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Martinjulseth 2011Mtour.Pdf (5.159Mb) Towards an Ecological Consciousness A qualitative narrative of a research journey A mosaic of the research journey in the shape and form of the mountain Stetind Martin Julseth Department of Tourism University of Otago March 2011 A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Tourism at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Abstract Towards an ecological consciousness A qualitative narrative of a research journey My overall aim with this Masters thesis is to create an understanding of the need for social change and inspire individuals and communities to think and live nature- friendly (Schostak & Schostak, 2008). This perspective has evolved from a qualitative case study of a specific approach to addressing the human-nature relationship. My case study is The Joy of Living Nature-friendly, an approach that came to be through The Stetind Project in Norway. “Central to this project is the belief that it is possible to change the ways in which we think and act, in particular by focusing on deep joy as an impetus for inspiration and change” (Council for Eco-philosophy, 2009, home page: project description). Through my research journey I have experienced a change in the way I think about the world around me and how I relate to it. Through this process I have developed my ecological self (Naess, 1989). I understand this, a development of an ecological consciousness, as the essence of what The Stetind Project is aiming for through the Joy of Living Nature-friendly. This Masters is a reflexive narrative that unfolds the process I have gone through to exemplify how the case study has functioned as my change agent (Dillow, 2009; Ellis & Bochner, 2000). The material that the qualitative case study is based on is the sum of texts and events that have been interpreted in light of the context. The narrative has an emerging design inspired by the concept of a qualitative bricoleur that “edits and puts slices of reality together” to form a holistic understanding of the information at hand (Denzin & Lincoln, 2003, p 7). I have done this through active engagement with my research and by collecting empirical material that has been stitched together to represent different elements of the research process (Denzin & Lincoln, 2005). The pieces of empirical material are reflected upon in light of an holistic understanding of the case as well as my research journey. The Masters thesis can therefore be seen as an ongoing hermeneutic process (Strong, Pyle, deVries, Johnston, and Foskett, 2008). iii Through my personal involvement and engagement I am aiming at conveying the experiences and the research process that changed my way of thinking. I use the deep questioning model from the Deep Ecology Movement to derive my own integrated approach to how I think about the world and how this way of thinking can be lived out (Naess, 1989). This surfaced as my personal eco-philosophy: Ecosophy M. The different levels of deep questioning are based on my fundamental norm: Relational Empathy! Through an explicit narrative of how I developed an ecological consciousness I hope to inspire you to reflect upon your own way of being in the world: how you relate to people, living beings, places and the ecosystems they form as parts of the ecosphere (Ellis, 2002; Ellis, 2009; Ellis & Bochner, 2000). iv Acknowledgements This Masters narrative is a result of a good process, but as my grandmother used to say: “all good things have to hurt a bit”. And it has been painful at times. To get through the tough times there has been plenty of support. My main source of inspiration and encouragement has been experiences in and with nature. Sounds a bit out-there, but I have been quite a bit out-there – in the outdoors. Together with this vitality from the Earth Being, the energy and spirits of the people around me have given me the necessary boost to get through it all. The same people have also been there to share all the good times – from surf to summit, in the north and the south. Thanks! You know who you are. More specifically, my Primary Supervisor James Higham has followed all stages of my Masters narrative as well as my research journey as a whole. Your reflections and advice combined with a playful attitude and belief in the process has been crucial. Cheers mate, you have kept me on course with wind in my sails. My trusted Advisor Mike Boyes has added quality expertise to the team. Your attention to detail have corrected the course of my research journey and this has greatly strengthened the process. I am also very grateful for all the work Di and Helen have done, are doing, and will be doing behind the scenes. There would not be any research journey to speak of without you. Leading to this Masters narrative was a phenomenal year of Postgraduate studies in Dunedin, New Zealand at The University of Otago. My physical journey merged with the educational journey producing synergies in abundance. This was the confluence of The Geography Department, Outdoor Education, The Centre for Science Communication, and last but not least The Department of Tourism. Together this created a network for creative and energetic individuals and perspectives. A big thanks to all who contributed. v Working hard, but playing even harder: The Beach House crew was the epic core, the St Clair community made it happen and the Kilda crew created the scene. The Engströms, Gladstone Road and the Thompsons became my extended family and made NZ a home. The tribespeople and friends of African Innovation helped me take my journey to a new level. Cheers to all involved! The later phase of my work would have dragged out if it were not for the facilities provided in the office-landscape in Hillevåg. Peter, I appreciate your perspective on things. The same goes for Alf and Pøbelskipet T/S Prolific. You are creating a smooth and inspiring transition from theory to practice: prolific times ahead. At the end of the day, blood is thicker than water. Big hugs to Annicken and the crew. You know why. Family is family, and the journey could not have happened without the support of my mom, dad and brother – and initially my grandfather. Your understanding and support has been key at different stages. Armand, your personality and spirit made it all happen. This lives on. Mom and Dad: thanks for your understanding, and for trying to understand the not so understandable, and acting like you understood what you did not want to understand. This goes a long way, and hopefully your investments in me will do the same. Brother, your trust in me and full- hearted love is infinite. The time and effort you have invested in my work is prodigious. I mean it. Hands down. Takk for alt! vi *** Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever. *** Mahatma Gandhi vii viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS V TABLE OF CONTENTS IX LIST OF TABLES XII LIST OF FIGURES XII Part One: Introduction 1 1.1 Preamble 1 1.2 Navigating this narrative 3 1.3 The general context 4 1.4 The main themes 6 1.4.1 The ecological self 6 1.4.2 The Stetind Project 8 Part Two: The research journey 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 A qualitative inquiry 12 2.2.1 Epistemology 13 2.2.2 The hermeneutic process 15 2.2.2.1 The becoming of an autoethnographic narrative 15 2.2.2.2 The narrative voice 17 2.2.2.3 Autoethnography as a research tool 18 2.2.2.4 A reflexive engagement 20 2.2.2.5 Embodied experiences 20 2.2.3 The qualitative material 22 2.3 Towards an ecological self 25 2.3.1 The research journey 29 2.4 Summing up 37 ix Part Three: The case study 39 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 The case study approach 41 3.3 The contexts 44 3.3.1 About the area 44 3.3.1.1 Stetind 45 3.3.2 The foundation 46 3.3.2.1 The Stetind Seminars of 1966 46 3.3.2.1.1 The participants 47 3.3.2.1.2 The seminars 48 3.3.2.2 Nature-friendly action 50 3.4 Supporting literature 53 3.4.1 Being in nature 54 3.4.1.1 Interpreting the themes 56 3.4.2 Discussion of underpinning constructs 60 3.4.2.1 Friluftsliv 60 3.4.2.2 The Ash-Lad mentality 64 3.4.2.3 Deep Ecology – moved by philosophy 66 3.5 Conceptualising the Stetind Project 72 3.5.1 Their approach 73 3.5.1.1 Council for Eco-philosophy 73 3.5.1.2 The ‘place of nature’ by Stetind 75 3.5.1.3 The Stetind Declaration 77 3.5.2 Tasks 78 3.6 Summing up 81 x Part Four: Discoveries and interpretations 85 4.1 Introduction 85 4.2 A friend of nature 86 4.2.1 My adventurous self 87 4.3 Nature-friendly living 93 4.3.1 The ecological diary 94 4.3.1.1 Excerpts from my eco-diary 94 4.4 Ecosophy M 105 4.5 Summing up 108 Part Five: Integration 109 5.1 Outro 109 5.2 Summing up 109 5.2.1 My research approach 110 5.2.2 My journey 111 5.3 Looking ahead 112 5.4 Closing remarks 117 References 119 Appendices 133 Appendix A – Proposal for Masters of Tourism 135 Appendix B – Ethical Approval 143 Appendix C – The Stetind Project, translation of selected extracts: project description 153 Appendix D – United Nations, International Year of Mountains 159 Appendix E – Conference Paper 163 xi LIST OF TABLES Table I: Themes and papers from Being in Nature 2007 55 Table II: Relevant issues from the theme nature conservation, education and politics 58 Table III: The significant elements of friluftsliv 63 Table IV: The eight platform principles of the Deep Ecology Movement 68 Table V: Levels of questioning and articulation 70 Table VI: Council for Eco-philosophy 74 Table VII: Intended use of The Place of Nature by Stetind 75 Table VIII: Stages of the Stetind Project with corresponding tasks 79 Table IX: Significant themes from Being in Nature 2007 82 LIST OF FIGURES Figure I: The Stetind Declaration 77 xii Part One Introduction ~ Revolutionising the way we think “Reform or Revolution? The direction is revolution, the steps are reformatory.” *Arne Naess1 on the approach of the Deep Ecology Movement (Witoszek, 1997, p 65) Preamble My aim with this Masters is to create an understanding of the need for social change and inspire action, starting with individuals and communities.
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