tree is as follows: lum. long; awnlets several, sometimes black, 5 to 15 mrn. long; kernels red, (.JOIICS Fife X LiLUe Club) X (Jones short to midlong, hard, ovate; germ mid­ Fife X Turkey) sized; crease midwide, middeep; cheeks I t. was first grown as a pure strain in rounding to angular; brush midsized, l!) I 0 ttnu was distributed for commercial short. (See fig. 65, A.) growing in 1918. Reward is very early and has a high JJisirilmtion.-Estimated area in 1949, test weight and good quality for bread­ 44,248 acres, grown in Washington, making. I dnho, and 1\10utana. IIistory.-Rewal'd (C. 1. 8] 82) (reg. 2(31) was developed from a cross between JONES FIFE Marquis and Prelude made in HH2 at the C ntral Experimental Farm, Ottawa, /)cscrlplion.-Plant winter habit, mid­ Canada. It wa distributed for com­ spa on, midtall; s tem white, midstrong; mercial growing in Canada ill 1 U2S. pike awnletcd, oblong to fu iform, mid­ R ward was firs t intl"oduced into the dCIl" , nodding; glumes pubescent, white, nited States from Canada by com­ lIlidlong, midwide to wide j shoulders mid­ mercial grower.:; in 1928 (150). wide, oblique to square; beak wide, Distriblltion.- E timated area in 1949, ohtuse, 0.5 to 1 Illm. long; awnlets few to 98,271 acres grown in seven SLates, the so\'eral, lower ones often incurved, 3 to 8 largest acreages being in .l\fon tana, IIlIll. long; kernels red, short to midlong, Colorado, and outh Dakota. ~ ()fi, ovate, humped; germ midsizcd; crl'a::-e Illidwide to wide, middecp to deep; chc('k:; angular; brush midsized, midlong. CALGALOS llislory.-Jolles Fife ( . 1. 446 ) (reg. Description.- Plant s p r in g h a bit, 110) was originated by A. Jones, of although remaining pro trate during its Tc\\"ark, ,\\rayne County, . Y., in 1889. 11 ar]y growth, III iclseason, midtall ; leaves ccoI"Ciing to Carleton (37, p. 221), it pubescent, glaucous; stem white, slender, " de 'cendl'd from Fultz, MediI, rranean, weak; spike awn]eted, fus iform, lax, anel Hn:;::,.;ian Velvet." inclined; glumes pubescent, light bro"'n, Crail Fife is a local name applied to long, midwide; shoulders midwide, oblique .Jol1e Fife wheat in :-'fontaua, Frank to square; beaks wide, acute, 1 to 2 mm. Cutil, of Bozeman, 1\[ont., being the long; awnlets many, 3 to 30 mm. long; farmer who grew and distributed the kernels whiLe, midlong, soft, ovate to variety under that name. Burbank's elliptical, slightly humped, ventral side II l'rinted stationery of A. N. Jones. rounded; germ small; crease narrow, CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 107 A B FIGURE 65.-A, Reward and B, Sonora wheats: Spikes and Iurnes. Y 1; keole)s. X 3. 10 'l'I<:CH... TICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE shlJ,lIow; cheeks usually rounded; brush The variety is similar to Onas except rnid:;ized, midlong. in being awned and in having a higl1er . Hist(lry. - Oa/galo::; (C. I. 23(8) (reg. test weight. 113) (P. 1. 9872) was introduced in 1£)03 History.- AwJled Onas (C. 1. 12235) by 1he enited States Department of was derived from Ba80rt X Onas back­ gri('ultllr(' (::J11) from th Erivan Gov­ cros cd 8 and 9 times to Ona::; to transfer ernment in Transcaucasian Russia. Seed the awns of Baart to Onas. The material of Cal galas was increased by E. :;,\1. was grown at Tuc on, Ariz., and Aberdeen, smith of Hay Creek, reg., from a Idaho, during the making of the first 6 ample ent him from the nited States back crosses. The additional back crosses DppartlllPnt of Agriculture in 1904. were made at Davis, Calif., beginning in Di,,<lri/JIIlion.-Estimated area in ] 949, 1938, and the final compo ite of 24 F3 0,377 a('res, grown in Oregon, California, lines was made at that station.