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Al Servicio De La Ciencia ,Y La Cultura Pirenaicase CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFiCAS INSTITUTO DE ESTUDIOS- PIRENAICOS (1942 m 1982) al Servicio de la Ciencia ,Y la Cultura pirenaicase Depósito Legal: B·32l22/1983 Editado por Instituto de Estudios Pirenaicos (C.S.LC.) Impreso por Litocolor, S.A., Verdi 65, Barcelona - 1983 JACA-1983 ------------- --------.. - --'·=--'--"--=·_·"-~-"_·~---------------------~fW\~~"u~'_>~;;--------- Reseña general sobre la Institución Editora El pasado 10 de octubre de 1982 se cumplió el cuarenta aniversario de la orden minis­ terial creadora de la Estación de Estudios Pirenaicos, cuyo nombre se cambió más tarde por el de Instituto, tras acuerdo del Consejo Ejecutivo del Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (28 de octubre de 1948). Alrededor de esa fecha han aparecido varios artícu• los relatando los hechos más destacados del primer cuarto de siglo de existencia de la institución (1), hechos que cabe aquí y ahora recordar de forma global y extender a toda la cuarentena. ' Faltaba sin duda una puesta al día de la labor de "publicaciones" desarrollada por la Institución, uno de los aspectos que con más cariño tradicional han cuidado los dirigentes de ella y quizás nunca una mejor ocasión que brinda la efemérides indicada para hacerlo. Se adjunta a la lista de estudios publicados unas breves notas Informativas de la labor realizada. 1. Interés sucesivo y actualidad de la Cadena Fronteriza Entre los primeros y curiosos datos aportados por Diodoro de Sicilia y Estrabón y la reciente celebración en Jaca (junio de 1982) de la primera Reunión de Regiones Pirenai­ cas organizada por el Consejo de Europa, no sólo se han incrementado notablemente los conocimientos de todo orden referidos a la accidentada topografía pirenaica, _sino tam~ bién el interés público por ella, su vida y utilización. Varios hitos importantes cabe señalar en su estudio y conocimiento, reflejando un progreso sumamente acelerado en los dos últimos siglos (2). Los errores emitidos por Estrabón se repiten hasta bien entrado el XVII; de Candole inicia sus exploraciones botánicas hacia 1582, que le llevan a la cúspide del Midi d'Ossau, para aquel entonces, "la cumbre más alta" en apariencia. Los botánicos de Montpellier prosiguen el estudio de su flora durante el XVI. El pri­ mer mapa militar data de 1719. Se "conquista" el Monte Perdido en 1797, período en que Ramond y Saussure impulsan notablemente el conocimiento botánico, geológico y geográfico en sentido amplio, de la Cordillera. De esas fechas datan las obras inéditas y publicadas de Asso (3). Los avances topográficos quedan federados a la delimitación de la frontera, cuyos antecedentes estarían en el tratado de la Isla de los Faisanes, pero su desa~ rrollo ulterior y estudio revisivo oportuno en forma de Comisfón bilateral de Límites, se constituyó muchos afias después, celebrando su primer centenario en fechas recientes (1976) (4). Entretanto, los relatos de viajeros a pie por nuestras montañas y los estudios (1) 1979 (1982): Labor directiva e investigación geológica durante los cinco primeros lustros del Instituto de Estudios Pirenaicos. Acta Geológica Hispánica. Homenatge a Lluis Solé i Sabarís, 14: \ 32·38, Barcelona.- 1981: Orientación actual del Instituto de Estudios Pirenaicos. Pirineos, 110: 55- 94, J aca.- 1981 (1982): Fundación y desarrollo del Instituto de Estudios Pirenaicos. Llull (Revista de la S.E.R.C.) 4(6-7): 5-19, Ciudad Universitaria, Zaragoza.- 1981 (1982): En memoria del Profespr Henri Gaussen, copresidente francés de la Unión Internacional de Estudios Pirenaicos. Pirineos, 114: 99~108. Jaca. , (2) BALCELLS, E. y PUIGDEFABREGAS, J., 1974: Historia del estudio científico del Pirineo. Arbor, 343-344: 105-116, Madrid. (3) V. monografía n. 7 sobre su famosa Historia de la Econom{a Polltica de Aragón, verdadero tratado sobre rycursos de importante valor y actual vigencia científica. (4) BOISSESON, R. de y SERMET, J., 1976.- Le Centennaire de la Cornmission Internationale des Pyrénées. Revue d'Histoire Diplomatique (1-2): 66 págs. París. -1- multidisciplinares sobre recursos y cultura pirenaicos, se suceden y acicatan el interés de fiosos obligaba a estudios especiales previos. Pese a nuestros escasos recursos socio-eco­ científicos centro-europeos (KRUEGER). El interés popular por las emociones estéticas nómicos en tal período, el C. S. de 1. C., crea el Centro propio que conocemos como en nuestro agreste territorio, se desplaza sucesivamente de los Alpes a los Pirineos y, a "pirenaico de Biología experimental", ubicando en Jaca su estación más importante. Con todo ello, no es ajena la creación, en 1916, del Parque Nacional de Ordesa y la construc­ dicha institución complementaria y dedicada a la Ecología de territorios montañosos, no ción de la carretera por la Bonaigua. El esfuerzo empresarial catalán, desarrolla otras nota­ se cierra un ciclo. Ambas instituciones subsisten y se complementan: las presentes líneas bles vías de penetración y comunicación a través del eje centro-oriental y central de la no obstante, se dedican al Instituto de Estudios Pirenaicos, su historia y sus actividades, Cordillera. FF .CC. del Norte de España, acerca la Cerdaña a Barcelona horadando el eje en exclusiva. de la Cordillera; paralelamente otra vía se abre por el Somport. "FF.CC. de Alta Montaña y Grandes Pendientes" montó y mantuvo después, con esfuerzo, la cremallera al Santua­ rio de Nuria. A su socaire, aparecen los primeros centros deportivos invernales. A medida 3. Actividades concretas del Instituto de la apertura de carreteras por Obras Públicas, la compafiía "Alsina Graells", conectaba Cabe relatar el balance de actividades del Instituto en: aspectos científicos, infraestru,-, el llano con los altos valles transversales, mediante eficaz red de tránsito rodado, al que se tura, coloquios y similares, congresos internacionales y la labor de información. El primer' sumaban otros servicios más localizados. Paralelamente se incrementa así, el interés de aspecto se sale por completo de los márgenes estrictos -limitados especiahnente a labor. científicos y humanistas por el estudio de nuestro territorio. editorial-, que objetivan el presente escrito. Además dicha labor amplia, dado el carácter Los centros excursionistas no sólo fomentan las expediciones a los altos picos como de centro "coordinador" del Instituto, requeriría mucho espacio, aspecto ya intentado en marca deportiva, sino que también desarrollaron una :importante función divulgadora so­ otro estudio reciente referido a los primeros 25 años de labor (1). Por lo que respecta a, bre la cultura, la historia y los recursos que guardaba, nuestra cadena, cuya popularidad los últimos veinte afias, sería preciso extenderse ampliamente a la labor del Centro de alcanzaba notables cotas, fomentándose así, un turismo residencial de verano, paralelo, Biología experimental, cuyas aportaciones requieren otra justificación muy foránea tam­ pero más extensivo e intensivo que el invernal. bién a las presentes líneas. No obstante, la actividad estricta del Instituto en ese último En Zaragoza por ejemplo, cabe recordar la figura señera de D. Eduardo Cativiela, quien período, también se ha narrado en la publicación arriba indicada. originario de Ansó, e inspirado en modelos suizos que admiraba, procuraba fomentar la Se atenderá simplemente así, a mencionar sumariamente la labor de servicios conexos, afición y amor pireneistas. Poco a poco, el incremento de nivel de vida ciudadano, recono­ en sus cuatro aspectos indicados al principio de este epígrafe. cía en la altitud pirenaica ciertas fuentes de salud corporal y moral, donde era 'necesario "abrevarse" periódicamente. A. Infraestructura: En 1950, tuvo lugar la décima y última reunión patronal de la anti­ gua Estación fundada en Jaca en 1942. En dicha época se había habilitado y ampliado el local cedido, para residencia, laboratorios, capilla y museo pirenaicos. Sin embargo, tras la 2. La creación del h,stituto de Estudios Pirenaicos inauguración, transcurrió un largo paréntesis en el que dichos locales fueron destinados a Nuestro público espafiol, desplazó así, sucesivamente su atención de los Alpes a los Piri­ otros usos, hasta que en 1966, con motivo del 5~ Congreso Internacional, se reinaugura· neos. Tal consideración alcanzaba notables cotas en la década de los cuarenta, en que la ron obras de remozallÚento imprescindible para alojar los servicios del Centro de Biología situación internacional nos obligó a volvernos hacia nosotros mismos y a la consideración experimental. Dicha institución, fundada por el C. S. 1. C. en 1963, requería locales en de nuestros propios recursos. Era la gran ocasión para tomar la iniciativa y Espafia aceptó que permanecer su personal todo el año y substituir la provisionalidad de los cedidos por el reto, promocionando con esfuerzo y muy escasos medios, el primer centro multidisci­ particulares y el Ayuntamiento de Jaca. Transcurridos dos afias, la permanencia de perso­ plinar (5) que consideraba y discutía, por especialistas muy diversos, los distintos aspectos nal científico y conexo en Jaca, el afianzamiento de la investigación de dicho centro hacia de un territorio, tanto con referencia a sus recursos naturales (catalogación, descripción y problemas científicos de promoción y ecología montana, aconsejaban la incorporación y función), como a su utilización por el hombre, sus procesos de aprovechamiento y posibi­ ubicación en Jaca de buena parte de los servicios del Instituto, donde se hallan todavía lidades de promoción. Tal fue la labor primera a la que respondió el Instituto de
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