Tymnet Is Born
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SDS 940 THEORY of OPERATION Technical Manual SDS 98 01 26A
SDS 940 THEORY OF OPERATION Technical Manual SDS 98 01 26A March 1967 SCIENTIFIC DATA SYSTEMS/1649 Seventeenth Street/Santa Monica, California/UP 1-0960 ® 1967 Scientific Data Systems, Inc. Printed in U. S. A. TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page I GENERAL DESCRIPTION ...•.••.•••••.••.••.•..•.••••• 1-1 1.1 General ................................... 1-1 1.2 Documentation .•...•..•.••..•••••••.•.••.••••• 1-1 1 .3 Physical Description ..•...•.••••.••..••••..••••. 1-2 1.4 Featu re s • . • . • • • • . • • • • • . • • . • . • . • • . • • • 1-2 1 .5 Input/Output Capabi I ity •.•....•.•.......•.....•.. 1-2 1 .5. 1 Parallel Input/Output System .•...•.....••..•. 1-6 1.5.1.1 Word Parallel System ...........•.. 1-6 1.5.1.2 Single-Bit Control and Sense System .... 1-8 1 .5.2 Time-Multiplexed Communication Channels .....•. 1-8 1 .5.3 Direct Memory Access System ............... 1-9 1.5.3.1 Direct Access Communication Channels •. 1-9 1.5.3.2 Data Multiplexing System ...•.....•. 1-10 1 .5.4 Priority Interrupt System . • . 1-10 1.5.4.1 Externa I Interrupt •..........•.... 1-11 1.5.4.2 Input/Output Channe I ..•..•.•••••. 1-12 1.5.4.3 Real-Time Clock •••.••.••••••••• 1-12 1 .6 Input/Output Devices •..•..••.••.••.••.•••••..•. 1-12 1 .6. 1 Buffered Input/Output Devices ..••.••.•.•••.•• 1-12 1.6.2 Unbuffered Input/Output Devices ••••..••••..•• 1-14 II OPERATION AND PROGRAMMING •..•••••.••.•..•....••. 2-1 2. 1 General .•..•.......•......•..............•. 2-1 2.2 Chang i ng Operat ion Modes •.•.••.••.•••.•..•..•.•• 2-2 2.3 Modes of Operation •..••.••.••.••..••••..••••••• 2-2 2.3. 1 Normal Mode .••••••••••••••••••••.••••• 2-2 2.3.1.1 Interrupt Rout i ne Return Instru ction .•.•. 2-3 2.3.1.2 Overflow Instructions ...••..•••••• 2-3 2.3.1.3 Mode Change Instruction ....••.•..• 2-3 2.3.1.4 Data Mu Itiplex Channe I Interlace Word •. -
An Interview With
An Interview with WARREN PRINCE OH 413 Conducted by Jeffrey R. Yost on 4 April 2012 Computer Services Project Sunnyvale, California Charles Babbage Institute Center for the History of Information Technology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Copyright, Charles Babbage Institute Warren Prince Interview 4 April 2012 Oral History 413 Abstract Warren Prince was an executive at Tymshare and served as the leader of TYMNET. He served on the management team at McDonnell Douglas after it acquired TYMNET. The interview concentrates on TYMNET’s history and explaining and providing context to some of the documents he provided for the interview. 2 Prince: So will you produce the chapter in your book out of audio? I’ve got a bunch of papers that might be of interest or might not. Yost: Terrific, I would. Prince: Because it kind of shows; first, on the TYMNET side it shows the growth of it and really, the initial problems of it, which graphically shows it instead of saying it. And then the McDonnell Douglas part. Anyway, we can get into that when the time comes. Yost: Sounds good. My name is Jeffrey Yost, from the Charles Babbage Institute at the University of Minnesota, and I’m here today on April 4th, 2012, with Warren Prince of Tymshare and TYMNET. I’d like to begin just with some brief biographical stuff. Could you tell me where you were born, where you grew up? Prince: Born in Walnut Creek, California but grew up mostly in Arizona; Glendale, Arizona. And went through; started at the University of Arizona, and then joined the Army. -
The Great Telecom Meltdown for a Listing of Recent Titles in the Artech House Telecommunications Library, Turn to the Back of This Book
The Great Telecom Meltdown For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Telecommunications Library, turn to the back of this book. The Great Telecom Meltdown Fred R. Goldstein a r techhouse. com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Goldstein, Fred R. The great telecom meltdown.—(Artech House telecommunications Library) 1. Telecommunication—History 2. Telecommunciation—Technological innovations— History 3. Telecommunication—Finance—History I. Title 384’.09 ISBN 1-58053-939-4 Cover design by Leslie Genser © 2005 ARTECH HOUSE, INC. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-939-4 10987654321 Contents ix Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC) Gave Cable Providers an Advantage on “Triple Play” 122 RBOCs Took the Threat Seriously 123 Hybrid Fiber-Coax Is Developed 123 Cable Modems -
The People Who Invented the Internet Source: Wikipedia's History of the Internet
The People Who Invented the Internet Source: Wikipedia's History of the Internet PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 22 Sep 2012 02:49:54 UTC Contents Articles History of the Internet 1 Barry Appelman 26 Paul Baran 28 Vint Cerf 33 Danny Cohen (engineer) 41 David D. Clark 44 Steve Crocker 45 Donald Davies 47 Douglas Engelbart 49 Charles M. Herzfeld 56 Internet Engineering Task Force 58 Bob Kahn 61 Peter T. Kirstein 65 Leonard Kleinrock 66 John Klensin 70 J. C. R. Licklider 71 Jon Postel 77 Louis Pouzin 80 Lawrence Roberts (scientist) 81 John Romkey 84 Ivan Sutherland 85 Robert Taylor (computer scientist) 89 Ray Tomlinson 92 Oleg Vishnepolsky 94 Phil Zimmermann 96 References Article Sources and Contributors 99 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 102 Article Licenses License 103 History of the Internet 1 History of the Internet The history of the Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. This began with point-to-point communication between mainframe computers and terminals, expanded to point-to-point connections between computers and then early research into packet switching. Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks. In 1982 the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) was standardized and the concept of a world-wide network of fully interconnected TCP/IP networks called the Internet was introduced. -
The Great Telecom Meltdown
4 The Internet Boom and the Limits to Growth Nothing says “meltdown” quite like “Internet.” For although the boom and crash cycle had many things feeding it, the Internet was at its heart. The Internet created demand for telecommunications; along the way, it helped create an expectation of demand that did not materialize. The Internet’s commercializa- tion and rapid growth led to a supply of “dotcom” vendors; that led to an expec- tation of customers that did not materialize. But the Internet itself was not at fault. The Internet, after all, was not one thing at all; as its name implies, it was a concatenation [1] of networks, under separate ownership, connected by an understanding that each was more valuable because it was able to connect to the others. That value was not reduced by the mere fact that many people overesti- mated it. The ARPAnet Was a Seminal Research Network The origins of the Internet are usually traced to the ARPAnet, an experimental network created by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, a unit of the U.S. Department of Defense, in conjunction with academic and commercial contrac- tors. The ARPAnet began as a small research project in the 1960s. It was pio- neering packet-switching technology, the sending of blocks of data between computers. The telephone network was well established and improving rapidly, though by today’s standards it was rather primitive—digital transmission and switching were yet to come. But the telephone network was not well suited to the bursty nature of data. 57 58 The Great Telecom Meltdown A number of individuals and companies played a crucial role in the ARPAnet’s early days [2]. -
Notes on the History of Fork-And-Join Linus Nyman and Mikael Laakso Hanken School of Economics
Notes on the history of fork-and-join Linus Nyman and Mikael Laakso Hanken School of Economics As part of a PhD on code forking in open source software, Linus Nyman looked into the origins of how the practice came to be called forking.1 This search led back to the early history of the fork system call. Having not previously seen such a history published, this anecdote looks back at the birth of the fork system call to share what was learned, as remembered by its pioneers. The fork call allows a process (or running program) to create new processes. The original is deemed the parent process and the newly created one its child. On multiprocessor systems, these processes can run concurrently in parallel.2 Since its birth 50 years ago, the fork has remained a central element of modern computing, both with regards to software development principles and, by extension, to hardware design, which increasingly accommodates parallelism in process execution. The fork system call is imagined The year was 1962. Melvin Conway, later to become known for “Conway’s Law,”3 was troubled by what seemed an unnecessary inefficiency in computing. As Conway recalls:4 I was in the US Air Force at the time – involved with computer procurement – and I noticed that no vendor was distinguishing between “processor” and “process.” That is, when a proposal involved a multiprocessor design, each processor was committed to a single process. By late 1962, Conway had begun contemplating the idea of using a record to carry the status of a process. -
A History of the Personal Computer Index/11
A History of the Personal Computer 6100 CPU. See Intersil Index 6501 and 6502 microprocessor. See MOS Legend: Chap.#/Page# of Chap. 6502 BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. Languages -- Numerals -- 7000 copier. See Xerox/Misc. 3 E-Z Pieces software, 13/20 8000 microprocessors. See 3-Plus-1 software. See Intel/Microprocessors Commodore 8010 “Star” Information 3Com Corporation, 12/15, System. See Xerox/Comp. 12/27, 16/17, 17/18, 17/20 8080 and 8086 BASIC. See 3M company, 17/5, 17/22 Microsoft/Prog. Languages 3P+S board. See Processor 8514/A standard, 20/6 Technology 9700 laser printing system. 4K BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. See Xerox/Misc. Languages 16032 and 32032 micro/p. See 4th Dimension. See ACI National Semiconductor 8/16 magazine, 18/5 65802 and 65816 micro/p. See 8/16-Central, 18/5 Western Design Center 8K BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. 68000 series of micro/p. See Languages Motorola 20SC hard drive. See Apple 80000 series of micro/p. See Computer/Accessories Intel/Microprocessors 64 computer. See Commodore 88000 micro/p. See Motorola 80 Microcomputing magazine, 18/4 --A-- 80-103A modem. See Hayes A Programming lang. See APL 86-DOS. See Seattle Computer A+ magazine, 18/5 128EX/2 computer. See Video A.P.P.L.E. (Apple Pugetsound Technology Program Library Exchange) 386i personal computer. See user group, 18/4, 19/17 Sun Microsystems Call-A.P.P.L.E. magazine, 432 microprocessor. See 18/4 Intel/Microprocessors A2-Central newsletter, 18/5 603/4 Electronic Multiplier. Abacus magazine, 18/8 See IBM/Computer (mainframe) ABC (Atanasoff-Berry 660 computer. -
The Computer History Simulation Project
The Computer History Simulation Project The Computer History Simulation Project The Computer History Simulation Project is a loose Internet-based collective of people interested in restoring historically significant computer hardware and software systems by simulation. The goal of the project is to create highly portable system simulators and to publish them as freeware on the Internet, with freely available copies of significant or representative software. Simulators SIMH is a highly portable, multi-system simulator. ● Download the latest sources for SIMH (V3.5-1 updated 15-Oct-2005 - see change log). ● Download a zip file containing Windows executables for all the SIMH simulators. The VAX and PDP-11 are compiled without Ethernet support. Versions with Ethernet support are available here. If you download the executables, you should download the source archive as well, as it contains the documentation and other supporting files. ● If your host system is Alpha/VMS, and you want Ethernet support, you need to download the VMS Pcap library and execlet here. SIMH implements simulators for: ● Data General Nova, Eclipse ● Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-1, PDP-4, PDP-7, PDP-8, PDP-9, PDP-10, PDP-11, PDP- 15, VAX ● GRI Corporation GRI-909 ● IBM 1401, 1620, 1130, System 3 ● Interdata (Perkin-Elmer) 16b and 32b systems ● Hewlett-Packard 2116, 2100, 21MX ● Honeywell H316/H516 ● MITS Altair 8800, with both 8080 and Z80 ● Royal-Mcbee LGP-30, LGP-21 ● Scientific Data Systems SDS 940 Also available is a collection of tools for manipulating simulator file formats and for cross- assembling code for the PDP-1, PDP-7, PDP-8, and PDP-11. -
Tymshare Tymnet Passport 1984
INTRODUCTION This 17 a directory of Tyrnnc~cusromers who offer computrr and data servlccs throuph thcTYMNET" puhlicdata communications nctwork. It ~nclude~only sr~bscrlherrwho choow to he l~~tcdfor public rercrcncc. Customers whose facilbtier are solely lor intcrnal use are not included. The first qection, TYMNET Suhrcr~hers.'Fislscustomers in alphlihetical order. wtlh hnef dcscriplions ofthcbr orpanlratlonr and nfCcrinps. Each entry tncludes an address, telephone number, and contact person, and the computer%rhrouph whlch thc cu~tomcr'rservice< arc provided. The iecnnd and zhlrd section<, 'f1:tta Raws Avallahle Through TYMNET'and 'Major Appltcatlons :Software Facilit~e~Avallahle Throuph TYMN FT.'cenc US quick rderencc puidcs to the k~nd\of ~nforrnationnnd serviccf ofkrcd hy TY MVF't suhscrihets. Further ~nlorrnat~rmabout specific computcr scrviccr and data base'; may bc obtained from thc rcspectlve orptni7a1inns that provlrlc them. These compurer-based senice? can be acccssed w~tha local telephone call in huntlrcd\ of metropolltan area5 in he United State\ and morc than 60Corergn countries In almost all other counrricr, accers 1s available viaTclcx Acces~lo a \vcific ~ubscribcr5systcm must be authori~edhy thar wb$crrber. TYMNET A McOunnell Douglas Company 2710 Orchard Parkway ;,?'YMNET, Inc . 1984 L~thorn U S A San Jose. Calrfornla 95134 The 2400 bpsDifference ---- . lnmrn! nn-Pnc de:rbnam a! nunin-s nm- MORE FOR LmS. AWD 15H7Mbf WHAT lo~lt-ra.And tr10leogsr Ikr auslaan, the m'9 4LL ABOI1T7 qm+tsr lhe p~Mlorol*dllg'l In tlrnc- Go1 gr urr,!? for Snlrn lmn mon?v pr;7:!TFD ir,lqKECT mnrn lt>fo-~tW~nrng:,r!l,nrl F;\lrvFA YPEv::.I: :YMW ?40ohp- DIRAID b?-~:r An-! 1b:~I,7 13t1.1 ?1M b.'rrtnrn.: TYWVCi W ~lll-fly.lyh=%:;t.~~P O~::LI<~~FL< ..,,- ,,,., ,.: rprl!r IIPW w,,rb. -
Are Central to Operating Systems As They Provide an Efficient Way for the Operating System to Interact and React to Its Environment
1 www.onlineeducation.bharatsevaksamaj.net www.bssskillmission.in OPERATING SYSTEMS DESIGN Topic Objective: At the end of this topic student will be able to understand: Understand the operating system Understand the Program execution Understand the Interrupts Understand the Supervisor mode Understand the Memory management Understand the Virtual memory Understand the Multitasking Definition/Overview: An operating system: An operating system (commonly abbreviated to either OS or O/S) is an interface between hardware and applications; it is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the limited resources of the computer. The operating system acts as a host for applications that are run on the machine. Program execution: The operating system acts as an interface between an application and the hardware. Interrupts: InterruptsWWW.BSSVE.IN are central to operating systems as they provide an efficient way for the operating system to interact and react to its environment. Supervisor mode: Modern CPUs support something called dual mode operation. CPUs with this capability use two modes: protected mode and supervisor mode, which allow certain CPU functions to be controlled and affected only by the operating system kernel. Here, protected mode does not refer specifically to the 80286 (Intel's x86 16-bit microprocessor) CPU feature, although its protected mode is very similar to it. Memory management: Among other things, a multiprogramming operating system kernel must be responsible for managing all system memory which is currently in use by programs. www.bsscommunitycollege.in www.bssnewgeneration.in www.bsslifeskillscollege.in 2 www.onlineeducation.bharatsevaksamaj.net www.bssskillmission.in Key Points: 1. -
An Interview With
An Interview with RONALD W. BRANIFF OH 449 Conducted by Jeffrey R. Yost on 5 April 2012 Computer Services Project San Francisco, California Charles Babbage Institute Center for the History of Information Technology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Copyright, Charles Babbage Institute Ronald W. Braniff Interview 5 April 2012 Oral History 449 Abstract Ron Braniff joined Tymshare near the start as a salesman and went on to be a sales manager and held executive roles with the firm. He discusses sales organization, changing customer base, TYMNET, competitors, acquisitions, and other aspects of Tymshare’s technology and management. 2 Yost: My name is Jeffrey Yost, from the Charles Babbage Institute at the University of Minnesota, and I’m here in San Francisco today on April 5th, 2012, with Ron Braniff, doing an oral history on the history of Tymshare. Ron, can you begin by just giving me a little background; where you were born, where you grew up? Braniff: Sure. I was born and raised in Oregon. I spent the first few years of my life in a small town east of Portland, called Hood River. And then during the Second World War, lived in Vancouver, Washington, where my parents worked in a shipyard. Then we moved after the war to the southern part of the state; and from there, I went back to the middle part of the state to go to college. Went to engineering school at Oregon State University; and then three years in the Air Force in the aerospace world; then four years with IBM and met Tom O’Rourke. -
Timesharing and Remote Processing Services Meeting Session #6
Timesharing/Professional Services Workshop: Session 6: Technology: Later Development Moderator: Burton Grad Recorded: June 3, 2009 Mountain View, California CHM Reference number: X5386.2009 © 2009 Computer History Museum Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 4 TYMSHARE AFTER THE EARLY 1970S................................................................................... 4 TYMSHARE ACQUISITIONS IN THE 1970S ............................................................................. 7 TYMSHARE TECHNOLOGY CHANGES IN THE 1970S ..........................................................12 TYMSHARE REVENUES IN THE 1970S ..................................................................................14 COMSHARE AFTER THE EARLY 1970S .................................................................................16 COMSHARE’S TRANSITION FROM TIMESHARING TO SOFTWARE PRODUCTS ...............19 INTERACTIVE DATA CORPORATION AFTER THE EARLY 1970 ..........................................22 INTERACTIVE DATA CORPORATION REVENUES IN THE 1970S ........................................23 NATIONAL CSS AFTER THE EARLY 1970S ...........................................................................25 NATIONAL CSS TECHNOLOGY CHANGES IN THE 1970S....................................................29 GE INFORMATION SERVICES AFTER THE EARLY 1970S ...................................................34 ONLINE BUSINESS SYSTEMS AFTER THE EARLY 1970S