Rowland Kenney and British Propaganda in Norway: 1916-1942

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Rowland Kenney and British Propaganda in Norway: 1916-1942 ROWLAND KENNEY AND BRITISH PROPAGANDA IN NORWAY: 1916-1942 Paul Magnus Hjertvik Buvarp A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2016 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8647 This item is protected by original copyright Rowland Kenney and British Propaganda in Norway: 1916-1942 Paul Magnus Hjertvik Buvarp This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 18 September 2015 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, ……, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately ….. words in length, has been written by me, and that it is the record of work carried out by me, or principally by myself in collaboration with others as acknowledged, and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in [month, year] and as a candidate for the degree of …..…. in [month, year]; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between [year] and [year]. (If you received assistance in writing from anyone other than your supervisor/s): I, …..., received assistance in the writing of this thesis in respect of [language, grammar, spelling or syntax], which was provided by …… Date …… signature of candidate ……… 2. Supervisor’s declaration: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of ……… in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree. Date …… signature of supervisor ……… 3. Permission for publication: (to be signed by both candidate and supervisor) In submitting this thesis to the University of St Andrews I understand that I am giving permission for it to be made available for use in accordance with the regulations of the University Library for the time being in force, subject to any copyright vested in the work not being affected thereby. I also understand that the title and the abstract will be published, and that a copy of the work may be made and supplied to any bona fide library or research worker, that my thesis will be electronically accessible for personal or research use unless exempt by award of an embargo as requested below, and that the library has the right to migrate my thesis into new electronic forms as required to ensure continued access to the thesis. I have obtained any third-party copyright permissions that may be required in order to allow such access and migration, or have requested the appropriate embargo below. The following is an agreed request by candidate and supervisor regarding the publication of this thesis: PRINTED COPY a) No embargo on print copy ELECTRONIC COPY a) No embargo on electronic copy Date …… signature of candidate …… signature of supervisor ……… Please note initial embargos can be requested for a maximum of five years. An embargo on a thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science or Medicine is rarely granted for more than two years in the first instance, without good justification. The Library will not lift an embargo before confirming with the student and supervisor that they do not intend to request a continuation. In the absence of an agreed response from both student and supervisor, the Head of School will be consulted. Please note that the total period of an embargo, including any continuation, is not expected to exceed ten years. Where part of a thesis is to be embargoed, please specify the part and the reason. Abstract Rowland Kenney was a British propaganda agent operating in Norway during both the First World War and the Second World War. He has been forgotten by history but the re-discovery of his private collection of materials allows for an analysis of his work. Kenney was deeply involved in the development of propaganda policy and practice. In the First World War, his work in Norway resulted in thousands of pro-British articles appearing in the Norwegian press as well as the realignment of the Norwegian national news agency. In the interwar years, in spite of severe medical difficulties, Kenney continued to work within the field of propaganda, becoming instrumental in the establishment of the British Council. At the start of the Second World War, he returned again to Norway, but was forced to flee during the German invasion of April 1940. During the Second World War, Kenney became the Director of the Northern Section of the Foreign Division in the Ministry of Information where he continued to affect policy-creation and the development of propaganda. There is no doubt that Kenney was a key figure in this development. His professional network and his varied roles within the propaganda bureaucracy speak to his level of involvement, and his documented accomplishments even more so. Finally discovering Kenney’s story and his impact illustrates vividly a few aspects of how the practice of propaganda mutated and changed between 1916 and 1942. 2 Acknowledgements This work could not have been accomplished without the generous help of: The Norwegian Institute of Defence Studies The Norwegian Resistance Museum and The Norwegian Press History Association I am also indebted to my supervisor, Professor Andrew Williams, who gave me this opportunity, showed great patience and offered invaluable advice. I would not be here at all were it not for his help and his confidence in me. It has been my sincerest pleasure to work with you. I would also like to thank Professor Nicholas Rengger, and Professor Tom Kristiansen (of the Norwegian Institute of Defence Studies) for their advice and support through this process. A very special and warm thanks goes to Asta Maria Kenney, who so generously has allowed me to get to know her grandfather. It has been an honour. This work is for you. I have to thank my examiners, Dr. Timothy Wilson and Professor Patrick Salmon, whose advice and comments made this work, and possibly future works, better. Thank you for an engaging and challenging viva. It would be remiss of me not to thank my parents, Jenny Hjertvik and Håvard Buvarp, for their unwavering support through this sometimes-maddening endeavour. My thanks go also to my friends, who with grace permitted my tireless oratory on propaganda theory and wartime history, on soldiers and spies and journalists. My apologies. Your enthusiasm has been an inspiration. I am forever grateful to everyone who has offered help on the way: Dr. Tony Insall, Professor Helge Pharo, Dr. MJ Fox, Professor Peter Putnis, Professor Rune Ottosen, Harald Engelstad, Hans Christian Erlandsen, Peter Day, Robert Pearson, John Entwisle, Ivar Kraglund, Frode Færøy, and such a vast collection of other individuals that I could not hope to fill a conclusive list. Please accept my heartfelt thanks. 3 I was always embarrassed by the words sacred, glorious, and sacrifice and the expression in vain. We had heard them, sometimes standing in the rain almost out of earshot, so that only the shouted words came through, and had read them on proclamations that were slapped up by billposters over other proclamations, now for a long time, and I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory and the sacrifices were like the stock yards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it. ― Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms 4 Table of Contents Chapter I Introduction 6 Materials and Literature Review 9 Methodology and Limitations 20 The Road Ahead 24 Chapter II Concepts in Propaganda 27 The Beginning 28 Propaganda Defined 30 The Conditions for Propaganda 39 Chapter III First World War: Time and Place 46 Britain in the First World War 47 The Ministry of Information 57 Norway in the First World War 69 Chapter IV The First World War: Rowland Kenney in Norway 79 A Man Behind Many Movements and Events 80 Persons of Interest 99 The Rising System 103 Chapter V The NTB-Reuters Affair: A Case Study 109 The Norwegian Telegrambureau 110 The NTB Affair 113 Analysis 119 Chapter VI The Interwar Years 122 He was a Civil Servant 123 Britain and the Second World War 138 Norway and the Second World War 144 Chapter VII The Second World War: Rowland Kenney in Norway 152 Kenney Returns to Norway 153 Persons of Interest 177 Developing Practices of Propaganda 180 Chapter VIII Legacy 186 Bibliography 198 5 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION It is very important that it should not be known that these copies have come into my possession…1 There is a handwritten list with the heading ‘Interviews 1945-46’ in the collection of papers belonging to the principal subject of this thesis, Rowland Kenney.2 Its cursive lettering is wide; the pencil it was written with was stub, the lead strokes broad and grey. Dates run down the right-hand column, appointments set in stone a year in advance for some. The left column carries names: E. Gerhardsen, T. Lie, O. Torp, and on. It is a remarkable list. In 1945, Einar Gerhardsen was the Norwegian Prime Minister. The list carries his name and the names of members of his cabinet: the Foreign Minister, the Finance Minister, Minister of Education, all present. The spacious cursive is unmistakeable after years of studying it on the back of postcards, on wafer-thin 1 Kenney, Rowland. Letter to Sir Roderick Jones. 28 May, 1918. Rowland Kenney Papers. p. 2. 2 Interviews 1945-46.
Recommended publications
  • Fake News and Propaganda: a Critical Discourse Research Perspective
    Open Information Science 2019; 3: 197–208 Research article Iulian Vamanu* Fake News and Propaganda: A Critical Discourse Research Perspective https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2019-0014 Received September 25, 2018; accepted May 9, 2019 Abstract: Having been invoked as a disturbing factor in recent elections across the globe, fake news has become a frequent object of inquiry for scholars and practitioners in various fields of study and practice. My article draws intellectual resources from Library and Information Science, Communication Studies, Argumentation Theory, and Discourse Research to examine propagandistic dimensions of fake news and to suggest possible ways in which scientific research can inform practices of epistemic self-defense. Specifically, the article focuses on a cluster of fake news of potentially propagandistic import, employs a framework developed within Argumentation Theory to explore ten ways in which fake news may be used as propaganda, and suggests how Critical Discourse Research, an emerging cluster of theoretical and methodological approaches to discourses, may provide people with useful tools for identifying and debunking fake news stories. My study has potential implications for further research and for literacy practices. In particular, it encourages empirical studies of its guiding premise that people who became familiar with certain research methods are less susceptible to fake news. It also contributes to the design of effective research literacy practices. Keywords: post-truth, literacy, scientific research, discourse studies, persuasion “Don’t be so overly dramatic about it, Chuck. You’re saying it’s a falsehood [...] Sean Spicer, our press secretary, gave alternative facts to that.” (Kellyanne Conway, Counselor to the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Media and Journalism: 10 Years Later, Untangling Key Assumptions
    Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences | 2019 Social Media and Journalism: 10 Years Later, Untangling Key Assumptions Seth C. Lewis Logan Molyneux University of Oregon Temple University [email protected] [email protected] Abstract revitalize, and hopefully monetize, audience attention in a world awash in attractive alternatives to news. To be active on Twitter and Facebook, as well as Snapchat, Instagram, Amid a broader reckoning about the role of social and the rest, was seen by many news managers as an media in public life, this article argues that the same obvious and necessary step in journalism’s digital-first scrutiny can be applied to the journalism studies field transformation. and its approaches to examining social media. A decade In many cases, journalists actually were ahead of their later, what hath such research wrought? We need a bosses as early and eager adopters of social media, more particular accounting of the assumptions, biases, embracing the opportunity to develop a personal brand, and blind spots that have crept into this line of research follow and converse with fellow journalists, seek new as well as the study of mediated conversations broadly. sources and ideas, and enjoy a metric-based manifestation Our purpose is to provoke reflection and chart a path that people indeed liked and shared their work. For many for future research by critiquing themes of what has journalists, being on social media also meant being come before. In particular, we seek to untangle three exposed to unruly publics and their criticisms, and feeling faulty assumptions—often implicit but no less obligated to manage yet another platform around the clock.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring the News and Its Impact on Democracy COLLOQUIUM PAPER Duncan J
    Measuring the news and its impact on democracy COLLOQUIUM PAPER Duncan J. Wattsa,b,c,1, David M. Rothschildd, and Markus Mobiuse aDepartment of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; bThe Annenberg School of Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; cOperations, Information, and Decisions Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; dMicrosoft Research, New York, NY 10012; and eMicrosoft Research, Cambridge, MA 02142 Edited by Dietram A. Scheufele, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Susan T. Fiske February 21, 2021 (received for review November 8, 2019) Since the 2016 US presidential election, the deliberate spread of pro-Clinton articles.” In turn, they estimated that “if one fake misinformation online, and on social media in particular, has news article were about as persuasive as one TV campaign ad, generated extraordinary concern, in large part because of its the fake news in our database would have changed vote shares by potential effects on public opinion, political polarization, and an amount on the order of hundredths of a percentage point,” ultimately democratic decision making. Recently, however, a roughly two orders of magnitude less than needed to influence handful of papers have argued that both the prevalence and the election outcome. Subsequent studies have found similarly consumption of “fake news” per se is extremely low compared with other types of news and news-relevant content.
    [Show full text]
  • European Journal of American Studies, 3-1 | 2008 a Mirror Image of Sigmund Skard? Paul Knaplund and the Role of the Historian
    European journal of American studies 3-1 | 2008 Spring 2008 A Mirror Image of Sigmund Skard? Paul Knaplund and the Role of the Historian between European and American Cultures Richard Cole Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/ejas/2223 DOI: 10.4000/ejas.2223 ISSN: 1991-9336 Publisher European Association for American Studies Electronic reference Richard Cole, “A Mirror Image of Sigmund Skard? Paul Knaplund and the Role of the Historian between European and American Cultures”, European journal of American studies [Online], 3-1 | 2008, document 5, Online since 16 April 2008, connection on 08 July 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/ejas/ 2223 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/ejas.2223 This text was automatically generated on 8 July 2021. Creative Commons License A Mirror Image of Sigmund Skard? Paul Knaplund and the Role of the Historian ... 1 A Mirror Image of Sigmund Skard? Paul Knaplund and the Role of the Historian between European and American Cultures Richard Cole 1. Introduction 1 Paul Knaplund (1885-1962), long -time Professor of History and Chair at the University of Wisconsin, was one of the great and famous scholars of the British Empire. Yet, a significant amount of his time and energy as a scholar was devoted to historical issues in Norway and to Scandinavian immigrant culture in the US Midwest. This article consider’s Knaplund’s Norwegian background and his role as cultural intermediary between Norway and the United States. Knaplund was not alone in this endeavour. During his tenure at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW), the school became one of the main centers in the United States for Scandinavian Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Introduction
    Notes 1 Introduction 1. Donald Macintyre, Narvik (London: Evans, 1959), p. 15. 2. See Olav Riste, The Neutral Ally: Norway’s Relations with Belligerent Powers in the First World War (London: Allen and Unwin, 1965). 3. Reflections of the C-in-C Navy on the Outbreak of War, 3 September 1939, The Fuehrer Conferences on Naval Affairs, 1939–45 (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1990), pp. 37–38. 4. Report of the C-in-C Navy to the Fuehrer, 10 October 1939, in ibid. p. 47. 5. Report of the C-in-C Navy to the Fuehrer, 8 December 1939, Minutes of a Conference with Herr Hauglin and Herr Quisling on 11 December 1939 and Report of the C-in-C Navy, 12 December 1939 in ibid. pp. 63–67. 6. MGFA, Nichols Bohemia, n 172/14, H. W. Schmidt to Admiral Bohemia, 31 January 1955 cited by Francois Kersaudy, Norway, 1940 (London: Arrow, 1990), p. 42. 7. See Andrew Lambert, ‘Seapower 1939–40: Churchill and the Strategic Origins of the Battle of the Atlantic, Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 17, no. 1 (1994), pp. 86–108. 8. For the importance of Swedish iron ore see Thomas Munch-Petersen, The Strategy of Phoney War (Stockholm: Militärhistoriska Förlaget, 1981). 9. Churchill, The Second World War, I, p. 463. 10. See Richard Wiggan, Hunt the Altmark (London: Hale, 1982). 11. TMI, Tome XV, Déposition de l’amiral Raeder, 17 May 1946 cited by Kersaudy, p. 44. 12. Kersaudy, p. 81. 13. Johannes Andenæs, Olav Riste and Magne Skodvin, Norway and the Second World War (Oslo: Aschehoug, 1966), p.
    [Show full text]
  • Added Costs. Added Value? Evaluation of Norwegian Support Through and to Umbrella and Network Organisations in Civil Society
    Evaluation Department Norad Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation Postal address P.O. Box 8034 Dep. NO-0030 OSLO Added costs. Added value? Visiting address Ruseløkkveien 26, Oslo, Norway Evaluation of Norwegian support Tel: +47 22 24 20 30 Fax: +47 22 24 20 31 through and to umbrella and network No. of Copies: 150 Photo: G.M.B. Akash organisations in civil society [email protected] www.norad.no Report 5/2014 EVALUATION REPORTS 2.09 Evaluation: Mid-Term Evaluation of the Joint Donor Team in Juba, Sudan 10.00 Taken for Granted? An Evaluation of Norway’s Special Grant for the 2.09 Study Report: A synthesis of Evaluations of Environment Assistance Environment by Multilateral Organisations 1.01 Evaluation of the Norwegian Human Rights Fund 3.09 Evaluation: Evaluation of Norwegian Development Coopertation 2.01 Economic Impacts on the Least Developed Countries of the through Norwegian Non-Governmental Organisations in Northern Elimination of Import Tariffs on their Products Uganda (2003-2007) 3.01 Evaluation of the Public Support to the Norwegian NGOs Working in 3.09 Study Report: Evaluation of Norwegian Business-related Assistance Nicaragua 1994–1999 Sri Lanka Case Study 3A.01 Evaluación del Apoyo Público a las ONGs Noruegas que Trabajan 4.09 Evaluation: Evaluation of Norwegian Support to the Protection of en Nicaragua 1994–1999 Cultural Heritage 4.01 The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Cooperation 4.09 Study Report: Norwegian Environmental Action Plan on Poverty Reduction 5.09 Evaluation: Evaluation of Norwegian Support
    [Show full text]
  • Rowland Kenney and British Propaganda in Norway: 1916-1942
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository ROWLAND KENNEY AND BRITISH PROPAGANDA IN NORWAY: 1916-1942 Paul Magnus Hjertvik Buvarp A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2016 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8647 This item is protected by original copyright Rowland Kenney and British Propaganda in Norway: 1916-1942 Paul Magnus Hjertvik Buvarp This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 18 September 2015 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, ……, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately ….. words in length, has been written by me, and that it is the record of work carried out by me, or principally by myself in collaboration with others as acknowledged, and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in [month, year] and as a candidate for the degree of …..…. in [month, year]; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between [year] and [year]. (If you received assistance in writing from anyone other than your supervisor/s): I, …..., received assistance in the writing of this thesis in respect of [language, grammar, spelling or syntax], which was provided by …… Date …… signature of candidate ……… 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Propaganda 101
    Propaganda 101 “Dr. Strangelove” © 1998, 2010 by “Dr. Strangelove” All rights reserved. 2 Propaganda 101 INTRODUCTION These papers are excerpted from a series of writings by an Army officer in the 1950s which was posted to the Internet. Some may see these writings as the work of a rational, patriotic American "doing his duty". Others, as the work of formerly rational individual who, after lapsing into paranoia, now intends to rationalize the beginning of the end of honest communication by our government, to be replaced by inauthentic psychological warfare to be used not only against our enemies abroad, but on civilians within . 3 Propaganda 101 Psychological warfare involves exciting wit-sharpening work. It tends to attract quick-minded people -- men full of ideas. I have talked about psychological warfare with all sorts of people . From all these people I have tried to learn, and have tried to make this book a patchwork of enthusiastic recollection. Fortunately, the material is non-copyright; unfortunately, I cannot attribute most of these comments or inventions to their original proponents. Perhaps this is just as well: some authors might object to being remembered. Historical Examples Psychological warfare is waged before, during, and after war; it is not waged against the opposing psychological warfare operators; it is not controlled by the laws, usages, and customs of war; and it cannot be defined in terms of terrain, order of battle, or named engagements. It is a continuous process. Psychological warfare, by the nature of its instruments and its mission, begins long before the declaration of war. Psychological warfare continues after overt hostilities have stopped.
    [Show full text]
  • Russland I Norsk Presse
    RUSSLAND I NORSK PRESSE En undersøkelse av hovedstadsavisene i perioden 1880 – 1905 Jan-Tore Berghei Mastergradsoppgave i historie Institutt for historie og religionsvitenskap Fakultet for humaniora, samfunnsvitenskap og lærerutdanning Universitetet i Tromsø Høsten 2010 II JA, SÆT, AT HAN KOM! Ja, snart kommer russen, den farlige bussen, paa røvertog ruvende, allting opslugende. Men SCHIBSTED er rolig, Med staalhvasse poter han værger oss trolig han skriver os noter, med skydset det kjendte, som varsler den nære krig! om – noget os hændte Saa lad os kun smede Pyt, lad ham kun komme de løgne saa lede med faner og tromme, og tirre det vældige trold! med digre kanoner og skarpe patroner. Alligevel, -- om nu Vi er sgu'ke bange, hr. RUSLAND, han kom nu for vi har den lange og greb os i nakken, kanon, - som – gik tilbunds! hvem skyldte vi takken? Svar DIETZ os og FRIELE; Og vi har majorer da kunde I smile, med sabel og sporer, mens HØITOMT tog – benene fat! bedækket med stjerner; de landet nok værner Vel taber de hodet det har de i blodet Ja, SOMMERFELT ved det, han! Gustav Lærum, illustrasjon (se forsiden) og sang fra bladet Tyrihans, 1892, nr. 20 III IV FORORD «Kristiania, denne forunderlige by som ingen forlater før han har fåt mærker av den.» Dette skrev Knut Hamsun om hovedstaden vår i romanen Sult fra 1890. Gjennom arbeidet med denne oppgaven har jeg blitt tatt tilbake i tid, nettopp til denne forunderlige by – med dens unike personligheter, raske utvikling og sterke politiske motsetninger. I år er det 150 år siden Aftenposten ble stiftet, og 100 år siden Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson døde.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Why Media Researchers Don't Care About Teletext
    1 Why Media Researchers Don’t Care About Teletext Hilde Van den Bulck & Hallvard Moe Abstract This chapter tackles the paradoxical observation that teletext in Europe can look back on a long and successful history but has attracted very little academic interest. The chapter suggests and discusses reasons why media and commu- nications researchers have paid so little attention to teletext and argue why we should not ignore it. To this end, it dissects the features of teletext, its history, and contextualizes these in a discussion of media research as a field. It first discusses institutional (sender) aspects of teletext, focusing on the perceived lack of attention to teletext from a political economic and policy analysis perspective. Next, the chapter looks at the characteristics of teletext content (message) and reasons why this failed to attract the attention of scholars from a journalism studies and a methodological perspective. Finally, it discusses issues relating to the uses of teletext (receivers), reflecting on the discrepancy between the large numbers of teletext users and the lack of scholarly attention from traditions such as effect research and audience studies. Throughout, the chapter points to instances in the development of teletext that constitute so- called pre-echoes of debates that are considered pressing today. These issues are illustrated throughout with the case of the first (est.1974) and, for a long time, leading teletext service Ceefax of the BBC and the wider development of teletext in the UK. Keywords: teletext, communication studies, research gaps, media history, Ceefax, BBC Introduction When we first started thinking about a book on teletext, a medium that has been very much part of people’s everyday lives across Europe for over forty years, we were surprised by the lack of scholarly attention or even interest.
    [Show full text]
  • The King's Choice – 10Th of April 1940 Alf R. Jacobsen
    The King’s Choice – 10th of April 1940 Alf R. Jacobsen DISCLAIMER: This is a non-professional translation, done purely for the love of the subject matter. Some strange wording is to be expected, since sentence structure is not always alike in English or Norwegian. I'm also not a military nut after 1500, so some officer ranks, division names and the like may be different than expected because of my perhaps too-literal translation. Any notes of my own will be marked in red. This book is more of a political drama and a personal story for the royal family than a military book, but it has its moments of that as well. And it is a treasure trove of personal notes, unpublished stories and reports from those who were in the thick of it. The author has hunted down all the first-hand material he could get, from archives, private collections and family histories of those involved. Many quotes are taken from unpublished diaries and family sagas. Chapter 1 The Attack Schleswig Land, Northern Germany The blackout made the darkness seem deeper when major Erich Walther mustered the two paratrooper companies on the staging ground. Fog swirled over the frozen ground, but a red glare in the horizon announced the coming of morning. The dull roar of tens of BMW engines came from the runway, who coughed and spluttered before starting up. The transport chief, lieutenant colonel Carl Freiherr von Gablenz was the director of Lufthansa in civilian life, and had scraped together several hundred Ju 52’s from all corners of the German Reich.
    [Show full text]
  • Total E&P Norge AS
    ANNUAL REPORT TOTAL E&P NORGE AS E&P NORGE TOTAL TOTAL E&P NORGE AS ANNUAL REPORT 2014 CONTENTS IFC KEY FIGURES 02 ABOUT TOTAL E&P NORGE 05 BETTER TOGETHER IN CHALLENGING TIMES 07 BOARD OF DIRECTORS’ REPORT 15 INCOME STATEMENT 16 BALANCE SHEET 18 CASH FLOW STATEMENT 19 ACCOUNTING POLICIES 20 NOTES 30 AUDITIOR’S REPORT 31 ORGANISATION CHART IBC OUR INTERESTS ON THE NCS TOTAL E&P IS INVOLVED IN EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION O F OIL AND GAS ON THE NORWEGIAN CONTINENTAL SHELF, AND PRODUCED ON AVERAGE 242 000 BARRELS OF OIL EQUIVALENTS EVERY DAY IN 2014. BETTER TOGETHER IN CHALLENGING TIMES Total E&P Norge holds a strong position in Norway. The Company has been present since 1965 and will mark its 50th anniversary in 2015. TOTAL E&P NORGE AS ANNUAL REPORT TOTAL REVENUES MILLION NOK 42 624 OPERATING PROFIT MILLION NOK 22 323 PRODUCTION (NET AVERAGE DAILY PRODUCTION) THOUSAND BOE 242 RESERVES OF OIL AND GAS (PROVED DEVELOPED AND UNDEVELOPED RESERVES AT 31.12) MILLION BOE 958 EMPLOYEES (AVERAGE NUMBER DURING 2013) 424 KEY FIGURES MILLION NOK 2014 2013 2012 INCOME STATEMENT Total revenues 42 624 45 007 51 109 Operating profit 22 323 24 017 33 196 Financial income/(expenses) – net (364) (350) (358) Net income before taxes 21 959 23 667 32 838 Taxes on income 14 529 16 889 23 417 Net income 7 431 6 778 9 421 Cash flow from operations 17 038 15 894 17 093 BALANCE SHEET Intangible assets 2 326 2 548 2 813 Investments, property, plant and equipment 76 002 67 105 57 126 Current assets 7 814 10 506 10 027 Total equity 15 032 13 782 6 848 Long-term provisions
    [Show full text]