AssessmentThe Bahamas of the Effects and Impacts of Hurricane Matthew The Bahamas Oct 6, - 7:00 pm 1 2 3 4 6 7 Centre path of Hurricane Matthew 1 Grand Bahama 2 Abaco 8 5 3 Bimini Islands 4 Berry Islands 12 5 Andros Hurricane force winds (74+ mph) 6 New Providence 9 7 11 Eleuthera 50+ knot winds (58+ mph) 8 Cat Island 9 The Exumas 10 Tropical storm force winds (39+mph) 10 Long Island 11 Rum Cay 14 12 San Salvador 13 Ragged Island 14 Crooked Island 15 Acklins 16 Mayaguna 13 15 16 17 The Inaguas 17 Oct 5, - 1:00 am 1 Hurricane Matthew 2 The Bahamas Assessment of the Effects and Impacts of Hurricane Matthew The Bahamas 3 Hurricane Matthew Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Omar Bello Mission Coordinator, Affected Population & Fisheries Robert Williams Technical Coordinator, Power & Telecommunications Michael Hendrickson Macroeconomics Food and Agriculture Organization Roberto De Andrade Fisheries Pan American Health Organization Gustavo Mery Health Sector Specialists Andrés Bazo Housing & Water and Sanitation Jeff De Quattro Environment Francisco Ibarra Tourism, Fisheries Blaine Marcano Education Salvador Marconi National Accounts Esteban Ruiz Roads, Ports and Air Inter-American Development Bank Florencia Attademo-Hirt Country Representative Michael Nelson Chief of Operations Marie Edwige Baron Operations Editorial Production Jim De Quattro Editor 4 The Bahamas Contents Contents 5 List of tables 10 List of figures 11 List of acronyms 13 Executive summary 15 Introduction 19 Affected population 21 Housing 21 Health 22 Education 22 Roads, airports, and ports 23 Telecommunications 23 Power 24 Water and sanitation 24 Tourism 24 Fisheries 25 Environment 26 Economics 26 Methodological approach 27 Description of the event 29 Affected population 35 Introduction 35 1. Affected islands 35 Demographics 36 2. Affected population 37 5 Hurricane Matthew PART I: ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS AND IMPACTS 41 SOCIAL SECTORS 42 Housing 43 Introduction 43 1. Baseline information 43 2. Damage 44 Andros 46 Grand Bahama 47 New Providence 48 Berry Islands 49 3. Losses 49 4. Additional costs 50 Health 51 Introduction 51 1. Baseline information 52 2. Damage 53 Public clinics 53 Public hospitals 53 Other health facilities 54 Ministry of Health corporate building 54 3. Losses 57 4. Additional costs 58 Education 59 Introduction 59 1. Baseline information 59 2. Damage 61 Andros 61 The Berry Islands 61 Grand Bahama 63 New Providence 64 3. Losses 64 4. Additional costs 65 6 The Bahamas INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS 66 Roads, ports and airports 67 Introduction 67 1. Baseline information 68 Road network 68 Airports 69 Ports 70 2. Damage 71 Road network: distribution, access and coastal roads 72 Bridges 73 Docks 74 3. Losses 75 4. Additional costs 75 Telecommunications 76 Introduction 76 1. Baseline information 77 2. Damage 77 3. Losses 79 4. Additional costs 80 Power 81 Introduction 81 1. Baseline information 81 2. Damage 82 3. Losses 83 4. Additional costs 84 Water and sanitation 86 Introduction 86 1. Baseline information 86 Water and sewerage 86 Sewerage 89 Solid waste 90 2. Damage 90 New Providence 91 Grand Bahama 91 Berry Islands 92 Andros 92 3. Losses 92 4. Additional costs 93 7 Hurricane Matthew PRODUCTIVE SECTORS 94 Tourism 95 Introduction 95 1. Baseline information 95 2. Damage 96 Grand Bahama 97 New Providence 97 Out Islands 97 3. Losses 98 New Providence 100 Grand Bahama 100 Out Islands 102 4. Additional costs 102 Fisheries 103 Introduction 103 1. Baseline information 103 2. Damage 105 3. Losses 106 Damage to Small Fisheries 106 Other Fisheries 107 4. Additional costs 107 ENVIRONMENTAL SECTOR 108 Environment 109 Introduction 109 1. Baseline information 110 2. Damage 111 Grand Bahama 111 New Providence 114 Andros 116 Summary 118 3. Losses 119 4. Additional costs 120 Debris removal 120 Oil spill 120 Fire threats 121 Comprehensive assessments 122 Additional costs summary 122 8 The Bahamas MACROECONOMIC SECTOR 124 Economic impact 125 Evolution of the economy before Hurricane Matthew 125 Economic Activity 125 Fiscal developments 126 Monetary developments 126 Balance of payments 127 Impact of Hurricane Matthew on the macro-economy 128 Impact on GDP and Prices 128 Fiscal Impact of Hurricane Matthew 128 The Impact of the balance of payments 131 PART II: RECOMMENDATIONS 133 Recommendations for a resilient reconstruction 135 Pillar 1: Risk identification 136 Pillar 2: Risk reduction 139 Human rights 140 Improving the built environment 141 Strengthening institutions for standards and compliance 143 Pillar 3: Preparedness 144 Public early warning systems 144 Public evacuations and sheltering 145 Decentralizing response efforts 146 Pillar 4: Financial protection 147 Pillar 5: Resilient recovery 149 Ensuring macroeconomic stability 149 Building sustainable infrastructure 150 Conclusion 153 References 154 9 Hurricane Matthew List of tables Table 1 – Effects of Hurricane Matthew by sector. 15 Table 2 - Effects of Hurricane Matthew by island. 16 Table 3 – Estimated public and private damage, losses and additional costs 20 Table 4 - Demographics of affected islands. 37 Table 5 - Shelters by island and population in shelters. 38 Table 6 - Estimated damage to dwellings by island. 45 Table 7 - Summary of levels of damage to housing by district, as of 29 October 2016. 46 Table 8 - Losses due to uninhabitable dwellings in the housing sector. 50 Table 9 - Summary of additional costs to the housing sector. 50 Table 10 - Distribution of public clinics in The Bahamas by island. 52 Table 11 - Public hospitals in The Bahamas. 53 Table 12 - Summary of damage to public health clinics by Hurricane Matthew. 54 Table 13 - Summary of damage in public health facilities, hospitals and others. 55 Table 14 - Damage in public health facilities attributed to Hurricane Matthew. 56 Table 15 - Damage in public hospital and other health buildings attributed to Hurricane Matthew. 56 Table 16 - Losses to disruption in health services, equipment. 57 Table 17 - Additional costs associated with emergency response due to Hurricane Matthew. 58 Table 18 - Additional cost in overtime hours. 58 Table 19 - Data on public sector education facilities, teachers and students. 60 Table 20 - Affected education facilities and enrolment by island. 62 Table 21 - Affected education facilities by island. 63 Table 22 - Estimated damage to education facilities by island. 63 Table 23 - Estimated loss to education sector by affected island. 65 Table 24 - Total estimated damage, loss and additional costs by affected island. 65 Table 25 - Additional costs associated with Lowe Sound Primary. 65 Table 26 - Airport runways on affected islands. 69 Table 27 - Damage summary for transportation sector. 71 Table 28 - Damage to road network. 72 Table 29 - Damage to sea walls. 73 Table 30 - Damage to bridges. 74 Table 31 - Damage to docks. 74 Table 32 - Summary of additional costs ($) in the infrastructure sector. 75 Table 33 - Damage by island and type of telecommunications service. 79 Table 34 - Losses in the telecommunications sector. 79 Table 35 - Additional costs in the telecommunications sector. 80 Table 36 - Summary of damage in the power sector. 82 Table 37 - Estimated loss in the power sector. 84 Table 38 - Additional costs in the telecommunications sector. 85 Table 39 - Water supply in private dwellings in The Bahamas. 87 Table 40 - Sanitation dependence in private dwellings. 90 Table 41 - Additional costs in the water and sanitation sector. 93 Table 42 - Summary of damage in the tourism sector. 96 Table 43 - Total losses in 2016 by type of visitor. 99 Table 44 - Total losses in 2016 by type of expenditure. 99 10 The Bahamas Table 45 - New Providence losses in 2016 by type of visitor. 101 Table 46 - Grand Bahama losses by type of visitor. 101 Table 47 - Out Islands losses by type of visitor. 102 Table 48 - Summary of additional costs in the tourism sector. 102 Table 49 – Damage to small fisheries. 106 Table 50 - Small fisheries losses, October to December 2016 ($). 106 Table 51 - Estimated cost to environmental sector. 111 Table 52 - Estimated damage to beach dunes, Grand Bahama. 113 Table 53 - Summary of damage to the environmental sector. 119 Table 54 - Losses to environmental sector for selected ecosystem areas. 119 Table 55 - Estimated cost of debris removal and disposal. 120 Table 56 - Estimated cost of prescribed wildland fire strategy. 122 Table 57 - Additional costs to the environment sector. 123 Table 58 - Impact of Hurricane Matthew on government fiscal operations. 129 Table 59 - Pillars for disaster risk reduction. 136 List of figures Figure 1 - Wind swath of Hurricane Matthew. 29 Figure 2 - Path of Hurricane Matthew in The Bahamas. 32 Figure 3 - Conch shells used as an aggregate in concrete slab destroyed 47 Figure 4 - Photos showing front walls, buildings and other major damage 48 Figure 5 - Fallen trees and accumulations of organic debris. 49 Figure 6 - Pavement structure and draining problems, South Beach San Andreas. 68z Figure 7 - Affected airports in Berry Islands and New Providence. 69 Figure 8 - Affected docks in West End and Berry Islands. 70 Figure 9 - Affected bridge, Conch Sound vicinity. 73 Figure 10 - Daily peak load readings for New Providence in October. 83 Figure 11 - Diagram of vulnerability of groundwater supply. 87 Figure 12 - Bathroom and septic tank system affected by flooding in the West End settlement. 91 Figure 13 - Income and income losses ($). 99 Figure 14 - Primary and overall fiscal balances before and after Hurricane Matthew. 130 Figure 15 - Coastal vulnerability index