DOCSLIB.ORG

Lastemerke På Skib? - Da Er Vi Sosialistisk

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lastemerke På Skib? - Da Er Vi Sosialistisk 1905- Nu gjælderdet at holde kjæft Pressehistoriske skrifter 5/2005 Redaksjon for Pressehistorisk skrifter: Hans Fredrik Dahl Martin Eide Guri Hjeltnes Rune Ottosen Idar Flo (redaksjonssekretær) © Forfattarane 2005 Trykk: Lobo Media AS Omslagsutforming: Thomas Lewe Karikaturen av Bjørnson og Michelsen er tegnet av Gustav Lærum og stod i Vikingen nr. 25, 24.juni 1905. ISSN 1503-9161 ISBN 82-92587-04-7 Utgitt av Norsk pressehistorisk forening med støtte fra Norsk faglitterærforfatter- og oversetterforening (NFF) Abonnement er gratis Pressehistoriske skrifter IMK Universitetet i Oslo Postboks 1093 Blindern 0317 Oslo Tlf: (+47) 70 07 52 22 Faks: (+47) 70 07 52 01 E-post: [email protected] Internett: www .pressehistorisk.no 2 l{.JÆRE LESERl---------··.. ·······............. _ ... ..._________ ........................ 5 1905: MEDIEBILDET I ET GLOBALT PERSPEKTIV ...............,. ........................................................................ 7 Av Hans Fredrik Dahl Global nyhetsformildingog telekommunikasjon ............................................................................................................. 7 Den internasjonalesituasjon .våren 1905........................................................................................................................ 10 Beslutning og påvirkning i 1905..................................................................................................................................... 11 Opinionsskillet Norge-Sverige........................................................................................................................................ 13 Litteratur .......................................................................................................................................................................... 17 MICHELSENS OG NANSENS PRESSESTRA TEGIER I KAMPEN FOR UNIONSOPPLØSNINGEN .... 18 Av Rune Ottosen Christian Michelsen som mediestrateg...... .. ..... ..... ... ............. ....... ............ ...... .. ... .. ... ........ ........ ....... ......... ....... ..... ....... 18 Magnus Andersen, Kysten og Morgenavisen.............................. ................................................................................... 19 Fridtjof Nansen som internasjonalpressetalsmann ........................................................................................................ 26 Nansen i The Daily Mirror .............................................................................................................................................. 32 Konklusjon ....................................................................................................................................................................... 35 Litteratur: ......................................................................................................................................................................... 36 UNIONSOPPLØSNINGEN OG SVENSKE AVISERS HOLDNING TIL NORGE ....................................-37 Av CharlotteSørensen Innledning ........................................................................................................................................................................ 37 Holdninger til Norge i novemberog desember1904 .................................................... ................................................. 37 Bruddet i konsulatforhandlingene........................................................................ ........................................................... 39 Kongens sanksjonsnektelse og 7. juni beslutningen...................................................................................................... 41 Holdninger til Norge under Karlstadforhandlingene..................................................................................................... 43 Holdninger til Norge ett år etter 7. juni beslutningen .................................................................................................... 45 Konklusjon................................................................................ ....................................................................................... 46 Litteratur og kilder.............................................................................. ............................................................................. 47 FINMARKEN: AVHOLDSBLAD, BOLSJEVIKORGAN OG PARTIA VIS .................................................... 48 Av Leif Wold-Karlsen Forord ............................................................................................................................................................................... 48 Slik begynte det! .............................................................................................................................................................. 49 Partistrid..................................... ...................................................................................................................................... 50 S. M. Gundersen .............................................................................................................................................................. 51 Venstre- og avholdsorgan................................................................................................................................................ 52 Sosialisten Oscar Ruud............................................................... : .................................................................................... 53 Illegal virksomhet ............................................................................................................................................................ 54 Hammerfestbasen ............................................................................................................................................................ 55 V ardøbasen ...................................................................................................................................................................... 55 Vardøsaken ...................................................................................................................................................................... 57 Adam Egede-Nissen ........................................................................................................................................................ 59 Vincentz Gaarder............................................................................................................................................................. 61 Familien Nygaard ............................................................................................................................................................ 62 Eier og redaktør ............................................................................................................................................................... 63 Vardøsak to ...................................................................................................................................................................... 64 Avisa Murman ................................................................................................................................................................. 66 Medarbeidere ................................................................................................................................................................... 67 Neksandr Sjljapnikov ..................................................................................................................................................... 67 Kathrine Bugge ................................................................................................................................................................ 68 Falsk våpenlarm............................................................................................................................................................... 69 Bolsjevikorgan ................................................................................................................................................................. 70 Sovjetrepublikk? .............................................................................................................................................................. 71 "Kaptain" Palludans nordlige rute .................................................................................................................................. 72 Richard Bodin .................................................................................................................................................................. 74 Bodin og NKP.............. .................................................................................................................................................... 75 JournalistenBodin ........................................................................................................................................................... 76 Samvirkemannen ............................................................................................................................................................. 76 Fiskerinæringens talerør .................................................................................................................................................. 77 Vin istedet forkom .........................................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Curiosity's Candidate Field Site in Gale Crater, Mars
    Curiosity’s Candidate Field Site in Gale Crater, Mars K. S. Edgett – 27 September 2010 Simulated view from Curiosity rover in landing ellipse looking toward the field area in Gale; made using MRO CTX stereopair images; no vertical exaggeration. The mound is ~15 km away 4th MSL Landing Site Workshop, 27–29 September 2010 in this view. Note that one would see Gale’s SW wall in the distant background if this were Edgett, 1 actually taken by the Mastcams on Mars. Gale Presents Perhaps the Thickest and Most Diverse Exposed Stratigraphic Section on Mars • Gale’s Mound appears to present the thickest and most diverse exposed stratigraphic section on Mars that we can hope access in this decade. • Mound has ~5 km of stratified rock. (That’s 3 miles!) • There is no evidence that volcanism ever occurred in Gale. • Mound materials were deposited as sediment. • Diverse materials are present. • Diverse events are recorded. – Episodes of sedimentation and lithification and diagenesis. – Episodes of erosion, transport, and re-deposition of mound materials. 4th MSL Landing Site Workshop, 27–29 September 2010 Edgett, 2 Gale is at ~5°S on the “north-south dichotomy boundary” in the Aeolis and Nepenthes Mensae Region base map made by MSSS for National Geographic (February 2001); from MOC wide angle images and MOLA topography 4th MSL Landing Site Workshop, 27–29 September 2010 Edgett, 3 Proposed MSL Field Site In Gale Crater Landing ellipse - very low elevation (–4.5 km) - shown here as 25 x 20 km - alluvium from crater walls - drive to mound Anderson & Bell
    [Show full text]
  • Supervolcanoes Within an Ancient Volcanic Province in Arabia Terra, Mars 2 3 4 Joseph
    EMBARGOED BY NATURE 1 1 Supervolcanoes within an ancient volcanic province in Arabia Terra, Mars 2 3 4 Joseph. R. Michalski 1,2 5 1Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona 85719, [email protected] 6 2Dept. of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom 7 8 Jacob E. Bleacher3 9 3NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA. 10 11 12 Summary: 13 14 Several irregularly shaped craters located within Arabia Terra, Mars represent a 15 new type of highland volcanic construct and together constitute a previously 16 unrecognized martian igneous province. Similar to terrestrial supervolcanoes, these 17 low-relief paterae display a range of geomorphic features related to structural 18 collapse, effusive volcanism, and explosive eruptions. Extruded lavas contributed to 19 the formation of enigmatic highland ridged plains in Arabia Terra. Outgassed sulfur 20 and erupted fine-grained pyroclastics from these calderas likely fed the formation of 21 altered, layered sedimentary rocks and fretted terrain found throughout the 22 equatorial region. Discovery of a new type of volcanic construct in the Arabia 23 volcanic province fundamentally changes the picture of ancient volcanism and 24 climate evolution on Mars. Other eroded topographic basins in the ancient Martian 25 highlands that have been dismissed as degraded impact craters should be 26 reconsidered as possible volcanic constructs formed in an early phase of 27 widespread, disseminated magmatism on Mars. 28 29 30 EMBARGOED BY NATURE 2 31 The source of fine-grained, layered deposits1,2 detected throughout the equatorial 32 region of Mars3 remains unresolved, though the deposits are clearly linked to global 33 sedimentary processes, climate change, and habitability of the surface4.
    [Show full text]
  • Crater Geometry and Ejecta Thickness of the Martian Impact Crater Tooting
    Meteoritics & Planetary Science 42, Nr 9, 1615–1625 (2007) Abstract available online at http://meteoritics.org Crater geometry and ejecta thickness of the Martian impact crater Tooting Peter J. MOUGINIS-MARK and Harold GARBEIL Hawai‘i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822, USA (Received 25 October 2006; revision accepted 04 March 2007) Abstract–We use Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) topographic data and Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) visible (VIS) images to study the cavity and the ejecta blanket of a very fresh Martian impact crater ~29 km in diameter, with the provisional International Astronomical Union (IAU) name Tooting crater. This crater is very young, as demonstrated by the large depth/ diameter ratio (0.065), impact melt preserved on the walls and floor, an extensive secondary crater field, and only 13 superposed impact craters (all 54 to 234 meters in diameter) on the ~8120 km2 ejecta blanket. Because the pre-impact terrain was essentially flat, we can measure the volume of the crater cavity and ejecta deposits. Tooting crater has a rim height that has >500 m variation around the rim crest and a very large central peak (1052 m high and >9 km wide). Crater cavity volume (i.e., volume below the pre-impact terrain) is ~380 km3 and the volume of materials above the pre-impact terrain is ~425 km3. The ejecta thickness is often very thin (<20 m) throughout much of the ejecta blanket. There is a pronounced asymmetry in the ejecta blanket, suggestive of an oblique impact, which has resulted in up to ~100 m of additional ejecta thickness being deposited down-range compared to the up-range value at the same radial distance from the rim crest.
    [Show full text]
  • Tre Senbohemer Og Gustaf Frödings Siste Reise
    Tre senbohemer og Gustaf Frödings siste reise. Av O. Henrik Akeleye Braastad (Utkast I) I Stockholm: Wildenvey, Nils Kjær og ”Riverton” - Sven Elvestad. Året er 1911 og det er i Stockholm. Det er i begynnelsen av februar, den syvende. Kaldt Inne på et hotellrom sitter tre norske ”senbohemer”, som har tatt seg dit fra den beryktede restaurant Gravesen i Kristiania. 1 Det er Nils Kjær, velgasjert teateranmelder hos redaktør Amandus Schibstedt i Aftenposten. Han har skrevet til August Strindberg og fått innvilget et intervju i Strindbergs nåværende hjem, i ”Blå tornet”. Kjærs innvilgede Strindbergintervju er noe å skryte med i det norske journalistkorpset i Kristiania. Den andre er en ung haldenser, Svein Elvestad, allerede en feiret kriminalforfatter, i Stockholm på oppdrag for redaktør Ola Thommessen i nystartede ”Tidens Tegn”, der han akkurat har tiltrådt og topper en stjernespekket medarbeiderstab. I Stockholm har forfatteren Herman Wildenvey sluttet seg til selskapet, han har vært i den svenske hovedstaden siden i januar. Wildenvey presenterer nå Elvestad – ”Jernvognens” forfatter, Stein Riverton 2 - for den svenske juristen, kriminalpsykologen Andreas Bjerre. Bjerre er Berlinutdannet og med den gang meget omtalte feltintervjuer av fanger på det svenske statsfengslet Wildenvey portrettert av Isaac Grünewald Långholmen bakom seg – en kjendiskriminolog. Bjerre vil gjerne treffe ”Jernvognens” forfatter. De tre nordmennene havner i Bjerres hjem, ute på Heleneborg ved Långholmen. Og under et jevnt innsig av pjoltere drøftes kriminelle grusomheter, inntil navnet Gustaf Fröding blir nevnt. Den svenske verten kan fortelle at Fröding er blitt syk, det skulle visst gå mot slutten., ble det sagt. 1 Nylig malende beskrevet av Berndt Rougthvedts Elvestadboiografi ”RIVERTON”, Oslo 2007: Cappelen 2 Jernvognen hadde vært en kolossal suksess for Elvestad spesielt i Sverige.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Introduction
    Notes 1 Introduction 1. Donald Macintyre, Narvik (London: Evans, 1959), p. 15. 2. See Olav Riste, The Neutral Ally: Norway’s Relations with Belligerent Powers in the First World War (London: Allen and Unwin, 1965). 3. Reflections of the C-in-C Navy on the Outbreak of War, 3 September 1939, The Fuehrer Conferences on Naval Affairs, 1939–45 (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1990), pp. 37–38. 4. Report of the C-in-C Navy to the Fuehrer, 10 October 1939, in ibid. p. 47. 5. Report of the C-in-C Navy to the Fuehrer, 8 December 1939, Minutes of a Conference with Herr Hauglin and Herr Quisling on 11 December 1939 and Report of the C-in-C Navy, 12 December 1939 in ibid. pp. 63–67. 6. MGFA, Nichols Bohemia, n 172/14, H. W. Schmidt to Admiral Bohemia, 31 January 1955 cited by Francois Kersaudy, Norway, 1940 (London: Arrow, 1990), p. 42. 7. See Andrew Lambert, ‘Seapower 1939–40: Churchill and the Strategic Origins of the Battle of the Atlantic, Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 17, no. 1 (1994), pp. 86–108. 8. For the importance of Swedish iron ore see Thomas Munch-Petersen, The Strategy of Phoney War (Stockholm: Militärhistoriska Förlaget, 1981). 9. Churchill, The Second World War, I, p. 463. 10. See Richard Wiggan, Hunt the Altmark (London: Hale, 1982). 11. TMI, Tome XV, Déposition de l’amiral Raeder, 17 May 1946 cited by Kersaudy, p. 44. 12. Kersaudy, p. 81. 13. Johannes Andenæs, Olav Riste and Magne Skodvin, Norway and the Second World War (Oslo: Aschehoug, 1966), p.
    [Show full text]
  • Beretning 1952
    BERETNING 19S2 DET NORSKE ARBEIDERPARTI DET ORSKE ARBEIDERPARTI BERETNING 1952 UTARBEIDET VED PARTIKONTORET OSLO 1953 ARBEIDER ES AKTIETRYKKERI . , INNHOLD Side Innledning ......................................... 5 Sentralstyret og landstyret ......................... 6 Sentralstyremøter .................................. 7 Landstyrets møter . ............................... 7 Konferanser og fellesmØter ......................... 10 Olav Kringen ...................................... 11 Faste komiteer og utvalg ........................... 11 Sentralstyrets representanter i diverse institusjoner .. 13 Utvalg i forbindelse med forberedelsen til landsmØtet 14 1. mai ............................................. 16 Johan Nygaardsvolds minnefond .................... 27 Organisasjonsarbeid ................................ 27 Saker sendt ut av partikontoret ..................... 32- Tillitsmannen ...................................... 33 Magnetofoner ...................................... 34 Stipendier ......................................... 3:5 Prisloven ........................................... 34 Distriktsorganisasjonenes' rapporter .................• 35 Internasjonalt samarbeid ........................... 72 Nordisk samarbeid ................................. 72 Partikurs .......................................... 73 Partikontoret ....................................... 73 Kvinnebevegelsen .................................. 74 A.U.F ............................................... 81 Framfylkingen ............•........................
    [Show full text]
  • For Irn on Schooner
    '• ■ i.C; i-k'Jr: ■•rtb ' ' '•■,'■ / o ) i > /jriUrt »• ‘ • yf< . r f 11r<‘» ‘if'i'ff'!• i « I'l < t ■> j 1 v i * ' ’ ■ > ■ • '•i ' A VA AC B DAILY OmODLAflOM •for Ihii MoBtk<«f iu u w y , IMS ' ■— .... ' « ^ .......... 5> of > tbo 2 7Andlt 0 o f CtaoalotioBO. (CtaMUtod Adforllilag oa flMra U .) VOL. U L , NO. 118 . SOUTH BIAN,CHESTER, CONN., FRH)AY, FEBRUARY 1 0 ,1 9 8 8 . (8i:m EN RAGES) PRICE THREE CENt^ PRESm ENT-ELECT ROOSETVSliT VISITS BAHAMAS 18 REBELS KILLED i — ON DUTCH CRUISER a - FOR IRN ON SCHOONER Twenty-ire hjiired When HHTAlirS ENVOY M rio e e n On Stolen SAIUIDESDAY Japanese to Refuse E j ^ Men and Two W o n n Crnisor Refnse To Obey Who b d Started Ont To Ordera— Later Snrrender. Sr RonaU Unkay Will Request of League Look For Misflig Yorth, Brins Rqnrt On War Tokyo, Feb. 10.— (A P )—^An offi-^ maintaining that Japaneie-spon- A re ThemadTes Losfa Not Batavia, Java, Peb. 10.— (A P ) — dal statement that Japan wlU rei sored government in Manchuria, a EIgbteen men were killed and 25 In- ply with an emphatic "no" to a government spokesman said today Heard From For Over 40 juxod aboard the rebeDioua Dutch Debts To hreadent-HecL and that Chinese -u)verelgnty to League of Nations’ request for a Manchuria is ended forever, not­ cruiser de Zeven Provinden when a statement of Japan’s attitude to­ withstanding reports that toe b iB R — Yonth Sonfdd Ro* naval fighting plane dropped a London, Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • Added Costs. Added Value? Evaluation of Norwegian Support Through and to Umbrella and Network Organisations in Civil Society
    Evaluation Department Norad Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation Postal address P.O. Box 8034 Dep. NO-0030 OSLO Added costs. Added value? Visiting address Ruseløkkveien 26, Oslo, Norway Evaluation of Norwegian support Tel: +47 22 24 20 30 Fax: +47 22 24 20 31 through and to umbrella and network No. of Copies: 150 Photo: G.M.B. Akash organisations in civil society [email protected] www.norad.no Report 5/2014 EVALUATION REPORTS 2.09 Evaluation: Mid-Term Evaluation of the Joint Donor Team in Juba, Sudan 10.00 Taken for Granted? An Evaluation of Norway’s Special Grant for the 2.09 Study Report: A synthesis of Evaluations of Environment Assistance Environment by Multilateral Organisations 1.01 Evaluation of the Norwegian Human Rights Fund 3.09 Evaluation: Evaluation of Norwegian Development Coopertation 2.01 Economic Impacts on the Least Developed Countries of the through Norwegian Non-Governmental Organisations in Northern Elimination of Import Tariffs on their Products Uganda (2003-2007) 3.01 Evaluation of the Public Support to the Norwegian NGOs Working in 3.09 Study Report: Evaluation of Norwegian Business-related Assistance Nicaragua 1994–1999 Sri Lanka Case Study 3A.01 Evaluación del Apoyo Público a las ONGs Noruegas que Trabajan 4.09 Evaluation: Evaluation of Norwegian Support to the Protection of en Nicaragua 1994–1999 Cultural Heritage 4.01 The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Cooperation 4.09 Study Report: Norwegian Environmental Action Plan on Poverty Reduction 5.09 Evaluation: Evaluation of Norwegian Support
    [Show full text]
  • Rowland Kenney and British Propaganda in Norway: 1916-1942
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository ROWLAND KENNEY AND BRITISH PROPAGANDA IN NORWAY: 1916-1942 Paul Magnus Hjertvik Buvarp A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2016 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8647 This item is protected by original copyright Rowland Kenney and British Propaganda in Norway: 1916-1942 Paul Magnus Hjertvik Buvarp This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 18 September 2015 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, ……, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately ….. words in length, has been written by me, and that it is the record of work carried out by me, or principally by myself in collaboration with others as acknowledged, and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in [month, year] and as a candidate for the degree of …..…. in [month, year]; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between [year] and [year]. (If you received assistance in writing from anyone other than your supervisor/s): I, …..., received assistance in the writing of this thesis in respect of [language, grammar, spelling or syntax], which was provided by …… Date …… signature of candidate ……… 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Russland I Norsk Presse
    RUSSLAND I NORSK PRESSE En undersøkelse av hovedstadsavisene i perioden 1880 – 1905 Jan-Tore Berghei Mastergradsoppgave i historie Institutt for historie og religionsvitenskap Fakultet for humaniora, samfunnsvitenskap og lærerutdanning Universitetet i Tromsø Høsten 2010 II JA, SÆT, AT HAN KOM! Ja, snart kommer russen, den farlige bussen, paa røvertog ruvende, allting opslugende. Men SCHIBSTED er rolig, Med staalhvasse poter han værger oss trolig han skriver os noter, med skydset det kjendte, som varsler den nære krig! om – noget os hændte Saa lad os kun smede Pyt, lad ham kun komme de løgne saa lede med faner og tromme, og tirre det vældige trold! med digre kanoner og skarpe patroner. Alligevel, -- om nu Vi er sgu'ke bange, hr. RUSLAND, han kom nu for vi har den lange og greb os i nakken, kanon, - som – gik tilbunds! hvem skyldte vi takken? Svar DIETZ os og FRIELE; Og vi har majorer da kunde I smile, med sabel og sporer, mens HØITOMT tog – benene fat! bedækket med stjerner; de landet nok værner Vel taber de hodet det har de i blodet Ja, SOMMERFELT ved det, han! Gustav Lærum, illustrasjon (se forsiden) og sang fra bladet Tyrihans, 1892, nr. 20 III IV FORORD «Kristiania, denne forunderlige by som ingen forlater før han har fåt mærker av den.» Dette skrev Knut Hamsun om hovedstaden vår i romanen Sult fra 1890. Gjennom arbeidet med denne oppgaven har jeg blitt tatt tilbake i tid, nettopp til denne forunderlige by – med dens unike personligheter, raske utvikling og sterke politiske motsetninger. I år er det 150 år siden Aftenposten ble stiftet, og 100 år siden Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson døde.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin of Bright Dust Devil Track on Mars
    EPSC Abstracts Vol. 11, EPSC2017-703-2, 2017 European Planetary Science Congress 2017 EEuropeaPn PlanetarSy Science CCongress c Author(s) 2017 Origin of Bright Dust Devil Track on Mars K.Hamada (1), S. Nishizawa (2) and K.Kurita (1) (1) ERI,Univ. of Tokyo,Japan USA, (2) Riken Advanced Institute for Computational Science, Japan Abstract of terrestrial BDDT, But all these mechanisms can not fully explain the coexistence of BDDT and DDDT in Bright Dust Devil Tracks(BDDT) on Mars are an the same region.In this study we performed detailed enigmatic surface signature on Mars. Although sev- investigation on DDT in two regions where BDDT are eral mechanisms have been proposed why the bright abundantly observed. albedo is formed there still exist inconsistent observed features and they are still enigmatic. The biggest 2. Analysis enigma would be coexistence of BrightDDT(BDDT) We selected two regions for the analysis of BDDT; Re- and DarkDDT(DDDT) in regional scale and in some gion A in and around Schiaparelli Crater and Amazoni cases they are cross-cutting. This requires an spe- Planitia. Both regions are known to have higher den- cific explanation for the formation of both BDDT sity of BDDT([3],[?]). Relatively uniform coverage and DDDT during the short life time(several Earth of CTX/MRO in these regions with the average reso- months). In this study we performed detailed investi- lution of 5m made homogeneous survey possible. Fine gation on DDT in two regions where BDDT are abun- structure of the DDT is analysed in HiRISE/MRO im- dantly observed; in and around Schiaparelli Crater and ages.
    [Show full text]
  • Rural Infant Mortality in Nineteenth Century Norway1
    Rural Infant Mortality in Nineteenth Century Norway1 Gunnar Thorvaldsen uch previous research on the Norwegian mortality decline has focused on specific localities, employing databases with linked microdata. One Mgood choice is Rendalen, a parish on the Swedish border, representative of the world record low Norwegian mortality rates. The focus on the role of women, given their access to more abundant material resources towards the end of the eighteenth century, is a most interesting explanation for the declining level of infant mortality.2 Another well-researched locality is the fjord-parish Etne, south of Bergen, where infant mortality was significantly higher – also an area where the role of women is highlighted. More recent studies have been done on Asker and Bærum, south of Oslo, with infant mortality levels closer to the national average. The present article will not attempt to match these penetrating studies of well- researched rural localities, nor William Hubbard’s insights into many aspects of urban mortality.3 Rather it broadens the scope to include the whole country. My study is limited primarily to Norway’s sparsely populated rural areas, where 90 percent of the population lived in 1801, a figure that was declining towards 60 percent by 1900, when the national infant mortality rate (IMR) had fallen below ten percent.4 My basic aim is to track the development of infant mortality rates in Norway over time, and, where possible, to say something about regional differences in the proportion of children who died before they reached their first birthday. The 1 Another version of this article will also be published inStudies in Mortality Decline.
    [Show full text]