Two Case Studies in Self-Determination: the Rock and the Bailiwick
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Empire and English Nationalismn
Nations and Nationalism 12 (1), 2006, 1–13. r ASEN 2006 Empire and English nationalismn KRISHAN KUMAR Department of Sociology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA Empire and nation: foes or friends? It is more than pious tribute to the great scholar whom we commemorate today that makes me begin with Ernest Gellner. For Gellner’s influential thinking on nationalism, and specifically of its modernity, is central to the question I wish to consider, the relation between nation and empire, and between imperial and national identity. For Gellner, as for many other commentators, nation and empire were and are antithetical. The great empires of the past belonged to the species of the ‘agro-literate’ society, whose central fact is that ‘almost everything in it militates against the definition of political units in terms of cultural bound- aries’ (Gellner 1983: 11; see also Gellner 1998: 14–24). Power and culture go their separate ways. The political form of empire encloses a vastly differ- entiated and internally hierarchical society in which the cosmopolitan culture of the rulers differs sharply from the myriad local cultures of the subordinate strata. Modern empires, such as the Soviet empire, continue this pattern of disjuncture between the dominant culture of the elites and the national or ethnic cultures of the constituent parts. Nationalism, argues Gellner, closes the gap. It insists that the only legitimate political unit is one in which rulers and ruled share the same culture. Its ideal is one state, one culture. Or, to put it another way, its ideal is the national or the ‘nation-state’, since it conceives of the nation essentially in terms of a shared culture linking all members. -
BRITISH AFRICA 1955-1959 INTERNAL AFFAIRS Decimal Numbers 745,745B-X, 845, 845B-X, 945, and 945C-X and FOREIGN AFFAIRS Decimal Numbers 645, 645C-W, And611.45C-W
A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files BRITISHAFRICA INTERNAL AFFAIRS and FOREIGN AFFAIRS 1955-1959 UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files BRITISH AFRICA 1955-1959 INTERNAL AFFAIRS Decimal Numbers 745,745B-X, 845, 845B-X, 945, and 945C-X and FOREIGN AFFAIRS Decimal Numbers 645, 645C-W, and611.45C-W Project Coordinator Gregory Murphy Guide compiled by Blair D. Hydrlck A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Catatoging-in-Publlcatlon Data Confidential U.S. State Department central files. British Africa, 1955-1959 [microform]: internal affairs, decimal numbers 745, 745B-X, 845,845B-X, 945, and 945C-X, and foreign affairs, decimal numbers 645,645C-W, and 611.45C-W / [project coordinator, Gregory Murphy], microfilm reels Accompanied by printed reel guide compiled by Blair D. Hydrick. Includes index. ISBN 1-55655-407-9 (microfilm) 1. Great Britain-Colonies-Africa-History-Sources. 2. Africa, Sub-Saharan-History-1884-1960~Sources. 3. United States. Dept. of State-Archives. I. Murphy, Gregory, 1960- . II. Hydrick, Blair. III. United States. Dept. of State. IV. University Publications of America (Firm) [DT32.5] 327.7306~dc20 92-33238 CIP The documents reproduced in this publication are among the records of the U.S. Department of State in the custody of the National Archives of the United States. No copyright is claimed in these official U.S. government records. Compilation ° 1991 by University Publications of America. -
Report British Togoland
c. 452 (b). M. 166 (b). 1925. VI. Geneva, September 3rd, 1925. REPORTS OF MANDATORY POWERS Submitted to the Council of the League of Nations in Accordance with Article 2 2 of the Covenant and considered by the Permanent Mandates Commission at its Sixth Session (June-July 1 9 2 5 J. VI REPORT BY HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY’S GOVERNMENT ON THE ADMINISTRATION UNDER MANDATE OF BRITISH TOGOLAND FOR THE YEAR 1924 SOCIÉTÉ DES NATIONS — LEAGUE OF NATIONS GENÈVE — 1925 ---- GENEVA NOTES BY THE SECRETARIAT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS This edition of the reports submitted to the Council of the League of Nations by the Mandatory Powers under Article 22 of the Covenant is published in exe cution of the following resolution adopted by the Assembly on September 22nd, 1924, at its Fifth Session : “ The Assembly . requests that the reports of the Mandat ory Powders should be distributed to the States Members of the League of Nations and placed at the disposal of the public wrho may desire to purchase them. ” The reports have generally been reproduced as received by the Secretariat. In certain cases, however, it has been decided to omit in this new edition certain legislative and other texts appearing as annexes, and maps and photographs contained in the original edition published by the Mandatory Power. Such omissions are indicated by notes by the Secretariat. The annual report on the administration of Togoland under British mandate for the year 1924 was received by the Secretariat on June 15th, 1925, and examined by the Permanent Mandates Commission on July 6th, 1925, in the presence of the accredited representative of the British Government, Captain E. -
Country Coding Units
INSTITUTE Country Coding Units v11.1 - March 2021 Copyright © University of Gothenburg, V-Dem Institute All rights reserved Suggested citation: Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, and Lisa Gastaldi. 2021. ”V-Dem Country Coding Units v11.1” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. Funders: We are very grateful for our funders’ support over the years, which has made this ven- ture possible. To learn more about our funders, please visit: https://www.v-dem.net/en/about/ funders/ For questions: [email protected] 1 Contents Suggested citation: . .1 1 Notes 7 1.1 ”Country” . .7 2 Africa 9 2.1 Central Africa . .9 2.1.1 Cameroon (108) . .9 2.1.2 Central African Republic (71) . .9 2.1.3 Chad (109) . .9 2.1.4 Democratic Republic of the Congo (111) . .9 2.1.5 Equatorial Guinea (160) . .9 2.1.6 Gabon (116) . .9 2.1.7 Republic of the Congo (112) . 10 2.1.8 Sao Tome and Principe (196) . 10 2.2 East/Horn of Africa . 10 2.2.1 Burundi (69) . 10 2.2.2 Comoros (153) . 10 2.2.3 Djibouti (113) . 10 2.2.4 Eritrea (115) . 10 2.2.5 Ethiopia (38) . 10 2.2.6 Kenya (40) . 11 2.2.7 Malawi (87) . 11 2.2.8 Mauritius (180) . 11 2.2.9 Rwanda (129) . 11 2.2.10 Seychelles (199) . 11 2.2.11 Somalia (130) . 11 2.2.12 Somaliland (139) . 11 2.2.13 South Sudan (32) . 11 2.2.14 Sudan (33) . -
University of Huddersfield Repository
University of Huddersfield Repository Ward, Paul The end of Britishness? A historical perspective Original Citation Ward, Paul (2009) The end of Britishness? A historical perspective. British Politics Review, 4 (3). p. 3. ISSN 1890-4505 This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/7726/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ British Politics Review Journal of the British Politics Society, Norway Volume 4 | No. 3 | Summer 2009 The Britishness debate Identity issues in a contested United Kingdom CONTRIBUTORS Paul Ward • Arthur Aughey • Christopher Bryant • Vron Ware Espen Kallevik • Dana Arnold • Kristin M. Haugevik British Politics Review Editorial Volume 4 | No. 3 | Summer 2009 Identity in an age of uncertainty ISSN 1890-4505 Questioning national identity is a sign of our times. -
Uti Possidetis Juris, and the Borders of Israel
PALESTINE, UTI POSSIDETIS JURIS, AND THE BORDERS OF ISRAEL Abraham Bell* & Eugene Kontorovich** Israel’s borders and territorial scope are a source of seemingly endless debate. Remarkably, despite the intensity of the debates, little attention has been paid to the relevance of the doctrine of uti possidetis juris to resolving legal aspects of the border dispute. Uti possidetis juris is widely acknowledged as the doctrine of customary international law that is central to determining territorial sovereignty in the era of decolonization. The doctrine provides that emerging states presumptively inherit their pre-independence administrative boundaries. Applied to the case of Israel, uti possidetis juris would dictate that Israel inherit the boundaries of the Mandate of Palestine as they existed in May, 1948. The doctrine would thus support Israeli claims to any or all of the currently hotly disputed areas of Jerusalem (including East Jerusalem), the West Bank, and even potentially the Gaza Strip (though not the Golan Heights). TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 634 I. THE DOCTRINE OF UTI POSSIDETIS JURIS ........................................................... 640 A. Development of the Doctrine ..................................................................... 640 B. Applying the Doctrine ................................................................................ 644 II. UTI POSSIDETIS JURIS AND MANDATORY BORDERS ........................................ -
British Southern Cameroon (Anglophone)
American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2021 American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) e-ISSN :2378-703X Volume-5, Issue-4, pp-555-560 www.ajhssr.com Research Paper Open Access British Southern Cameroon (Anglophone) Crisis in Cameroon and British (Western) Togoland Movement in Ghana: Comparing two Post-Independence separatist conflicts in Africa Joseph LonNfi, Christian Pagbe Musah The University of Bamenda, Cameroon ABSTRACT: The UN trust territories of British Togoland and British Southern Cameroons at independence and following UN organised plebiscites, choose to gain independence by joining the Republic of Ghana and the Republic of Cameroon in 1955 and 1961 respectively. Today, some indigenes of the two territories are protesting against the unions and are advocating separation. This study, based on secondary sources, examines the similarities and differences between the two secession movements arguing that their similar colonial history played in favour of today’s conflicts and that the violent, bloody and more advanced conflict in Cameroon is inspiring the movement in favour of an independent Western Togoland in Ghana. It reveals that colonial identities are unfortunately still very strong in Africa and may continue to obstruct political integration on the continent for a long time. Key Words: Anglophones, Cameroon, Ghana, Secession, Togolanders, I. INTRODUCTION In July1884, Germany annexed Togoland and Kamerun (Cameroon). When the First World War started in Europe, Anglo-French forces invaded Togoland and Cameroon and defeated German troops in these colonies. In 1916, Togoland was partitioned into British Togoland and French Togoland while Cameroon was also partitioned like Togoland into two unequal portions of British Cameroons and French Cameroun. -
Chapter 3 Poetics of the Shipping Forecast
chapter 3 Poetics of the Shipping Forecast Sanna Nyqvist Abstract This essay investigates the intertextual manifestations of radio shipping forecasts in fiction, poetry and non- fiction from the United Kingdom, Ireland, Sweden and Finland. The literary adaptations and appropriations of the functional meteor- ological report often retain its peculiar melodic character that results from the compressed, elliptic listing of observations or warnings. In the listening experience evoked by many authors the relative safety of the radio listener’s everyday surround- ings contrasts with the threat of gales and harsh conditions for seafarers. A compar- ative analysis shows that despite the insularity of the shipping forecast as a cultural phenomenon, the “literature of the shipping forecast” is surprisingly similar in dif- ferent countries, exploring the same themes of nostalgia, loss of signification and definition of borders. The essay also investigates how the shipping forecast inevitably evokes questions of territorial conquest and exclusion of others, and how its literary adaptations tend to bracket the natural phenomena that are the very raison d’être of the shipping forecast. The shipping forecast is a curious radio broadcast. Issuing gale warnings for seafarers and communicating weather information from coastal stations, it is reminiscent of a time when reliable and up- to- date weather reports were avail- able only through radio. Nowadays, professional mariners as well as pleasure boaters get the necessary weather information through modern wireless tech- nologies, and the shipping forecast has become a relic in the radio’s programme schedule. Most of the avid listeners to the radio’s shipping forecast do not need the information it conveys: they are safely situated inland, far away from the rough seas and gushing winds. -
Table 2. Geographic Areas, and Biography
Table 2. Geographic Areas, and Biography The following numbers are never used alone, but may be used as required (either directly when so noted or through the interposition of notation 09 from Table 1) with any number from the schedules, e.g., public libraries (027.4) in Japan (—52 in this table): 027.452; railroad transportation (385) in Brazil (—81 in this table): 385.0981. They may also be used when so noted with numbers from other tables, e.g., notation 025 from Table 1. When adding to a number from the schedules, always insert a decimal point between the third and fourth digits of the complete number SUMMARY —001–009 Standard subdivisions —1 Areas, regions, places in general; oceans and seas —2 Biography —3 Ancient world —4 Europe —5 Asia —6 Africa —7 North America —8 South America —9 Australasia, Pacific Ocean islands, Atlantic Ocean islands, Arctic islands, Antarctica, extraterrestrial worlds —001–008 Standard subdivisions —009 History If “history” or “historical” appears in the heading for the number to which notation 009 could be added, this notation is redundant and should not be used —[009 01–009 05] Historical periods Do not use; class in base number —[009 1–009 9] Geographic treatment and biography Do not use; class in —1–9 —1 Areas, regions, places in general; oceans and seas Not limited by continent, country, locality Class biography regardless of area, region, place in —2; class specific continents, countries, localities in —3–9 > —11–17 Zonal, physiographic, socioeconomic regions Unless other instructions are given, class -
Who Feels Scottish? National Identities and Ethnicity in Scotland
August 2014 DYNAMICS OF DIVERSITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE 2011 CENSUS ESRC Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE) Who feels Scottish? National identities and ethnicity in Scotland Summary • 83% of Scotland’s residents feel Scottish. • About 25% of Scotland’s residents born outside Scotland • 61% of Scotland’s residents identify as being of White do feel Scottish, and this is no less for those from South Scottish ethnicity and feel Scottish is their only national and East Asia, Africa and the Middle East, than it is for identity. A further 22% are from other ethnic groups and those born in England or other parts of Europe. About a feel they have a Scottish national identity, or are White third of Scotland’s residents born in North America, the Scottish whose Scottishness is combined with British or Old Commonwealth and Western Europe feel Scottish. other national identities. • The Polish ethnic group, who have recently had the • Catholics, Protestants and those of no religion share highest migration rates into Scotland, expressed most similar levels of commitment to a Scottish only national affiliation to a non-UK identity only (80%). identity, while two-thirds of Muslims in Scotland identify • For other groups, including Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, as Scottish or British. Africans, Indians and Chinese, British only was chosen • The ‘White: Other British’ are the largest ethnic minority in as frequently as Scottish only. This perhaps reflects the Scotland, and the ethnic group least likely to feel Scottish emphasis on Britishness in citizenship regulations, and national identity (11% feel Scottish, with or without other was also found in England where minorities identified identities). -
Debate on 19Th June: Britishness
Debate on 19th June: Britishness This Library Note aims to provide background information for the debate to be held on Thursday 19th June: “To call attention to the concept of Britishness in the context of the cultural, historical, constitutional and ethical tradition of the peoples of these islands” This Note provides an overview of the various debates that have taken place on the concept of Britishness. These include historical accounts, current commentaries and research into public attitudes. The Note also considers various Government proposals regarding British citizenship, shared values and rights and responsibilities, along with reaction to these proposals. Ian Cruse 16th June 2008 LLN 2008/015 House of Lords Library Notes are compiled for the benefit of Members of Parliament and their personal staff. Authors are available to discuss the contents of the Notes with the Members and their staff but cannot advise members of the general public. Any comments on Library Notes should be sent to the Head of Research Services, House of Lords Library, London SW1A 0PW or emailed to [email protected]. Table of Contents 1. The Backdrop to Debates on Britishness, National Identity and Citizenship ................ 1 1.1 The Concept of National Identity ............................................................................. 1 1.2 Britishness as a Historical Phenomenon ................................................................. 1 1.3 Britishness as a Social and Legal Construct—British Citizenship ........................... 2 1.4 -
Britishness and Problems of Authenticity in Post-Union Literature from Addison to Macpherson
"Where are the originals?" Britishness and problems of authenticity in post-Union literature from Addison to Macpherson. Melvin Eugene Kersey III Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. University of Leeds, School of English September 2001 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his/her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been possible without the generous help, encouragement and support of many people. My research has benefited beyond reckoning from the supervision of Professor David Fairer, whose inspired scholarship has never interfered with his commitment to my research. It is difficult to know whether to thank or to curse Professor Andrew Wawn for introducing me to James Macpherson's Ossianic poetry during my MA at Leeds, but at any rate I am now doubly indebted to him for his insightful reading of a chapter of this thesis. I am also grateful to Professor Paul Hammond for his enormously helpful comments and suggestions on another chapter. And despite the necessary professional distance which an internal examiner must maintain, I have still enjoyed the benevolent proximity effect of Professor Edward Larrissy. I am grateful to Sue Baker and the administrative staff of the School of English for providing me with employment and moral support during this thesis, especially Pamela Rhodes. Special thanks to the inestimable help, friendship and rigorous mind of Dr. Michael Brown, and to Professor Terence and Sue Brown for their repeated generous hospitality in Dublin.