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Low Risk, Fruit Tree, Edible Fruit, Slow-Growing, Bird-Dispersed, Zoochorous

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Low Risk, Fruit Tree, Edible Fruit, Slow-Growing, Bird-Dispersed, Zoochorous Family: Sapindaceae Taxon: Talisia esculenta Synonym: Sapindus esculenta A. St.-Hil. (basionym) Common Name: pitomba Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: L Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score -1 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 n 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n Print Date: 12/6/2012 Talisia esculenta (Sapindaceae) Page 1 of 6 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 n 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, >3 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 n areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 n 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 n 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: L WRA Score -1 Print Date: 12/6/2012 Talisia esculenta (Sapindaceae) Page 2 of 6 Supporting Data: 101 2008. Janick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Encyclopedia of [Is the species highly domesticated? No evidence] Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishing, Wallingford, UK 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 2003. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P.. Melicocceae [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - 2-High] "Distribution and (Sapindaceae): Melicoccus and Talisia. Flora Ecology. (Fig 45) Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. In gallery, terra firme, varzea, Neotropica. 87: 1-178. caatinga, and dry forests, island forest surrounded by savanna, and disturbed secondary forest, also widely cultivated for its edible fruits (with fleshy testa)." 202 2003. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P.. Melicocceae [Quality of climate match data 2-High] (Sapindaceae): Melicoccus and Talisia. Flora Neotropica. 87: 1-178. 203 1986. FAO. Food and fruit-bearing forest species [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Potentially Yes] "Talisia 3: Examples from Latin America. Food & esculenta occurs on a wide range of soils, except those that are seasonally Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, flooded, substantially rocky or sandy, and under a wide range of climatic Rome, Italy conditions." 203 2012. Tropicos.org. Tropicos [Online Database]. [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Possibly] Collected from 100 Missouri Botanical Garden, m elevation (22°16'09"S 057°33'11"W) to 1000 m (14°46'00"S 061°02'09"W) http://www.tropicos.org/ 204 2008. Janick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Encyclopedia of [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "They Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishing, Wallingford, UK are both native to tropical climates and adapt to subtropical areas." 205 1986. FAO. Food and fruit-bearing forest species [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural 3: Examples from Latin America. Food & range? No] "T. esculenta is cultivated occasionally and only on a small scale in Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, gardens." Rome, Italy 301 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 302 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 303 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 304 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Environmental weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 305 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Congeneric weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 401 2003. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P.. Melicocceae [Produces spines, thorns or burrs? No] "Treelet or tree, 5-10 (20) m tall; trunk to (Sapindaceae): Melicoccus and Talisia. Flora 50 cm in diam.; bark brownish, flaky. Twigs nearly terete, glabrous, lenticellate Neotropica. 87: 1-178. with age. Leaves paripinnate or less often imparipinnate; distal process minute, filiform,4 - 5 mm long, early deciduous leaving a truncate base; leaflets (2) 6 to 8, opposite to alternate, elliptic or less often oblong-elliptic, lanceolate-elliptic or oblanceolate, 4.5-15 x 1.7-7.5 cm, chartaceous, the adaxial surface slightly shiny, glabrous, the abaxial surface glabrous or puberulous, the venation brochidodromus, prominulous on both surfaces, tertiary veins reticulate, the margins entire, undulate, the apex obtuse, acute, obtusely acuminate or sometimes emarginate, the base obtuse, rounded or rarely truncate, slightly asymmetrical; petiolules slender, 1-3 mm long, puberulent or pubescent, usually drying dark brown; rachis (1) 3.5-13 cm long, obtusely angled, puberulent or pubescent; petioles( 3) 4.5-6.5 (9) cm long, slightly flattened along adaxial surface, thickened and darker at the very base, with same indumentum as the rachis" 402 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. [Allelopathic? Unknown] 403 2003. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P.. Melicocceae [Parasitic? No] "Treelet or tree, 5-10 (20) m tall" [Sapindaceae] (Sapindaceae): Melicoccus and Talisia. Flora Neotropica. 87: 1-178. Print Date: 12/6/2012 Talisia esculenta (Sapindaceae) Page 3 of 6 404 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. [Unpalatable to grazing animals? Unknown] 405 2003. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P.. Melicocceae [Toxic to animals?] "A few species of Talisia (T esculenta, T. furfuracea, T (Sapindaceae): Melicoccus and Talisia. Flora hexaphylla, T squarrosa, and T. stricta) arer eported as being used as piscicides Neotropica. 87: 1-178. in South America (Acevedo-Rodriguez, 1990)." 406 2008. Janick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Encyclopedia of [Host for recognized pests and pathogens? No] [Host for recognized pests and Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishing, Wallingford, UK pathogens?] "Leaf-cutter ants (Atta sexdens) are the only important pest that attacks these species, cutting the leaves. Talisia esculenta is cited as host of the citrus white-fly (Orthezia insignis). Information on diseases is unavailable, as the crop is limited to family orchards." 407 1986. FAO. Food and fruit-bearing forest species [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans? No evidence] "The edible part 3: Examples from Latin America. Food & of the fruit is the whitish fleshy aril that covers the seeds. The flavour is sweet, Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, slightly acid and very agreeable. The fruit (aril) is consumed only in natura but it Rome, Italy can be used to prepare a pleasant drink. The seeds are very astringent and when cooked are used against chronic diarrhoea (Le Cointe, 1947) The tree is suitable for square and street arborization." 407 2008. Wagstaff, D.J.. International poisonous [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans? No evidence] plants checklist: an evidence-based reference. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 408 2003.
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