The Intervention in Afghanistan · and the Fall of Detente
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REPORT 2D Session HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES 104–582 "!
104TH CONGRESS REPORT 2d Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 104±582 "! PROVIDING FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF H.R. 3144, THE DEFEND AMERICA ACT OF 1996 MAY 16, 1996.ÐReferred to the House Calendar and ordered to be printed Mr. DIAZ-BALART, from the Committee on Rules, submitted the following REPORT [To accompany H. Res. 438] The Committee on Rules, having had under consideration House Resolution 438, by a nonrecord vote, report the same to the House with the recommendation that the resolution be adopted. BRIEF SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS OF RESOLUTION The rule provides for consideration in the House with two hours of debate divided equally between the chairman and ranking mi- nority member of the Committee on National Security. The rule waives all points or order against the bill and against its consider- ation. The rule also makes in order without intervention of any point of order one minority amendment in the nature of a substitute to be offered by Mr. Spratt or his designee and which is printed in this report. The rule provides that the substitute shall be debatable separately for one hour divided equally between the proponent and an opponent. Finally, the rule provides for one motion to recommit with or without instructions. THE AMENDMENT TO BE OFFERED BY REPRESENTATIVE SPRATT OF SOUTH CAROLINA, OR A DESIGNEE, DEBATABLE FOR 1 HOUR Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the following: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Ballistic Missile Defense Act of 1996''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress makes the following findings: 29±008 2 (1) Short-range theater ballistic missiles threaten United States Armed Forces wherever engaged abroad. -
Supreme Soviet Investigation of the 1991 Coup the Suppressed Transcripts
Supreme Soviet Investigation of the 1991 Coup The Suppressed Transcripts: Part 3 Hearings "About the Illegal Financia) Activity of the CPSU" Editor 's Introduction At the birth of the independent Russian Federation, the country's most pro-Western reformers looked to the West to help fund economic reforms and social safety nets for those most vulnerable to the change. However, unlike the nomenklatura and party bureaucrats who remained positioned to administer huge aid infusions, these reformers were skeptical about multibillion-dollar Western loans and credits. Instead, they wanted the West to help them with a different source of money: the gold, platinum, diamonds, and billions of dollars in hard currency the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and KGB intelligence service laundered abroad in the last years of perestroika. Paradoxically, Western governments generously supplied the loans and credits, but did next to nothing to support the small band of reformers who sought the return of fortunes-estimated in the tens of billions of dollars- stolen by the Soviet leadership. Meanwhile, as some in the West have chronicled, the nomenklatura and other functionaries who remained in positions of power used the massive infusion of Western aid to enrich themselves-and impoverish the nation-further. In late 1995, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development concluded that Russian officials had stolen $45 billion in Western aid and deposited the money abroad. Radical reformers in the Russian Federation Supreme Soviet, the parliament that served until its building was destroyed on President Boris Yeltsin's orders in October 1993, were aware of this mass theft from the beginning and conducted their own investigation as part of the only public probe into the causes and circumstances of the 1991 coup attempt against Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. -
Kazakhstan Missile Chronology
Kazakhstan Missile Chronology Last update: May 2010 As of May 2010, this chronology is no longer being updated. For current developments, please see the Kazakhstan Missile Overview. This annotated chronology is based on the data sources that follow each entry. Public sources often provide conflicting information on classified military programs. In some cases we are unable to resolve these discrepancies, in others we have deliberately refrained from doing so to highlight the potential influence of false or misleading information as it appeared over time. In many cases, we are unable to independently verify claims. Hence in reviewing this chronology, readers should take into account the credibility of the sources employed here. Inclusion in this chronology does not necessarily indicate that a particular development is of direct or indirect proliferation significance. Some entries provide international or domestic context for technological development and national policymaking. Moreover, some entries may refer to developments with positive consequences for nonproliferation. 2009-1947 March 2009 On 4 March 2009, Kazakhstan signed a contract to purchase S-300 air defense missile systems from Russia. According to Ministry of Defense officials, Kazakhstan plans to purchase 10 batteries of S-300PS by 2011. Kazakhstan's Air Defense Commander Aleksandr Sorokin mentioned, however, that the 10 batteries would still not be enough to shield all the most vital" facilities designated earlier by a presidential decree. The export version of S- 300PS (NATO designation SA-10C Grumble) has a maximum range of 75 km and can hit targets moving at up to 1200 m/s at a minimum altitude of 25 meters. -
Literaturverzeichnis
Literaturverzeichnis Die Literaturliste folgt der deutschen Alphabetisierung, d.h.: aa und a, werden an den Beginn und nicht an das Ende des Alphabetes gestellt, die Umlaute ce und 0 als ä und ö behandelt. Examensarbeiten, hovedoppgaver, die nicht über den Buchhandel erhältlich sind, sondern nur in Universitäts- und Institutsbibliotheken bzw. dem Archiv der Arbeiterbewegung eingesehen werden können, sind mit * gekennzeichnet, während die publizierten Ex amensarbeiten mit -+ versehen sind. -+ Knut Aagesen, Fagopposisjonen av 1940 [Die Gewerkschaftsopposition von 1940], in: 1940 - Fra n0ytral ti1 okkupert [1940 - von neutral bis okkupiert], Oslo 1969 * 0yvind Aasmul, Bruddet i Bergens arbeiderparti i 1923 [Die Spaltung in der Arbeiterpartei in Bergen 1923], Universität Bergen 1977 * Ame Alnces, So1kjerringer og fiskbcerere. Om arbeideme pä klippfiskbcergan i Kristiansund pä 1930-tallet [Sonnenweiber und Fischträger. Über die Arbeiter auf den Trockenfisch klippen in Kristiansund in den 1930er Jahren], Universität Trondheim 1982 Hans Amundsen, Christofer Homsrud, Oslo 1939 Ders., Trygve Lie - gutten fra Grorud som ble generalsekretcer i FN [Trygve Lie-der Junge aus Grorud, der UNO-Generalsekretär wurde], Oslo 1946 * Trond Amundsen, Fiskerkommunismen i nord: Vilkarene for kommunistenes oppslutning pä kysten av 0st-Finnmark i perioden 1930-1940 [Fischereikommunismus im Norden: Bedingungen für die Zustimmung für die Kommunisten in den Küstengebieten von Ost-Finnmark in der Periode 1930-1940], Universität Troms0 1991 Haakon With Andersen, Kapitalisme med menneskelig ansikt ? Fra akkord ti1 fast 10nn ved Akers Mek. Verksted i 1957 [Kapitalismus mit menschlichem Gesicht ? Von Akkord zu festem Gehalt in Akers Mechanischen Werkstätten im Jahre 1957], in: Tidsskrift for arbeiderbevegelsens historie, 2 ( 1981) Roy Andersen, Sin egen fiende. Et portrett av Asbj0rn Bryhn [Sein eigener Feind. -
Communiquéthe Magazine of the Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation
The Magazine of the Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation Communiqué Fall 2017 Volume 21 Meet America’s Most Innovative Ash Center Presents Winners of 2017 Innovations in American Government Awards Teaching in Technicolor Ash Alumna Transforms Myanmar Education with Virtual Reality Inaugural Martha H. Mauzy Award Winner Kate O’Gorman MPA ’17 Is Working for an Inclusive Economic Future Letter from the Director Communiqué Fall 2017, Volume 21 Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation Harvard Kennedy School 79 John F. Kennedy Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Welcome to the Fall 2017 issue of the Ash Center’s Communiqué magazine. I 617-495-0557 am proud to report that my many colleagues at the Ash Center continue to www.ash.harvard.edu advance its mission of engaging scholars, students, and practitioners in the Director most important political and governance challenges we face both in the US and Tony Saich globally. In this issue, we highlight the winners of the 2017 Innovations in American Government Awards (p. 10) and Professor Odd Arne Westad’s per- Editor Jessica Engelman spective on the Cold War as set forth in his new book (p. 8). In our Q+A (p. 4), we talk with Jie Bai, assistant professor of public policy, about the economic Associate Director for Communications challenges firms face in developing countries and emerging markets such as Daniel Harsha Vietnam and China. On p. 12, we introduce Hla Hla Win MC/MPA ’16, who was a Communications Coordinator Ford Foundation Mason Fellow with the Ash Center and who is using virtual Sarah Grucza reality to transform the educational experience in Myanmar. -
1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR HARRY JOSEPH GILMORE Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: February 3, 2003 Copyright 2012 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in Pennsylvania Carnegie Institute of Technology (Carnegie Mellon University) University of Pittsburgh Indiana University Marriage Entered the Foreign Service in 1962 A,100 Course Ankara. Turkey/ 0otation Officer1Staff Aide 1962,1963 4upiter missiles Ambassador 0aymond Hare Ismet Inonu 4oint US Military Mission for Aid to Turkey (4USMAT) Turkish,US logistics Consul Elaine Smith Near East troubles Operations Cyprus US policy Embassy staff Consular issues Saudi isa laws Turkish,American Society Internal tra el State Department/ Foreign Ser ice Institute (FSI)7 Hungarian 1963,1968 9anguage training Budapest. Hungary/ Consular Officer 1968,1967 Cardinal Mindszenty 4anos Kadar regime 1 So iet Union presence 0elations Ambassador Martin Hillenbrand Israel Economy 9iberalization Arab,Israel 1967 War Anti,US demonstrations Go ernment restrictions Sur eillance and intimidation En ironment Contacts with Hungarians Communism Visa cases (pro ocations) Social Security recipients Austria1Hungary relations Hungary relations with neighbors 0eligion So iet Mindszenty concerns Dr. Ann 9askaris Elin OAShaughnessy State Department/ So iet and Eastern Europe EBchange Staff 1967,1969 Hungarian and Czech accounts Operations Scientists and Scholars eBchange programs Effects of Prague Spring 0elations -
The Blind Leading the Blind
WORKING PAPER #60 The Blind Leading the Blind: Soviet Advisors, Counter-Insurgency and Nation-Building in Afghanistan By Artemy Kalinovsky, January 2010 COLD War INTernaTionaL HISTorY ProjecT Working Paper No. 60 The Blind Leading the Blind: Soviet Advisors, Counter-Insurgency and Nation-Building in Afghanistan By Artemy Kalinovsky THE COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT WORKING PAPER SERIES Christian F. Ostermann and Mircea Munteanu Series Editors This paper is one of a series of Working Papers published by the Cold War International History Project of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. Established in 1991 by a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Cold War International History Project (CWIHP) disseminates new information and perspectives on the history of the Cold War as it emerges from previously inaccessible sources on “the other side” of the post-World War II superpower rivalry. The project supports the full and prompt release of historical materials by governments on all sides of the Cold War, and seeks to accelerate the process of integrating new sources, materials and perspectives from the former “Communist bloc” with the historiography of the Cold War which has been written over the past few decades largely by Western scholars reliant on Western archival sources. It also seeks to transcend barriers of language, geography, and regional specialization to create new links among scholars interested in Cold War history. Among the activities undertaken by the project to promote this aim are a periodic BULLETIN to disseminate new findings, views, and activities pertaining to Cold War history; a fellowship program for young historians from the former Communist bloc to conduct archival research and study Cold War history in the United States; international scholarly meetings, conferences, and seminars; and publications. -
The Kgb in Afghanistan
THE KGB IN AFGHANISTAN RALPH PICKARD Figure 1: A display case of a KGB officer’s grouping showing his known Soviet and Afghanistan medals and award booklets earned during his service in the KGB. There has been much written over the years about the intent of stabilizing the Afghan government from the history of the Soviet forces occupation of Afghanistan deterioration that was occurring throughout the region and during the Cold War. However, less has been written especially the souring relationship with the government from the collecting community perspective about the prior to December 1979. The Soviet forces’ intent was Afghanistan medals and award booklets that were earned to seize all important Afghan government facilities and by Soviet personnel during that same time period. The other important areas.1 Within days after the Soviet forces intent of this article is to shed a little light on a few of invasion into Afghanistan and occupation of the capital the Afghanistan medals that were awarded during the of Kabul, the Afghanistan President was assassinated Cold War through a unique group that belonged to a and replaced with the more pro-Soviet government of KGB officer (Figure 1). This grouping provides strong President, Babrak Karmal, who had promised his loyalty indications that this officer served multiple tours and earlier to the Soviet government. 2,3,4 continued to operate in Afghanistan even after February 1989. However, prior to illustrating more about the group Prior to the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviets the in this article, a brief overview of the Soviet invasion and two governments had an ongoing relationship dating back available history of the KGB in Afghanistan during the to the early 1920s with Soviet advisors and technicians Cold War will be presented. -
"Jamiat Islam" Of
VOL. XVIII, NO. 102 TUESDAY, JULY 22, 1980 SARATAN 31, 1353 A.II ) Price Afs. 6 Holy Koran Glwr compatriots fight Kabul religious scholars Congratulatory I.; recitation , telegram sent Revolution back j Soviet Union ' enemies of from in Arg KABUL, July 22, (Bak- CIIEGIICIIARAN, July21, (Bakhtar).-"T- he DRAGovernment after the ' KABUL, July 22, (Bakhtar)- .- The delegation htar). A congratulatory victory of the December 27, 1979 uprising fulfillswhatever it has promised of religious scholars, clergymen and elders from telegram has been sent Mosque ends in the light of the new phase of Saur Revolution.We defend our revolution- Kabul returned home yesterday after a friendly on behalf of Babrak Kar-ma- l, ary government like a tower of strength and sendthe enemies of Saur Rev visit to the Soviet Republics of Tajikistan and Uzb- General Secretary of KABUL, July 22, (Bak-htar- ). olution to history's dust bin". ekistan and visiting sacredplaces and mosques and the PDPA CC, President Recitation of the -- above was stated propaganda by the enem part in the struggle agai- holding talks with a number of local scholars and of RC and DRA Prime holy Koran starting in the The by a few villagers living ies of the glorious Saur nst the recognized enem-Me- s clergymen. , Minister to Warsaw to Ed- Arg: Mosque by Qari Mo- near the centre of Ghor Revolution that "a number of Saur Revolution". , ward Gierek, First Secre- hammad Omar last Mon- oppressors parasit- Mullah Nek Mohamm- Deputy secretary to the banned but facilitated. Our tary of the Central Comt - province in an interview of and day evening- ended last en- with a Bakhtar reporter. -
Stein Tønnesson
Curriculum Vitae Stein Tønnesson Education 1991 • Dr.philos. University of Oslo 1982 • Cand.philol. in French (University of Århus) and History (University of Oslo). Research Interests Peace research. World History. Globalisation. East Asian security. Asian-European relations. Maritime conflicts. Oil and security. Nationalism and national identity. Communism. Revolutions. Political leadership. Vietnam. Work Experience 2001-2009 • Director of the International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO) 1997-2001 • Professor II of Human Development Studies, Centre for Development and the Environment, University of Oslo 1996-2000 • Asia Consultant in Statoil, Stavanger 1995-98 • Senior Research Fellow at the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies 1992-95 • Research professor at the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, Copenhagen. 1990-92 • Research fellow at the International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO) 1990-92 • University scholarship to complete doctoral thesis 1986-88 • NAVF-scholarship to write a doctoral thesis on the Vietnamese Revolution of 1945 1983-85 • Employed by the Norwegian Association of Sports as one of two authors of a general history of Norwegian sports 1983 • 'Amanuensis' teaching Norwegian and world history at the Institute of History, University of Oslo 1975-76 • Journalist in Østlendingen Solør-Odal, Kongsvinger 1974 • Journalist apprentice in Glåmdalen, Kongsvinger Research Administration and Board Memberships 2007- • Member of the Board of NORFUND (Norwegian Investment Fund for Developing Countries) 2004- • Member of the advisory board for the International Institute of Asian Studies (IIAS)/Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) publication series on Piracy and Robbery in the High Seas. 2004- • Member of the Globalisations editorial Board at Taylor & Francis. 2003- • Member of the programme committee for Peace and Conflict Studies (PECOS) at University of Oslo. -
Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence
Russia • Military / Security Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, No. 5 PRINGLE At its peak, the KGB (Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti) was the largest HISTORICAL secret police and espionage organization in the world. It became so influential DICTIONARY OF in Soviet politics that several of its directors moved on to become premiers of the Soviet Union. In fact, Russian president Vladimir V. Putin is a former head of the KGB. The GRU (Glavnoe Razvedvitelnoe Upravleniye) is the principal intelligence unit of the Russian armed forces, having been established in 1920 by Leon Trotsky during the Russian civil war. It was the first subordinate to the KGB, and although the KGB broke up with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the GRU remains intact, cohesive, highly efficient, and with far greater resources than its civilian counterparts. & The KGB and GRU are just two of the many Russian and Soviet intelli- gence agencies covered in Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence. Through a list of acronyms and abbreviations, a chronology, an introductory HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF essay, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries, a clear picture of this subject is presented. Entries also cover Russian and Soviet leaders, leading intelligence and security officers, the Lenin and Stalin purges, the gulag, and noted espionage cases. INTELLIGENCE Robert W. Pringle is a former foreign service officer and intelligence analyst RUSSIAN with a lifelong interest in Russian security. He has served as a diplomat and intelligence professional in Africa, the former Soviet Union, and Eastern Europe. For orders and information please contact the publisher && SOVIET Scarecrow Press, Inc. -
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: the SOUND of SILENCE
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: THE SOUND OF SILENCE: POWER, SECRECY, AND INTERNATIONAL AUDIENCES IN U.S. OVERSEAS MILITARY BASING NEGOTIATIONS Jonathan N. Brown, Doctor of Philosophy, 2012 Dissertation directed by: Professor Paul Huth Department of Government and Politics This dissertation poses two basic questions: (1) Under what conditions are leaders more or less likely to publicly acknowledge cooperative security negotiations or to pursue talks secretly? (2) What impact does this decision have on leaders’ subsequent bargaining behavior and their overall prospects of achieving cooperation? To answer these questions, I develop a realist-inspired theoretical framework that advances two main arguments about leaders’ management of national security information. First, international audiences – namely, third-party states – rather than domestic audiences often constitute the principal targets of official secrecy and public acknowledgement. Second, leaders’ control of information is shaped primarily by the international strategic context and the scope of their states’ national security interests rather than domestic political incentives and institutions. My central claim and finding is that states’ power positions in the international system fundamentally influence not only the way that leaders control information during cooperative security negotiations but also the impact that information management has on leaders’ subsequent willingness to make concessions during talks and their likelihood of reaching an agreement. I evaluate these arguments