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Transit Priority Treatments for Improved Person Mobility Motivation Transit Priority Treatments for Improved Person Mobility Motivation 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 2 Background Priority in Space (Geometric) § Dedicated bus lanes § Bus Lanes with Intermittent Priority § Queue jump lanes Viegas, 2007 Priority in Time (Transit Signal Priority (TSP)) § Passive priority strategies § Active priority strategies (e.g., phase extension/advance) § Real-time signal control strategies with priority www.mta.info www.mta.info Priority in Time and Space § Pre-signal www.umn.edu 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 3 Dedicated Bus Lanes h7p://combo2600.com/del-ayer-y-hoy/ commons.wikimedia.org www.mta.info www.mta.info 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 4 www.transportdeals.co.uk www.streetsblog.org Dedicated Bus Lanes New York City, NY § Reduction in travel time by: § 43% (express bus) § 34% (local bus) § Increased travel time reliability by 57% San Francisco, CA § Reduction in travel time by: § 39% (local bus) Source: www.sf.streetsblog.org 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange Intermittent Bus Lanes (IBL) University Avenue, Lisbon, Portugal § Used for buses § Increased bus speeds by 15%-25% § No significant penalty to car traffic Toorak Avenue, Melbourne, Australia § Used for a streetcar Source: Viegas et al. (2007) § Increased streetcar speeds by 1%-10% 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange Queue Jumper Lanes Portland, OR § Combination of queue jumper lane and Transit Signal Priority (TSP) § Reduction in bus travel time by 5-8% § Inconclusive impacts of TSP on traffic Atlanta, GA § On-time bus performance improved from 67% to 82% 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange Transit Signal Priority Strategies Passive Priority Strategies § adjustment of offsets § additional green time for transit phases § reduction in cycle length 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange Adjustment of Offsets Distance Bus Delayed By Original Offsets 2 Bus Stop 1 Bus Stop Bus Trajectory to Time 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange Adjustment of Offsets Distance Adjustment of Offset 2 Bus Stop 1 Bus Stop Bus Trajectory to Time 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange Transit Signal Priority Strategies Passive Priority Strategies § adjustment of offsets § additional green time for transit phases § reduction in cycle length Issues: § Fixed dwell times for transit vehicles § Not traffic responsive 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange Transit Signal Priority Strategies Active Priority Strategies § phase extension (green extension) § phase advance (red truncation) § phase insertion § phase rotation www.th.gov.bc.ca 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange Transit Signal Priority Strategies Active Priority Strategies § phase extension (green extension) § phase advance (red truncation) § phase insertion § phase rotation www.th.gov.bc.ca 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange Active TSP: Phase Extension-Phase Advance Distance 2 BusBus StopStop 1 Bus Stop Bus Trajectory Time 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 14 Active TSP: Phase Extension-Phase Advance Distance Phase Advance 2 Bus Stop 1 Phase Extension Bus Stop Bus Trajectory Time 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 15 Active TSP: Phase Insertion – Phase Rotation Distance 2 Bus Stop 1 Bus Stop Bus Trajectory Time 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 16 Active TSP: Phase Insertion – Phase Rotation Distance Phase Insertion/ Phase Rotation 2 Bus Stop 1 Bus Stop Bus Trajectory 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 17 Transit Signal Priority Strategies Active Priority Strategies § phase extension (green extension) § phase advance (red truncation) § phase insertion § phase rotation Issues: § Loss of signal coordination (potential) § Oversaturation of vehicle movements (side-streets) § Not conditional TSP www.th.gov.bc.ca 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange Transit Signal Priority Strategies Seattle, WA § Phase advance § Phase extension § Reduction of travel time by 1-5% Portland, OR § Phase advance § Phase extension § Reduction of travel time by 8-10% § Reduction in travel time reliability of 19% during am peak 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange Transit Signal Priority Strategies Miami, FL § Phase advance § Phase extension § Reduction of travel time by 1.5-12% § On-time performance improved from 66.7% to 75% 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange Person-based Real-time Signal Control Vehicle-based Optimization Person-based Optimization 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 21 Test Site 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 22 Person-based Real-time Signal Control oa =1.25 [pax/veh] ob = 40 [pax/veh] 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% -30% -40% -50% to Person-based Optimization to Person-based Optimization -60% -70% % Change in Person Delay from Vehicle-based Vehicle-based % Change in Person Delay from 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 Auto demand increases Intersection Flow Ratio (Y) Auto Passengers Bus Passengers Total Passengers 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 23 Emission-based Real-time Signal Control Effect of Auto Demand 5% 0% -5% -10% Optimization Optimization -15% Vehicle-based to Emission-based Vehicle-based % Change in Emission (HC) from % Change in Emission (HC) from -20% 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Intersection Flow Ratio (Y) Auto demand increases Auto Bus Total 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 24 Pre-signal Example Configuration 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 25 Pre-signal Example Configuration When no bus is present: Pre-signal Dedicated Bus Lane Main signal 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 26 Pre-signal Example Configuration When no bus is present: Pre-signal Dedicated Bus Lane Main signal 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 27 Pre-signal Example Configuration When no bus is present: Pre-signal Dedicated Bus Lane Main signal 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 28 Pre-signal Example Configuration When bus is present: Pre-signal Dedicated Bus Lane Main signal 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 29 Pre-signal Example Configuration When bus is present: Pre-signal Dedicated Bus Lane Main signal 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 30 Pre-signal Example Configuration When bus is present: Pre-signal Dedicated Bus Lane Main signal 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 31 Pre-signal: Real-world implementation in Zurich, Switzerland 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 32 Pre-signal: Real-world implementation in Zurich, Switzerland § Real-world implementation: Zurich, Switzerland https://www.dropbox.com/s/7hpastdiju6c7ee/ShortClip.wmv?dl=0 § Use of pre-signals for transit priority on single–lane approaches through simulation (Guler et al., 2016) § Analytical models and empirical evaluation of pre-signals for transit priority (Guler and Menendez, 2014) § A brief description of pre-signals: https://umtcresearch.wordpress.com/2016/05/17/pre-signals-for-transit- priority/ 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 33 Research Question What are the domains of application that these different transit preferential treatments should be used to minimize total person delay? Parameters to be taken into account: § Ratio of bus to auto passenger occupancy § Auto demand on the priority approach § Auto demand on the cross-street approaches § Green ratio of priority approach 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 34 Methodology Objective: Minimize total person delay at the intersection Assumptions: § Isolated signalized intersection § Undersaturated traffic conditions 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 35 Cumulative Number of Vehicles (Approach W) i i i ii i q1 s1 Approach 1 2 1 2 Time N i ii iii C C Approach Cumulative Number of W Vehicles (Approach N) ii i i ii q2 s2 1 2 1 2 Time i ii iii C C 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 36 Scenarios Compared 1. Mixed lanes with green extension and red truncation 2. Dedicated bus lane with green extension and red truncation 3. Pre-signal with green extension and red truncation at the main signal hp:// www.bikewalklincolnpark.com/ www.telegraph.co.uk 2011/11/bike-lanes-bus-lanes- www.th.gov.bc.ca democracy-in.html 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 37 Generic Intersection Maximum Green extension/red truncation= 15 sec Cycle length = 90 sec Priority Approach Cross- street Approach 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 38 Sensitivity Analysis: Auto Demand & Passenger Occupancy Assumption: all approaches have the same demand Ratio of Bus to Auto Passenger Occupancy ] 1 50 100 vph 300 950 Pre-signal with TSP Mixed Lanes with TSP Auto Demand per Approach [ Approach Demand Auto per 1600 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 39 Sensitivity Analysis: Auto Demand on Priority & Cross Streets Assumption: bus to auto passenger occupancy = 30 Auto Demand on Priority Approach [vph] ] 300 950 1600 vph 300 Mixed Lanes with 950 Pre-signalPre-signal with TSP with TSP TSP Mixed Lanes with TSP Auto Demand CrossStreetAuto on [ 1600 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 40 Sensitivity Analysis: Auto Demand & Green Ratio Assumptions: § all approaches have the same demand § ratio of bus to auto passenger occupancy = 30 Auto Demand per Approach [vph] 300 950 1600 0.30 MixedMixed LanesLanes withwith Pre-signal with TSP 0.45 Pre-signal with TSP TSPTSP 0.90 Green Ratio for Priority Approach Priority Green Ratio for 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 41 Conclusions § When pre-signal is combined with TSP, it performs identical to a dedicated bus lane with TSP in terms of bus delay. § The higher the ratio of bus to auto passenger occupancy the higher the need for pre-signals with TSP. § The higher the auto demand on the priority approach, the lower the need for pre-signals with TSP. § The higher the green ratio of the priority approach, the more likely it is that the mixed lanes with TSP will be minimizing the total person delay at the intersection. § The proposed method can be used to assess investment decisions for transit agencies and towns that are interested in improving their transit operations. 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 42 Next Steps Other Transit Preferential Treatments Impact of Bus Stops Viegas et al. (2007) www.mto.gov.on.ca 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 43 Questions? Eleni Christofa [email protected] S. Ilgin Guler [email protected] www.transportdeals.co.uk 2017 Innovation & Tech Transfer Exchange 44 .
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