National Marine Fisheries Service SH no aa SOUTHWEST REGION 300 S. Ferry Street Terminal Island, CA 90731
THE MARKET FOR SEAFOOD IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
by
Charlotte L. Miller
JUNE 1986
ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT SWR-86-8 V
"This report is used to ensure prompt dissemination of preliminary results, interim reports, and special studies to the scientific community. This paper may later be published in a modified form to include more recent information or research results. Contact author if additional information is required." SHn
THE MARKET FOR SEAFOOD IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
LIBRARY
DEC 2 2 2006 National oceanic & Atmospheric Administration U.S. Dept, of Commerce Charlotte Miller Southwest Region National Marine Fisheries Service Terminal Island, CA 90731
ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT SWR-86-8
JUNE 1986 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Summary ...... 1
I. Demand...... 2
II. Supply A. Domestic...... 4 B. Imports 1. General Trends ...... 5 2. U.S. Exports of Seafood to the U. K...... 6
III. Distribution ...... 9
IV. Trade Policy and Regulations A. Trade Barriers...... 12 B. Trade Regulations ...... 13
V. Summary of U.S. Export Opportunities ...... 16
References Cited ...... 17
Appendix I: Seafood Buyer Contacts from Various Trade Shows, 1980-1985 - Listed by Product Interest ...... 19
Appendix II: Seafood Buyer Contacts from Various Trade Shows, 1980-1985 - Listed Alphabetically by Company Name...... 23
Appendix III: Major Supermarket Chains and Institutional Buyers...... 59
Appendix IV: European Economic Community Guide and Reference Prices for 1986 62
Appendix V: European Economic Community Tariff Schedule for Selected Seafood Imports from the U.S...... 67
Appendix VI: List of Available Market Studies ...... 71
i LIST OF TABLES
Page
1. Product segmentation of the processed frozen fish market by product type, 1984 ...... 2
2. Consumption of fresh fish by species, 1984 3
3. Sales of fresh fish by type of product, 1984 3
4. United Kingdom imports by major fishery commodity, 1980-84 5
5. United Kingdom imports of seafood products by major species, 1983-84 ...... 7
6. U.S. exports of seafood products to the United Kingdom, 1982-85 ... 8
7. Relative importance of seafood retail outlets in the United Kingdom as of 1984 ...... 12
LIST OF FIGURES
1. Principal fishery ports and inland wholesale markets in the United Kingdom ...... 10
2. Seafood distribution channels in the United Kingdom ...... 11 Summary
The United Kingdom is the third leading importer of seafood in western Europe. Approximately one-third of all fresh and frozen seafood and almost all canned fish consumed in the U.K. is imported. Since British tastes favor traditional species, cod is the predominant species imported.
Seafood imports have been growing steadily. This is due to an increase in consumption in recent years and to a steady decline in overall domestic fisheries production. These trends should continue and the U.K. will be importing even more seafood in the future.
Sales of frozen seafood have been growing steadily in recent years while those of fresh seafood have been declining. The increase in frozen food consumption is due largely to the increasing popularity of convenience food such as ready-prepared meals, fish in sauces, and battered fish products.
U.S. exports of seafood products have been declining since 1983. This has been due largely to the strength of the dollar against the British pound. The recent decline of the dollar should result in increased opportunity for exporting seafood to the United Kingdom.
Canned salmon has been, by far, the most important U.S. seafood export, but market share is threatened by increased competition. Alaska pollock and Pacific cod, as well as other groundfish, offer the best prospects for increasing U.S. exports. With a trend toward convenience food, opportunities also may exist for prepared main dishes as well as other convenience food products which utilize low-valued species of fish and shellfish.
The success of U.S. exporters will depend on their ability to overcome the disadvantages of relatively high tariff rates, a value added tax, and the reference price system, which provides for minimum import prices on certain species.
1 I. Demand
In 1984, annual per capita seafood consumption in the United Kingdom was 8.0 kg (17.6 lbs.) (Agra Europe, 1985), compared to 6.2 kg (13.6 lbs.) for the United States (NMFS, 1985). Based upon this figure and the 1984 population of the U.K., apparent consumption for 1984 was 449,000 metric tons (mt). Seafood consumption has been on the increase as a result of private industry and government promotions and the growing perception of seafood as a health food (FAO, 1985a). The British market for seafood can best be described as conservative. Preferences clearly favor whitefish which accounts for 85 percent of total seafood consumption. Cod is the staple species, but Britons also favor haddock, plaice, saithe, and hake. A recent survey showed that cod is served in 72 percent of households, haddock in 60 percent, and plaice in 49 percent. Other species of fish account for 9 percent of total seafood consumption. The more popular species are salmon, pilchards, tuna, sardines, and mackerel (BBH Corporation, 1985). The average British household consumes slightly over 9.5 kg (21 lbs.) of fish annually. By product form, frozen fish makes up 46 percent of household fish purchases, fresh fish 38 percent, and canned fish 12 percent. Eighty percent of institutional purchases are in the frozen form (BBH Corporation, 1985). Frozen fish consumption in the United Kingdom rose by 39 percent from 1978 to 1984 largely as a result of the increasing popularity of convenience food. Thus, the fastest growing sector is the processed frozen fish market (MAP, 1985). Table 1 shows product segmentation of the processed frozen fish market by value of sales in 1984. Prepared fish dishes and fish in sauces, which appeal to the upwardly mobile consumer, are showing particularly strong growth (MAP, 1985). In 1984, these products accounted for 15.8 percent of this market. Sales of specialty fish, such as salmon and trout, increased by as much as 120 percent by value from 1981 to 1985 (FAO, 1985b). In 1984, this product category represented 10.3 percent of the frozen processed fish market.
Table 1. Product segmentation of the processed frozen fish market, 1984
% Based on Value Frozen Fillets 28.8 Fish Fingers 21.3 Battered Fish Products 14.3 Specialty Fish 10.3 Fish in Sauce 9.5 Prepared Dishes 6.3 Natural/Breaded Steaks 5.8 Fish Cakes 3.8
Source: MAP, 1985
Fish fingers and fishcakes represented approximately 25 percent of the market, but have been declining in popularity. These products typically have been purchased by young housewives with children. Reports indicate that they are shifting demand to battered fish products which accounted for 14.3 percent of the market in 1984. Fish fillets, the single largest category, made up almost 29 percent of the processed frozen fish market. Trends in sales were not reported which may indicate that they are relatively stable.
2 Frozen whole fish is consumed predominantly in the southeast United Kingdom. It is a traditional product form and is purchased more often by consumers in the older (+45 years) age groups (MAP, 1985).
Fresh fish consumption declined by 5.5 percent in 1984. This downward trend is expected to continue as prices rise in response to declining production by the British fleet (MAP, 1985).
Cod, haddock, and plaice are the most important species in the fresh fish market (Table 2) . A large number of other species are consumed but in smaller quantities. Fillets are the most popular product form, accounting for 73 percent of the value and 69 percent of the volume of fresh fish sales (Table 3).
Table 2. Consumption of fresh fish by species, 1984 % Based on Value % Based on Volume Cod 23 22 Haddock 21 20 Plaice 11 10 Saithe 4 7 Herring 2 4 Mackerel 1 2 Others 38 35
Source: MAP, 1985
The British are avid consumers of canned fish. As stated earlier, 12 percent of fish consumed at home is canned. Still, only 3 percent of food service or institutional fish sales are canned products (BBH Corporation, 1985). In 1985, consumption of canned fish rose 3 percent over 1984. On the basis of volume, tuna accounted for 22 percent of the market share, pilchard 22 percent, sockeye salmon 19 percent, trout 13 percent and sardines 12 percent. The remaining 6 percent was made up of other species (Suisan Tsushin, 1986).
Table 3. Sales of fresh fish by type of product, 1984 % Based on Value % Based on Volume Fillets 73 69 Whole 15 20 Steaks/Portions 9 8 Others 3 3
Source: MAP, 1985
Statistics on consumption of cured fish are not available. It is reported, however, that preferences are for European species and the bulk of the market is supplied from domestic sources (Infofish Trade News, 1986).
Shellfish accounts for only 6 percent of total seafood consumption. As with specialty fish discussed earlier, demand for specialty shellfish, such as prawns, crab, and lobster, also is increasing (MAP, 1985).
3 Until very recently, the U.K. fishing industry had no sustained promotional program. As a result, seafoods have had stiff competition from lower priced poultry. Furthermore, the younger generations know little about seafood with possible exceptions of fish sticks and battered portions. In an effort to correct these conditions, the Sea Fish Industry Authority and the British government are sponsoring a program to improve seafood markets in the United Kingdom. The program has two major goals: 1) to increase consumption of seafood by educating consumers about its health benefits and the different products available, and 2) to increase the value of seafood through improved quality and development of new products and new markets, especially for underutilized species (Anon., 1985a; Anon., 1985b) . Although this program is targeted on species produced in the European Economic Community, it could have a positive effect on the import market as well by increasing overall demand for seafood. In addition, if the program is successful in getting the traditionally conservative British consumer to accept new species, then the market for new imported seafood products could be developed further.
II. Supply
A. Domestic
According to statistics prepared by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 1982, 1985), fisheries production in the U.K. is declining. As the U.K. is a member of the European Economic Community (EEC), catch quotas for the British fishing industry are set by the EEC Central Authority. These restriction, and catch limits placed on the British fleet in waters controlled by Iceland, Norway, the U.S.S.R., the Faroe Islands, and Canada, have had significant impacts on the U.K. fishing industry.
The sector most affected by the new policies was the distant-water groundfish fleet which experienced declines in production due to restricted access to traditional fishing areas. Production of cod, traditionally caught off Iceland and Canada, was reduced by over 50 percent from 212,545 mt in 1976 to 103,475 mt in 1980. Haddock production, primarily a North Sea fishery, declined by about 37 percent during the 1976-80 period. There were slight increases in production of whiting and a few minor species, so that overall groundfish production decreased 33 percent from 1976 to 1980 (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1983) . Since this time, landings of haddock and saithe have increased, while those of other groundfish species have remained stable or declined. Production of cod, which was stable at roughly 115,000 mt from 1981 through 1983, fell to approximately 91,000 mt in 1984 (FAO, 1985c).
In contrast to groundfish, production of pelagic species increased significantly from 1976 to 1979 despite a complete ban on herring fishing in the North Sea. Prior to 1977, large quantities were caught off southwest England by Soviet bloc nations, but when the U.K. established a 200—mile fishery conservation zone, these foreign fleets were banned from further fishing. Domestic fleets then began fishing more heavily for mackerel as an alternative to depressed stocks of herring and cod. As a result, mackerel production in 1979 was 3.1 times its 1976 level (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1983). Landings of mackerel peaked in 1980 and declined over the period 1981-1983, but rose again in 1984 (FAO, 1985d) . Despite this increase in production, there is now some worry about conditions of mackerel stocks and a ban on the North Sea fishery is being considered (Anon., 1984).
4 Salmon culture in the United Kingdom is developing at a fast rate. Production rose from 520 mt in 1979 to 4,000 mt in 1984. There are at least 126 sites, all located in Scotland, which are operated by 67 companies. More entries in the industry are expected (Anon., 1985c). According to statistics prepared by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), shellfish production has remained stable. Principal species harvested are crabs, whelks, periwinkles, oysters, scallops, and cockles. The future of the British fishing industry depends upon its success in negotiating quotas with the EEC Central Authority, the enforcement of conservation measures to maintain stocks, and its success in gaining access to waters of countries outside the EEC. Recently, the U.K. has been successful in negotiating larger EEC quotas. With the exception of mackerel, all 1985 quotas were slightly higher than 1983 and 1984 levels (Infofish Trade News, 1985).
B. Imports 1. General Trends Seafood imports declined from 1980 through 1982, but then rose in 1983 and 1984 (Table 4). In 1983, 348 mt of seafood were imported, a 6.7 percent increase over 1982. In 1984, imports rose by 4.0 percent to 362 mt. At this level, the United Kingdom ranked third in volume of seafood imports among western European nations, behind West Germany and France (Infofish Marketing Digest, 1985).
Table 4. United Kingdom imports by major fishery commodity, 1980-84. (Quantity (Q) = 1,000 mt, Value (V) = Million US$) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 Q V Q V Q V Q V Q V Fish: 305 642 307 685 290 538 308 564 319 536 Fresh, chilled 120 133 97 116 93 93 99 90 102 91 Frozen 38 70 40 75 40 65 44 62 46 59 Frozen fillets 80 199 81 185 89 191 79 155 79 143 Cured 3 7 3 8 3 5 3 5 3 5 Prepared/ Preserved 64 233 86 301 65 184 83 252 89 238
Shellfish: 34 158 30 156 36 170 40 199 43 182 Fresh, Frozen, Cured 19 67 16 71 19 79 21 89 24 91 Prepared/ Preserved 15 91 14 85 17 91 19 110 19 91
Total Seafood Imports 339 800 337 841 326 708 348 763 362 718
Sources: Fish Products, 1980-82 - OECD, 1982,1984 Shellfish, 1980-82 - FAO, 1984 1983-85 data - Sea Fish Industry Authority
Fish imports accounted for well over 80 percent of seafood imports from 1980 to 1984. Roughly a third of that was imported fresh. Frozen fillets accounted for about 25 percent of fish imports.
5 Prepared and preserved fish was the other major category and consists primarily of canned fish. Approximately 95 percent of the canned fish consumed in the U.K;. is imported. Major suppliers are Japan, the U.S. , Canada, Denmark, and F131 (Suisan Tsushin, 1986). The sharp decline in imports which occurred in 1982 was a result of a botulism incident. By 1983, however, the market had recovered (FAO, 1985e). Production by the British canning industry has been growing rapidly m recent years; showing a 24 percent growth in 1985 (Suisan Tsushin, 1986). If this trend continues, the U.K. could become less dependent upon imports for its supply of canned fish.
By volume, shellfish represented only 9 to 12 percent of total seafood imports during 1980-84. However, it accounted for 19 to 26 percent of the total value of seafood imports over that same time period. Table 5 lists the more important species imported under each category. The table lists all species which showed imports over 1,000 mt in either 1983 or 1984. Clearly, cod has been the predominant species. In 1984, it accounted for 37.4 percent of fresh imports, 40.1 percent of frozen whole fish imports, and 76.1 percent of frozen fillet imports. Other important species of groundfish are plaice, haddock, and saithe.
Mackerel and herring were the major pelagic species. Both have been imported primarily as fresh fish.
In terms of value, salmon was the leading species under the frozen whole fish category. In 1984, it represented 36.3 percent of all imports under this category. Salmon accounted for 41.7 percent, by value, of prepared/preserved fish imported into the U.K. in 1984. However, in terms of volume, tuna led salmon in 1984. Regarding the prepared/preserved fish market, it should be noted that the U.S.S.R. rapidly is becoming a more important supplier of canned salmon (FAO 1985F). '
Two species of special interest are dogfish and Alaska pollock. Dogfish imports, of which the U.S. is the second most important supplier, appear to be increasing. Sea Fish Industry Authority (SFIA) statistics show that in the first nine months of 1985, over 3,000 mt were imported which exceeds total imports for 1984. Alaska pollock imports are also on the rise. In the first nine months of 1985, almost 2,000 mt had been imported, a sharp increase over 1984 levels.
2. U.S. Exports of Seafood to the U.K.
The U.S. is not a major supplier of seafood to the United Kingdom. Exceptions to this are canned and fresh and frozen salmon. In 1985, canned salmon exports, mostly pink and sockeye, totaled 8,785 mt, and represented 70.0 percent of all U.S. exports to the United Kingdom (Table 6). Exports of fresh and frozen salmon, mainly chum, totaled 1,899 mt or 15.1 percent of all exports. The next largest category was frozen squid with only 341 mt.
Following a 44.1 percent increase from 1982-83, the volume of U.S. seafood exports to the U.K. has been declining. The 1985 level of exports was 17.1 percent lower than that recorded in 1983. Most of the changes can be attributed to canned and fresh and frozen salmon. The large increase in canned salmon exports which occurred in 1983 was due to recovery of the market from the botulism scare mentioned earlier.
6 Table 5. United Kingdom imports of seafood products by major species, 1983-84. (Quantity (Q) = MT, Value (V) = Thousand $) 1983 1984 Q V 0 V Fish
Fresh & Chilled 98,592 89,974 102,094 90,637 Cod 27,026 25,019 38,164 30,686 Mackerel 26,432 5,579 18,344 3,124 Plaice 17,062 18,418 14,701 13,836 Herring 7,418 2,828 6,512 2,237 Haddock 7,124 6,054 7,832 6,234 Dogfish 2,050 2,388 2,464 1,575 Salmon 1,373 7,521 1,467 8,675 Whiting 468 391 1,121 486 Other 9,639 21,776 11,489 23,784 Frozen, Whole 43,960 62,351 46,278 58,995 Cod 15,124 14,325 18,579 14,060 Salmon 5,841 21,914 5,104 21,396 Herring 4,486 2,981 3,243 1,846 Haddock 1,660 1,467 1,447 1,091 Mackerel 1,532 646 2,161 880 Plaice 1,275 1,107 1,033 823 Dogfish 1,248 1,514 915 1,138 Alaska Pollock 131 16 17 17 Other 12,663 18,381 13,779 17,744 Frozen Fillets 79,182 154,752 78,850 142,741 Cod 53,615 114,531 59,984 114,820 Haddock 7,965 17,040 4,620 9,194 Saithe 5,166 5,737 5,616 5,253 Plaice 3,548 5,382 3,188 7,892 Herring 3,480 3,048 2,830 1,927 Other 5,408 9,014 2,612 3,655 Cured 2,551 4,840 2,751 5,421 Herring 422 319 256 224 Salmon 29 291 68 390 Other 2,100 4,230 2,427 4,807 Prepared, Preserved 82,860 252,209 88,584 238,465 Salmon 25,731 126,147 21,468 99,493 Tuna 16,912 48,031 23,050 60,455 Pilchards 10,891 10,431 12,682 12,550 Sardines 9,841 13,853 10,980 13,907 Fillets/Batter or Breadcrumbs 2,356 6,828 4,218 10,102 Mackerel 2,049 3,369 1,923 3,396 Herring 1,023 2,341 1,129 2,320 Other 17,129 46,919 16,186 41,958 Shellfish Fresh, Frozen, Cured 20,535 88,788 24,408 91,277 Prawns (Pandalidae) 5,752 24,622 5,061 17,849 Unspecified Prawns & Shrimp 4,349 29,308 8,194 43,234 Mussels 1,498 1,775 1,781 1,679 Squid 579 922 1,010 1,406 Lobster 176 1,625 289 2,477 Oyster 174 425 145 337 Other 8,007 30,111 7,928 24,295 Prepared, Preserved 18,649 109,510 18,564 90,609 Canned Shrimp/Prawns 1,320 5,341 1,011 3,641 Crab 1,299 8,447 1,280 8,756 Other Crustaceans 14,804 93,142 14,524 74,614 Mollusks 1,226 2,580 1,749 3,598
Exchange rates used in conversions: 1983: h=151.7 U.S. Cents, 1984: £-133.6 U.S. Cents Source: Sea Fish Industry Authority
7 Table 6. U.S. exports of seafood products to the United Kingdom, 1982-85. (Quantity (Q) = MT, Value (V) = 1000 $)
1982 1983 1984 1985 V Q V Q V ------V—
Eels, Live 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 10 Finflsh, Whole or Eviscerated Fresh, Chilled, Frozen
Eels 0 0 0 0 11 6 0 0 Herring 103 141 65 75 56 75 32 40 Mullet 30 134 105 65 49 60 16 21 Sablefish 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 Pollock 1 1 0 0 8 40 305 474 Other Fish 497 889 276 560 605 1,324 476 1,069 Salmon 2,905 9,469 3,195 8,548 2,473 7,888 1,899 6,241 Chinook 36 158 12 50 9 83 11 41 Chum 1,069 3,692 1,500 4,283 1,522 4,799 1,156 3,730 Pink 286 779 243 564 219 540 180 430 Sockeye 141 688 109 573 86 488 11 32 Unspecified 1,373 4,152 1,331 3,078 637 1,978 541 2,008 Fillets, Steaks, Portions Salmon 36 147 28 169 31 118 14 44 Other 801 1,141 603 1,107 349 739 531 1,071
Fish Sticks & Portions, Breaded or Battered 324 542 13 38 1 2 1 1
Canned Fish
Salmon 5,080 20,798 10,057 43,771 10,659 43,094 8,785 36,600 Chum 309 727 491 1,246 481 1,215 235 628 Pink 2,370 7,610 3,402 12,143 4,199 13,669 3,127 9,835 Sockeye 2,326 12,200 5,523 27,888 5,682 27,054 5,109 24,671 Unspecified 75 261 641 2,494 297 1.156 314 1.466 Sardines in Tomato Sauce 4 4 215 196 111 61 0 0 Other Fish 19 64 74 115 22 26 16 92 Finfish in Air- tight Containers 43 48 68 141 1 3 14 24 Finfish, Dried, Salted, Smoked 1 1 1 2 0 0 3 21 Fish Roe Salmon 1 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 Other 2 107 5 212 10 281 6 132 Fish Balls, Cakes, Puddings 1 2 76 138 5 17 2 7 Shellfish, Fresh or Frozen
Shrimp frozen 70 353 73 352 51 342 32 246 King crab, frozen 26 206 7 130 5 89 12 123 Snow crab, frozen 14 79 10 16 1 2 0 0 Squid, frozen 323 479 113 190 124 251 341 508 Other shellfish, fresh or frozen 52 289 67 380 49 246 46 206
Shellfish, Fresh or Frozen Packaged
Shrimp, fresh packaged 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Other 37 74 0 0 3 36 0 0
8 Table 6. (Cont'd)
1982 1983 1984 1985 d V d ---- V V V Canned Shellfish Shrimp 134 722 87 520 1 8 1 2 Squid 0 0 0 0 31 20 0 0 Other 6 15 3 13 0 0 0 0 Shellfish, cured 0 0 1 5 2 9 10 18 Total Seafood Products 10,510 35,708 15,143 56,746 14,659 54,738 12,547 47,149
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census
Several trends of particular interest to west coast exporters should be pointed out. Sablefish apparently was exported for the first time in 1985. Also, pollock exports rose from 8 mt in 1984 to 304 mt in 1985. In the first three months of 1986, 94 mt of pollock has been exported compared to 7 mt during the same period in 1985; thus U.S. exports of this species may be beginning a significant increase. Finally, exports of breaded or battered fish fell dramatically in the period 1983 to 1985. This could be attributed to the declining consumption of fish sticks in the United Kingdom.
III. Distribution
United Kingdom fishermen are organized into producer organizations and are required to sell their fish through the organizations or under the rules set by them. Producer organizations have the authority to set prices, grading and quality standards. Approximately 70 to 80 percent of U.K. production is sold through producer organizations (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1983).
Fish is landed in twelve principal ports (Figure 1) . Upon being landed, fresh fish including direct foreign landings, is auctioned through a port merchant to inland wholesale markets, individual wholesalers, exporters, processors and meal producers (Figure 2) . Frozen fish is purchased directly by processors or it is sold directly to large fish friers (fish & chips shops), frozen food wholesalers and retailers and to inland merchants. Packaged frozen products are distributed to supermarkets and home freezer centers directly from processors or through frozen food wholesalers (BBH Corporation, 1985). Traditionally, the three major retail outlets for seafood have been fish friers, fishmongers, and institutional consumers and catering establishments. The trend toward frozen seafood, however, has resulted in declining importance of the fishmonger. Supermarkets now account for 40 percent of frozen seafood sales while home freezer centers account for 25 percent (BBH Corporation, 1985). Most smaller grocery stores also carry a variety of frozen seafood items. Table 7 shows the types and numbers of retail outlets handling seafood in the U.K. as of 1984. Imports, many of which are in frozen form, follow basically the same distribution channels as domestic fish. Traditionally, imports have been landed at Hull. However, Great Yarmouth, which offers frozen container services, is handling greater amounts of seafood imports. Felixstowe and Ipswich are also major container ports for foreign goods (Librarian, British Consulate, Los Angeles, CA, pers. comm.).
9 UNITED KINGDOM
Fraserburgh Peterhead berdeen
North Sea
North Shields
Great armouth owestoft
■Filixstowe gsgate
Plymouth
» Principal Fishing Ports tInland Wholesale Markets
Figure 1. Principal fishery ports and inland wholesale markets in the United Kingdom.
10 -- - Normal Distribution Channel ---Powerful Buying Channel
Source: BBH Corporation, 1985
Figure 2. Seafood distribution channels in the United Kingdom : 7. Relative importance of seafood retail outlets in the United 1 as of 1984.
Type of Outlet Number % of To
Independent Grocers 24,000 36 Voluntary Groups 15,700 24 Market Stalls 8,000 12 Multiple Grocers 7,600 11 Co-ops 4,800 7 Fishmongers 3,000 5 Freezer Centers 1,000 2 Discount Multiples 900 1 Variety Stores 800 1 Department Stores 300 1
Total 66,100 100
Source: MAP, 1985
Canned fish reaches retail outlets through wholesalers and local distributors. The British market is a "buyers label market" with importing companies distributing under their own labels which are strongly promoted. Traditionally, packers labels have not done well so it is advisable for potential exporters to place their products with an importer who has a well known brand (Van der Eerden, 1981).
IV. Trade Policy and Regulations
A. Trade Barriers
Fishery trade with the United Kingdom, as with all other EEC member states, is regulated by the Common Fishery Policy. One of the primary purposes of this policy is to protect the fishing industries of member nations from undue competition and market destabilizing forces and secure reasonable living standards for fishermen.
Protection from lower priced imports is provided through the reference price system. Reference prices function as minimum import prices and are calculated percentages of guide prices. Guide prices are determined for most species landed in the EEC by averaging prices received over the previous three years. If the import price of an item falls below its reference price, then intervention measures can be taken. They? can include suspension of import of the product, restrictions on the basis or quality, presentation or end use, or a compensatory tax can be levied equal to the difference between the reference and import prices (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1983).
Guide and reference prices for 1986 are listed in Appendix IV. The prices for the following year are usually decided upon sometime in December by the European Economic Community Council. Copies of the prices can be obtained from the following office after January 1 of each year:
12 EEC Guide and Reference Prices National Marine Fisheries Service P.0. Box 1109 Gloucester, MA 01931-1109
The tariffs on most products available for export from the U.S. to the United Kingdom are substantial because of the United States' non-favored status. However, some exceptions do exist such as fresh and frozen salmon (2.0%) and freshwater eels (3.5%). In the area of fishery products, the U.S. faces competition from EEC member nations, which export to the U.K. on a duty-free basis, and from developing nations which are either exempt from duties or are subject to much lower tariffs. In addition, certain other countries, such as Norway, receive favorable tariff treatment. Appendix V contains a listing of the most current (effective December 9, 1985) duty rates for selected seafood items. Tariff rates change frequently, however, and should be confirmed prior to completing specific price negotiations. Exporters may obtain information about current duty rates from their importer or agent or by contacting the following agency:
HM Customs and Excise, ICA Kent House, Upper Ground London SE1, England
In addition to any import duty, a levy may be payable on imports of certain fishery products under the Sea Fish Industry Authority (Levy) Regulations 1982 Confirmatory Order. Details, including current rates of levy and exemptions, may be obtained from the following office:
Sea Fish Industry Authority Sea Fisheries House 10 Young Street Edinburgh EH2 4JQ, Scotland
In addition to tariffs, all products imported into the United Kingdom are subject to a value-added tax (V.A.T.). This tax is essentially a sales tax which is levied on the duty-paid value of goods. Because duties paid on U.S. goods are higher than goods from many other countries, the V.A.T. results in further loss of price competitiveness.
Beginning in 1981, the rising strength of the dollar against the British pound has had an adverse affect on the export of U.S. seafood products to the U.K. In 1981, the value of the British pound measured in U.S. cents was 202.42. By February 1985, the value had declined to 109.31. Since then, however, the U.S. dollar has been losing strength and, as of June 30, 1986, the value of the British pound stood at 152.88 U.S. cents. If this trend continues, U.S. products will be able to compete more favorably in the British market. B. Trade Regulations The government of the United Kingdom is in the process of updating regulations governing the sale of food products, including fishery products. The revised regulations form the Food Act of 1984. In addition to the Act, which provides the basic legislation, subordinate legislation under the Act covers the composition of food including additives and contaminants, labeling, treatments, processes, and hygienic quality. The current food labeling regulations (Food Labeling Regulations 1980 and Part IV of the Labeling of Food Regulations 1970) will continue to be in force until July 1, 1986 when the new Food Labeling Regulations 1984 will come into effect. The new regulations update the provisions on claims and misleading descriptions, and revise controls on additives and vitamins.
Under current regulations, all prepackaged food intended for retail sale must be labeled with its common or usual name, if one exists, or with an appropriate designation apprising the buyer of the actual nature of the food. Non-prepackaged foods and foods containing two or more ingredients also must display a ticket or label indicating to the purchaser what the food contains. Specific names have been established for use on labels of prepackaged or non- prepackaged fish. Labels of prepackaged foods must also show the name of a responsible person, such as the packer or labeler, or the name of the person on whose behalf the food was labeled and packed. Most prepackaged foods must carry a complete list of ingredients, including additives, in descending order of importance by weight. Specific regulations determine how and in what manner the required information is to be displayed on the label so that it will be easily seen by the purchaser. A free booklet entitled "Look at the Label", which explains the details of labeling requirements and includes a full list of additives used in the United Kingdom, may be obtained from the following office: Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food (Publications) Lion House, Willowburn Trading Estate Alnwick, Northumberland NE66 2PF, England Regarding food contaminants, the Lead in Food Regulations 1979 contain limits for lead in certain specified foods to which the general maximum limit of 1 mg/kg does not apply. Limits applying to fish are as follows: , „ „ (1) Canned fish 1.0 mg/kg Dried fish 3.0 mg/kg Shellfish 10.0 mg/kg Fish not otherwise specified 2.0 mg/kg 1) Limits were reduced from 2 to 1 mg/kg effective on December 31, 1985. Food canned prior to this date which complies with the 2.0 mg/kg limit will be allowed for sale for a period of two years until December 31, 1987.
At present, there is no statutory limit controlling the level of mercury in foods. However, food containing levels of mercury unacceptable in the country of origin is not acceptable for import into the United Kingdom. Recommended levels of other heavy metals have been established. Some of these include:
Tin, in canned food 250 ppm Copper 20 ppm Zinc 50 ppm
The Arsenic in Food Regulations 1959, as amended, set a limit of 1.0 mg/kg for arsenic in fish and shellfish, with a provision for exemption where the arsenic is naturally present in fish. These regulations are currently being reviewed.
14 Unless otherwise subject to or exempted by specific regulations, all imports of food into the United Kingdom are subject to the Imported Food Regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Broadly, these regulations require that all food entering the U.K. be sound, wholesome and fit for human consumption. The Imported Food Regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of 1868 and 1973 have been consolidated into one document, the Imported Food Regulations of 1984. Imported food which is prepackaged and intended for immediate retail sale to the consumer must comply with the current food labeling regulations as well as those which regulate the composition and advertising of food.
Under the Imported Food Regulations, all imported seafood must comply with public health regulations. A health certificate should be obtained from the National Marine Fisheries Service for all fishery products exports to the U.K. In order to insure the quickest possible clearance for shipments, it is suggested that the following information be provided with each consignment:
* Species of fish/shellfish * If fresh, when and where it was caught * Nature of any processing (including any preservatives used, flavorings, coloring agents, etc.) * Information about any tests conducted on samples of the consignment, including nature of the tests, name of the laboratory conducting the tests, and the results.
The Food (Control of Irradiation) Regulations of 1967, as amended, prohibit the import into, and sale of food in the U.K. that has been subjected to ionizing radiation.
The import of certain species of shellfish whether alive, dead, or processed is prohibited unless done so under license. Details about the specific legislation can be obtained from:
Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food Fisheries Division IIB Lion House, Willowburn Trading Estate Alnwick, Northumberland NE66 2PF England
Other prohibitions and restrictions on the importation of live or dead fish, for example for reasons of conservation or disease are administered by HM Customs and Excise. Detailed information of these can be obtained from the following Office:
HM Customs and Excise, CDB(2) Kent House, Upper Ground London, SE1, England
The general provisions of the Trade Descriptions Act 1968, as amended, and the Weights and Measures Act 1963 also apply to all food and food products when sold for human consumption. There are no specific regulations governing type of packaging. Exporters should conform to accepted commercial practices.
15 Import documentation requirements, as of January 1984, are listed below. These can change frequently so exporters should check with their buyer or agent to confirm or update these requirements.
- Air Way bills - nine copies on I AT A forms.
- Bill of Lading - no regulations.
- Sanitary Certificate - Required. This document is available from the seafood inspection office of the National Marine Fisheries Service.
- Certificate of Origin - three copies certified by a recognized Chamber of Commerce, consular legalization not required. This document is only required for goods consigned to the United Kingdom from a country other than the country of origin.
- Commercial Invoice - two signed copies with full description of goods, F.O.B. and C.I.F. prices, gross and net weight and country of origin. Three copies required of shipping all express.
- Shippers Export Declaration - four copies.
- Import License - required only for restricted items.
V. Summary of U.S. Export Opportunities
Whitefish is likely to remain the predominant seafood consumed in the United Kingdom. For this reason, the most promising export opportunities are for species such as Alaska pollock, sablefish, and Pacific cod. Pacific whiting offers less opportunity because low-cost supplies of whiting already are available.
The best customers for U.S. groundfish exports are the major seafood processors such as Birds Eye Foods, Findus, Ross Foods, Youngs Foods, Brekkes Foods, and Marr Frozen Foods. Exporters should make certain that the product is of the best quality due to the time and distance required for transport.
The trend toward convenience food is increasing market opportunities for processed seafood products. Ready-prepared meals and other products utilizing Alaska pollock and Pacific cod, as well as other species, could have export potential.
The market for canned and frozen salmon will likely remain strong. U.S. exporters, however, are going to be facing increasing competition from Canada, Norway, and Scotland in the fresh and frozen markets and the U.S.S.R. in the canned market. Thus, promotional programs and other market development efforts are going to be required to maintain or increase market share.
Because the British are not large consumers of shellfish, the opportunities for export of shellfish appear to be limited. The market for U.S.-produced crab has been adversely affected by the strong dollar and declines in U.S. production However, when the crab fisheries recover, opportunities for export may exist due to the growing demand for specialty shellfish.
16 REFERENCES CITED
Agra Europe. 1985. Eurofish report no. 208, July 4, 1985. London, England.
Anon. 1984. "Protection of mackerel stocks." AFZ International, August 1984, p. 14.
Anon. 1985a. "British Sea Fish Industry Authority campaign." AFZ International, Spring 1985, p. 10.
Anon. 1985b. "High place for quality in U.K. fish sales push." Fishing News International 24:2-1.
Anon. 1985c. "Salmon growers have new head." Fishing News International 24:5-13.
BBH Corporation. 1985. Exporting seafood products to Europe: France and the United Kingdom. Washington, D.C., June 1985. 14 pp.
FAO. 1984. Yearbook of fishery statistics. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Vol. 57, pag. var.
FAO. 1985a. Globefish data bank. Announcement No. 004408 as sourced from Erkins Seafood Letter. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
FAO. 1985b. Globefish data bank, Announcement No. 004903 as sourced from Eurofish Report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
FAO. 1985c. Globefish data bank. Announcement No. 010609 as sourced from the Sea Fish Industry Authority. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
FAO. 1985d. Globefish data bank. Announcement No. 004340 as sourced from OECD. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
FAO. 1985e. Globefish data bank. Announcement No. 002419 as sourced from Foodnews. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
FAO. 1985f. Globefish data bank. Announcement No. 004339 as sourced from Foodnews. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Infofish Marketing Digest. 1985. "World catch and trade of fish and fishery products in 1984." Infofish, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3:85:25-29.
Infofish Trade News. 1985. Infofish, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. No. 2/85, February 1, 1985.
Infofish Trade News. 1986. Infofish, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. No. 5/86, March 15, 1986.
MAP. 1985. Product group report no. 44: Fish. Market Assessment Publications, London, England. NMFS. 1985. Fisheries of the United States, 1984. U.S. Dept, of Commerce, NOAA, NMFS. Current Fisheries Statistics No. 8360, 121 pp.
OECD. 1982. OECD review of fisheries in OECD member countries, 1981. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. 276 pp.
OECD. 1984. OECD review of fisheries in OECD member countries, 1983. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. 293 pp.
OECD. 1985. OECD review of fisheries in OECD member countries, 1984. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. 318 pp.
Sea Fish Industry Authority. Unpublished import statistics for 1984. Endinburgh, Scotland.
Suishan Tsushin. 1986. Japanese fishery industry newspaper. June 19, 1986, p. 3.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. Export statistics 1981-1985. Bureau of Census, Washington, D.C.
U.S. Department of Commerce. 1983. A study on the impact of non-tariff barriers to U.S. trade in fish and fish products. Report prepared by Sea Fish Industry Authority, ICF Incorporated, Joseph W. Slavin and Associates and P. Lance Graef. USDC Contract No. NA-81-SAC-00636, 624 pp.
Van der Eerden, 1981. "The market for canned fish in the United Kingdom." Infofish Marketing Digest. 1981 Advance Issue, p. 20-23.
18 APPENDIX I
SEAFOOD BUYER CONTACTS FROM VARIOUS TRADE SHOWS 1980-1985
LISTED BY PRODUCT INTEREST
19 Product Name Refer To Company Number
Albacore 28
Bluefish 76, 147, 170
Carp 37, 125, 169
Catfish 66, 169, 190
Clams 45, 47, 53, 131, 137, 157, 159, 163, 177, 186
Cod 64, 138, 142, 178
Crab: General 40, 45, 63, 64, 66, 74, 81, 83, 85, 90, 96, 113, 134, 146, 150, 166, 178, 181
Blue 120, 131, 136, 175, 178, 181, 187
King 11, 73, 190
Snow 11, 171
Stone 83, 190
Crawfish 96, 175
Crevalles 76
Spiny Dogfish 31, 145, 147, 153, 170, 174
Eel 70, 179, 182
Finfish, General 14, 37, 43, 44, 62, 65, 74, 75, 82, 83, 84, 93, 97, 98, 100, 104, 105, 111, 120, 125, 126, 127, 130, 132, 137, 151, 170, 185
Flounder 163
Grouper 71, 82
Halibut 64, 81, 190
Herring 111, 158
Lobster: General 2, 3, 9, 29, 65, 74, 83, 116, 118, 122, 129
Spiny 26
Mackerel 79, 129, 157
20 Product Name Refer To Company Number
Menhaden 89
Monkfish 65, 137, 147
Mullet 71, 126, 164, 176
Mussels 116
Ocean Perch 89, 169
Octopus 178
Oysters 163
Pollock 150, 178
Prawns 166
Processed Seafood Products 42, 48, 50, 60, 79, 81, 82, 86, 102, 108, 113, 121, 127, 131, 132, 134, 146, 150, 152, 154, 157, 168, 176
Redfish or Red Drum 89, 137
Red Snapper 26, 71, 82, 117, 144, 190 (Lutjanus campechanus)
Rockfish 175
Salmon 11, 57, 64, 68, 73, 81, 92, 96, 123, 148, 150, 170, 174, 180, 182, 190
Salmon Roe 87
Sardines 82, 117
Scallops 184
Scampi 186
Scup 147, 170
Sea Bass 71
Seafood: General 1, 5, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 27, 32, 33, 35, 36, 39, 52, 54, 55, 59, 61, 69, 91, 94, 95, 99, 101, 103, 107, 108, 119, 121, 127, 128, 130, 133, 139, 141, 143, 154, 156, 160, 161, 162, 167, 172
21 Product Name Refer To Company Number
Sea Trout 162
Sea Urchins 88,189
Shark 71, 133
Shellfish: General 38, 43, 44, 58, 60, 75, 86, 98, 111, 126, 127, 144, 151, 165, 185
Shrimp 2, 11, 14, 21, 40, 66, 74, 76, 77, 80, 108, 117, 118, 135, 146, 150, 157, 166, 170, 189
Skate Wings 83, 137
Smelt 72
Squid: General 4, 23, 33, 41, 49, 51, 56, 67, 70, 78, 89, 106, 116, 130, 131, 136, 137, 146, 148, 155, 159, 163, 173, 175, 177, 178, 190
Illex 129, 145, 147, 162, 187
Loligo 138, 145, 147, 152, 162
Sturgeon 182
Swordfish 9, 110, 133
Tuna 9, 46, 71, 88, 126, 137, 162
Whitefish 7, 22, 25, 34, 37, 112, 124, 125, 147, 165
Whitefish Roe 6, 30, 43, 115
Whiting 129, 138, 153, 162, 187
22 APPENDIX II
SEAFOOD BUYER CONTACTS FROM VARIOUS TRADE SHOWS 1980-1985
LISTED ALPHABETICALLY BY COMPANY NAME 1. Company: A.P.H. Fish International, Ltd. Address: South Darenth Cold Store St. Margarets Farm South Darenth, Dartford Kent Telephone: Farningham 865225 Telex: 885496 Contact: None listed Type of Company: Importer/Wholesaler to retail food stores. Interest: All varieties of seafood
2. Company: A.W. Butler (Wholesale) Ltd. Address: 53 Butts Green Road Emerson Park Hornchurch, Essex RM11 2JS Telephone: (01) 5150674 Telex: Office: Hormchurch 43316/43916/45302/72527 Contact: A.W. Butler Jr. Type of Company: Wholesaler, Billingsgate Market Interest: Lobster, shrimp
3. Company: Abbeyfreeze Frozen Foods Address: 9 Allenbrooks Station Rd Wymondham Norfolk England Telephone: (0953) 606256 Contact: John Patston Type of Company: Wholesaler Interest: Spiny lobster tails
4. Company: Aberdeen Prime Fish Address: 73 Netherlands Rd. Oakleigh Port Barnet ENJ IBS England Telephone: (01) 4464148 Telex: 21979 Contact: Anthony M. Tovev Type of Company: Importer/Exporter Interest: Squid
5. Company: Aimcalm Ltd. Address: Unit 4, Chapman Park Industrial Estate High Road, Willesden London N.W. 10, England Telephone: (01) 4514377/8 Contact: Geoffrey O'Brian Type of Company: Importer/Wholesaler to major supermarket chains Interest: New products for fresh market
24 6. Company: Alan Porter Provisions Ltd. Address: Farnley Square, Farnley Otley, Leeds Yorkshire England Telephone: 466348 Contact: Alan Porter Type of Company: Distributor Interest: Whitefish roe
7. Company: Alveston Kitchens Address: Warwick House Birmingham Road Warwickshire CV 37 6SH England Telephone: (0926) 490174 Telex: 311282 Contact: Stephen Tomlison Type of Company: Retailer Interest: Whitefish for processing
8. Company: Anglo European Foods Limited Address: Arctic House West Kent Cold Store Rye Lane, Dunton Green Sevenoaks, Kent Telephone: Sevenoaks (0732) 460611 Telex: 957531 Contact: Ken Keen Type of Company: Distributor to retail markets/food service Interest: All varieties of frozen seafood
9. Company: Ark Fisheries Addres: 51/52 Cliffs High Street E. Sussex E. So. England Telephone: 476912 Contact: Aetdes Roe Type of Company: Retailer Interest: Shark, swordfish, tuna, lobster
10. Company: Armour Address: C/O Food Brokers Ltd. Milbourne, Copsem Lane Esher, Surrey Telephone: (0372) 66891 Telex: 929873 Markets Serviced: Import Interest: All varieties of seafood
25 11. Company: Arpino Gibbs Frozen Foods Ltd. Address: Unit 8 Coldharbour Ind. Est. 129/131 Coldharbour Ln. London SE5 9NY England Telephone: (01) 2744051 Telex: 8953538 Verona Contact: Mario Arpino Type of Company: Importer/Wholesaler/Distributor Interest: King crab, snow crab, shrimp, canned salmon
12. Company: Associated Cold Stores & Transport Limited Address: Park Lane, Wolverhampton WV 10 90D England Telephone: (0902) 731611 Telex: 339905 Contact: P.C. Hudson Type of Company: Distributor Interest: Will provide distribution network for seafood products
13. Company: Associated Fisheries Address: 16 Queens Gate London SW1 Telephone: (01) 2220404 Telex: 262224 Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood
14. Company: Atalanta (U.K.) Ltd. Address: Imperial House, Dominion St. London EC2M 2SA England Telephone: (01) 6067231 Telex: 884947 Contact: Traian Terletchi Interest: Fish, shrimp
15. Company: Atlantic Queen Seafoods Address: 924 Oxford Road, Tilehurst Reading, Berks RG3 6TB ENG England Telephone: (0734) 25544 Telex: 848071 Contact: David Ragan Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood
26 Company: B & A Roome Address: 43 Sadlergate Derby England Contact: A. Roome Type of Company: Buyer Interest: All varieties of seafood
17. Company: Banner Seafoods Ltd. Address: 20 Quay Walls, Berwick upon Tweed, TD15 1HB Northumberland, U.K. Telephone: (0289) 308475/308477 Telex: 537464 BANNER G Contact: A.N. Sedgwick Type of Company: Processor/Wholsaler Interest: All varieties of seafood 18. Company: Bards Smoked Salmon, Ltd. Address: 2 Salamans Way Ferry Lane Rainham, Essex RM 13 9UL Telephone: (04027) 22533 Telex: 895-1436 Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood 19. Company: The Bar Flv Address: 5 Avery Row London W1X 9HA England Telephone: (01) 4939744 Telex: 261376 Contact: Nicholas A. Mobbs Type of Company: Restaurant Interest: All varieties of seafood
20. Company: Beckdale Foods Limited Address: 16 Main Street Wilsford, Grantham Lincolnshire NG323NS England Telephone: (0400) 30520 Telex: 37270 Contact: Gordon J. Sanders Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood
21. Company: Beefeater Steak Houses Ltd. Address: Luron Road Dunsmable, Beds Telephone: (0582) 600144 Contact: Ian Sannders Type of Company: Food service Interest: Shrimp
27 22. Company: Birdseye Wall's, Ltd. Address: Station Avenue Walton on Thornes Surrey KT12 INT Telephone: (0932) 228888 Telex: 261255 Type of Company: Importer/Processor Interest: All varieties of seafood, especially whitefish
23. Company: Birmingham Salmon Ltd. Address: Unit 19 Wholesale Street Birmingham England Telephone: (021) 6222018 Contact: Bill Chnibber Type of Company: Wholesaler Interest: Squid
24. Company: Blue Crest Address: Murray Street Grimsby Docks Grimsby, South Humberside Telephone: Office: (0472) 45156 Factory: (0472) 44781 Telex: 527768 Contact: Mike Crooks Type of Company: Importer/Processor Interest: All varieties of seafood
25. Company: Brekkes, Ltd. Address: William Wright Dock Hull, England Telephone: Hull 27396 (10 lines) Telex: 52109 Contact: Peter R. Lovell Type of Company: Importer/Processor Interest: All varieties of seafood, especially whitefish
26. Company: Bretton Fisheries Address: Rightwell Center Bretton Peterborough PE3 8DS England Telephone: 265383 Contact: John Waller Type of Company: Buyer Interest: Snapper, spiny lobster
28 Company: Bromham Hospital Address: N. Hampton Road Bromham, Bedfordshire England Telephone: Oakley 2095 Ext.12 Contact: G.A. Minney Type of Company: Buyer/Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood
Company: Buitoni Foods Address: Wilson Road, Huyton Liverpool, England Telephone: (051) 4807333 Telex: 628049 Contact: David J. Clarke Type of Company: Processor Interest: Albacore Company: C & A Seafoods Address: 88 Billingsgate Market West India Dock Road London E14 8ST England Telephone: (01) 5559192 Contact: C.V. Seagrave Type of Company: Importer Interst: Lobster Company: Champagne Exchange Address: 17 C. Curzon St. London W.l England Telephone: 4031606 Contact: A.D. Marks Type of Company: Restaurant Interest: Whitefish
Company: China Products Co. Address: P.0. Box 140056 2322 Ponce De Leon Coral Gables, Florida 33134 Telephone: (305) 4460498 Telex: 522716 AMIGO Contact: Dr. Felix Mar-Quand Type of Company: Importer/Exporter Interest: Dried or frozen dogfish fins
Company: Clipper Fish Products Address: 159 N. Esplanade East Aberdeen, Scotland Telephone: (0224) 596204 Telex: 73659 Contact: None listed Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood
29 33. Company: Clouston Foods Europe Limited Address: 924, Oxford Road, Tilehurst Reading, Berkshire, RG3 6TB England Telephone: Reading (0734) 25544 Telex: 848071/848026 Contact: Richard West Type of Company: Importer/Exporter Interest: All varieties of seafood, especially squid 34. Company: Cobent Garden Fishmongers Address: Jubilee Market Covent Garden London W.C.2 England Telephone: (01) 9959273 Contact: Philip Diamond Type of Company: Unknown Interest: Fresh whitefish Company: Cold Water Fish, Ltd. Address: Aston Road Bampton, Ox ford, OXB 2AF England Telephone: (0993) 850818 Telex: 837349 Contact: Weston Lloyd Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood Company: Collins Seafoods Address: Edward Street Bishop Auckland Co Durham England Contact: R. Collins Type of Company: Importer/Retailer Interest: All varieties of seafood 37. Company: Coin Valley Fish & Game Address: Windon Cirencester England Telephone: (0285) 724000 Contact: John R. Davis Type of Company: Importer Interest: Fish for smoking, whitefish, carp
38. Company: Coumbrae Oysters Address: 40 Westbourne Gardens Glasgow G12 9PF Scotland, U.K. Telephone: (041) 3395138 Contact: R.B. Cousins Type of Company: Importer/Exporter Interest: Shellfish
30 39. Company: Dale's of Liverpool, Ltd. Address: 325 Prescot Road Liverpool L13 3AT England Telephone: (051) 2204341 Contact: Peter Toles Type of Company: Distributor Interest: All varieties of seafood, fresh and frozen
40. Company: Dan-Maid Seafoods Address: Barrow House, Bishopstrow, Warminster, Wiltshire, U.K. BA129UH Telephone: Warminster (0985) 214656 Telex: 449357 Contact: None listed Type of Company: Importer/Exporter Interest: Crab, shrimp
41. Company: Dawnfresh Seafoods, Ltd Address: North Shore Whitehaven Cambria CA287XQ England Telephone: (0946) 61141 Telex: 64283 Contact: John V. Catherall Type of Company Importe r/Exporte r Interest: Squid
42. Company: Denvale Serives Moorside Markland Hill Lane Bolton Lancs England Contact: N. Widocks Type of Company: Distributor Interest: Processed seafood products
43. Company: Devon Oysters, Ltd. Address: Hillcrest Frogmore Devon Contact: Paul Mellur Type of Company: Processor/Distributor Interest: Whitefish roe, shellfish, finfish
44. Company: Downing Frozen Foods Limited Address: 6 South Street Ipswich, Suffolk, IP1 3 NU. Telephone: Ipswich (0473) 55065/6 Telex: 987045 Contact: Robert A. Stock Type of Company: Importer/Distributor Interest: Shellfish, finfish
31 45. Company: Dragon & Phoenix Ltd. Address: 15-18 White Lion St. London N.l 9PD. England Telephone: (01) 8370146 Contact: D. Lyen Type of Company: Importer/Distributor Interest: Clams, crab
46. Company: Dudley Flowers Cottage Address; Speen Alesbury Buckinghamshire, England Telephone: (024) 028397 Telex: Will have soon Contact: None listed Type of Company: Importer Interest: Tuna
47. Company: Dyfed Enterprises Ltd. Address: 30 Danlan Parks Pembrey, Lhanelli Dyfed SA16000 England Telephone: (05546) 3367 Type of Company: Wholesaler Interest: Clam products
48. Company: East Anglia's Premier Fish Merchant Address: St. Ives Telephone: (0480) 65135 Contact: Davie A. Jennings Type of Company: Retailer/Food Serive Interest: Seafood delicacies
49. Company: East Lincolnshire Seafoods Address: Unit 19 Broadfield Lane Industrial Estate Boston Lincolnshire England Telephone: (0205) 66351 Contact: None listed Type of Company: Importer/Retailer Interest: Squid
50. Company: Eliko Food Distribuotrs, Ltd. Address: Unit D, Ashley Works Ashley Road London, N17 9LJ, England Telephone: (44) 18014311 Telex: 893945 Eliko G Contact: E. Kohn Type of Company: Distributor Interest: Kosher canned seafoods
32 51. Company: Entrade Limited Address: 75 Davies Street London W1Y 1FA England Telephone: (493) 7937 Telex: 23622 Contact: Erdil Nami Type of Company: Importer Interest: Squid
5 2. Company: F. Smales & Son Address: West Dock Street Hull England Telephone: (0482) 24997 Telex: 527260 Contact: Ron B. Bray Type of Company Retailer Interest: All varieties of seafood
53. Company: Finishing Touch Address: 13 Lowndes Squire London SW.l England Telephone: (245) 9659 Contact: Ronald Mills Type of Company: Distributor Interest: Clams
54. Company: Fishmongers Address: 29 Thistle Street Aberdern Scotland U.K. Contact: Ken Watmough Type of Company: Unknown Interest: All varieties of seafood, fresh and frozen
55. Company: Flying Goose Limited Address: Barrow House, Bishopstrow Warminster, Wiltshire BA12 9HU England Telephone: (0985) 2144565 Telex: 449743 Contact: Ian Frostick Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood
33 Company: Fodeco (U.K.) Ltd. Address: 57 Windmill Street Gravensend Kent DA 12 IBB England Telephone: (0474) 50833 Telex: 96364 Contact: Bo V. Larsen Type of Company: Distributor Interest: Squid
Company: Food Brokers, Ltd. Address: 3 Copsem Lane Esher, Surrey England Telephone: (0372) 66891 Contact: James E. Bishop Type of Company: Importer/Broker Interest: Canned salmon
Company: Fresh Seafoods (Barry) Ltd. Address: 3 Western Shelters Barry Island Barry South Glamorgan Wales Telephone: (0446) 745579 Contact: L.D. Neale Type of Company: Importer/Food Service Interest: All shellfish
Company: G.C. Baxter, Ltd. Address: Sarre, Nr. Birchington Kent CT7 OLD Telephone: Thanet (0843) 81601/9 Telex: 96408 Contact: A. Baxter Type of Company: Food Service Interest: All types of seafood
Company: G.E. Roberts Fish Game & Catering Foods Address: Killick Way Williton Taunton Contact: George Roberts Type of Company: Wholesaler Interest: Shellfish, seafood delicacies
Company: G.M.W. International, Ltd. Address: Suite M4 Victoria House 37/63 Southhampton Row London WC1B 5HR Telephone: (01) 4059541, (01) 4054882 Telex: 261611 INTRAD G Interest: Not specified. 62. Company: G.R. Food Products Address: 99A Regina Road Southall Middlesex, England Contact: None listed Type of Company: Processor Interest: Finfish suitable for pickling 63. Company: Galaxy Frozen Foods Address: 87 Raedwald Drive Moreton Hall Bury St. Edmunds Suffolk Telephone: Bury St. Edmunds (0284) 4602 Contact: Russell Scott Wilds Type of Company: Wholesaler Interest: Crab 64. Company: Gatwick Flight Catering, Ltd. Address: Woolborough Lane Crawley W. Sussex, RH 10 2AQ England Telephone: (0293) 517515 Telex: OPS 877891 Contact: Dave Williams Type of Company: Airline caterer Interest: Cocktail claws, portion controlled salmon, halibut and cod 65. Company: Gibralter Cold Store Ltd. Address: P.O. Box 110 Gibralter England Telephone: 75501-4 Telex: 2217GK Contact: Robert Benson Type of Company: Importer/Retailer Interest: Monkfish, lobster, fish 66. Company: Gingercress Address: Widford Road Much Hadham Herts 59 10 6AT Contact: Dr. M.J. Smith Type of Company: Importer/Retailer Interest: Crab, shrimp, catfish
67. Company: Godrevy Seafoods Address: Unit 2 Penbeagle Industrial Estate, St. Ives Cornwall England Telephone: (0736) 798245 Contact: Authony Gilbert Type of Company: Importer Interest: Squid for bait
35 68.68 Company: Goodfare Products Address: Moston Road Middleton Junction Manchester England Telephone: (061) 6435252 Telex: 668392 Contact: Michael E. Hyman Type of Company: Importer Interest: Salmon products
69. Company: Grand Fisheries, Inc. Address: 1 Brook Lane Flitton, Bedfordshire MK45 6TU England Telephone: (0525) 60403 Contact: Somerset Moore Type of Company: Wholesaler Interest: All varieties of seafood
70. Company: H. Binfield & Son Address: 4 High St. Seaford East Sussex BN25 IPG England Telephone: (0323) 892214 Contact: Andrew Binfield Type of Company: Retailer Interest: Squid, eel
71. Company: H. Kilburn Ltd. Address: 18 The Arcade Market Hall Huddersfield, West Y England Telephone: (0484) 21298 Contact: Martin Manfield Type of Company: Importer Interest: Snapper, tuna, mullet, shark, sea bass, grouper
7 2. Company: H & S Openshaw, Ltd. Address: Barrack St./Ormond St. Bolton England Telephone: 34585 Telex: 635739 Contact: Peter Kay Type of Company: Importer/Exporter Interest: Smelt
36 73. Company: Hales Snails Address: 25 Pages Walk London SE1 4SB England Telex: 987506 Contact: Richard Hales Type of Company: Importer Interest: King crab, smoked salmon
74. Company: Hatton Rock Trout Farm, Ltd. Address: The Aquacultural Research Centre Hatton Rock Stratford upon Avon Telephone: (0789) 296266 Contact: R.B. Towle, M.D Type of Company: Importer/Exporter/Distributor Interest: Lobster, crab, claws, shrimp, finfish
75. Company: Holden's Food Marketing Ltd. Address: 169 Chaddom Road Tauntom Somerset Contact: Peter Holden Type of Company: Distributor to retail Interest: Shellfish, finfish
76. Company: Hosier Lane Trading Co. Address: 2527 Hosier Lane West Smithfield ECI Telephone: (01) 2483510 Contact: Ian Bastable Type of Company: Wholesaler/Exporter Interest: Squid, rock shrimp, crevalles, bluefish
77. Company: Ice 'N' Easy (Seafoods), Ltd. Address: Unit 6, Burns Way Industrial Estate Holmbush Potteries Faygate, Horsham West Sussex, RH12 4SE Telephone: Faygate (029383) 451/2 Telex: 877061 ICEASY G Contact: D. Becarevic Type of Company: Importer/Exporter Interest: Shrimp
78. Company: Ice-Pak Seafood Specialists Address: 5 Medway Queensbury Bradford England Telex: 919021 Contact: Alan E. Cantrill Type of Company: Importer Interest: Squid
37 79. Company: Imperial Inns & Taverns Ltd. Address: Pier House Strand-on-the-Green Chiswick London W4 3NN England Telephone: (01) 9213131 Telex: 919021 Contact: Mike McGrath Type of Company: Distributor Interest: Canned seafood for distribution to Middle East, frozen mackerel
80. Company: Impwell Limited Address: 2 Wilkes Street London El 6QF Telephone: (01) 2472411 Telex: 8814836 Contact: None Listed Type of Company: Importer Interest: Large shrimp
81. Company: International Catering, Ltd. Address: Horton Road Colnbrook Slough SL3 OBB England Contact: Fred G. Franklin Type of Company: Caterer Interest: Crab products, portion controlled salmon, and halibut
82. Company: International Seafoods Address: Franks Place, Headcorn, Kent TN27 9SX, England Telephone: Headcorn (0622) 890767 Telex: 965800 Contact: Peter Davis Type of Company: Importer/Distributor Interest: Snapper, grouper, sardines on private label, other types of finfish
83. Company: Island Pearl Seafoods Address: 57-63 Churchfield Road London W3 6AU Telephone: (01) 9928668/9 Telex: 928519 Contact: George C. Thomas Type of Company: Importer/Exporter/Distributor Interest: Skate wings, lobster, stone crab, crab claws, finfish
38 84. Company: J. Bennett (Billingsgate), Ltd. Address: 24 Billingsgate Market West India Dock Road Poplar, London E14 8St. England Telephone: (01) 5156007 Telex: 8953998 Contact: John W. Shelton Type of Company: Wholesaler Interest: Finfish for smoking 85. Company: J.L. Mawby & Co., Ltd. Address: Mawby House 28-32 Spittal Street Marlow Bucks SL7 3HJ Telephone: Marlow (06284) 72972 Telex: 847962 Contact: J.L. Mawby Type of Company: Importer Interest: Crab claws 86. Company: J. Van Smirren Co. Address: 30 Wharnecliffe Road Fishdocks Grimsby, S. Humberside Contact: Peter Martinelli Type of Company: Distributor Interest: Shellfish, new seafood products 87. Company: James Dinsdale Sons (Dent) Address: 60 Main St. Kirkby Lonsdale Cumbria England Telephone: K. L. 71237 Contact: J.R. Goodyear Type of Company: Importer Interest: Salmon roe 88. Company: Japan Agency & Consultancy Address: 356 Regents Park Road London N3 2LJ England Telephone: (01) 3469273 Telex: 24993 Tazaki Contact: Shingo Kanaoya Type of Company: Importer for restaurant trade Interest: Sea urchins, tuna
89. Company: Jaynike (London) Ltd. Address: 371 Horn Lane Western Avenue London W3 ODA, England Telex: None listed Contact: Roger Gurney or J. Diosi Type of Company: Importer directly to Nigeria Interest: Frozen menhaden, squid, redfish, ocean perch
39 90 Company: Johma Limited U.K. Address: 797 London Road Thornton Heath Surrey CR4 6AW Telephone: (01) 6842945 Telex: 946637 Contact: Terry Wynne (London) Type of Company: Importer/Processor Interest: Crabmeat
91. Company: John Henshall, Ltd. Address: New Smithfield Market Whitworth Street East Manchester Mil 2WJ England Telephone: (061) 2239411 Telex: 6678874 Contact: J.D. Henshall Type of Company: Unknown Interest: All varieties of seafood
92. Company: John Koch, Ltd. Address: Office 72 Billingsgate Market West Dock Rd. London England Telephone: (01) 9872872 Contact: Sydney D. Gibbard Type of Company: Wholesaler Interest: Salmon steaks
93. Company: John Lipscombe, Ltd. Address: Office 24 (Shop 29) Billingsgate Market, 87 West India Dock Road, London E14 8ST Telephone: (01) 5154308 Telex: 8812703 Contact: P.W. McCoy Type of Company: Distributor at Billingsgate Market Interest: Finfish, sells to West Indian ethnic market
94. Company: John Martin Address: Southwark Street London SE1 Telephone: (01) 4031151 Telex: 8813121 Contact: None listed Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood
40 95. Company: John West Address: Stanley Street Liverpool Telephone: (051) 2368771 Telex: 627188 Contact: None listed Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood
96. Company: K.J. Lovering & Company, Inc. Address: 19 Station Avenue Calesham Sumy England Telephone: (0883) 49426 Contact: Ken Lovering Type of Company: Importer/Retailer Interest: Salmon, crab, crawfish
97. Company: Kent Fisheries & Foods Ltd. Address: 4 Church Street Chatham, Kent ME4 4BS Telephone: (0634) 814597 & 826018 Contact: A.T. Coppin Type of Company: Importer/Exporter Interest: Inexpensive finfish to export to Africa Eastern Europe
98. Company: King Frost Address: 9 Kilvin Drive Beverley North Humberside England Telephone: (0482) 80522 Contact: C. Thompson Type of Company: Importer Interest: Finfish, shellfish
99. Company: Kiril Mischeff, Ltd. Address: Broadwall House 21, Broadwall London SE1 9PL Telephone: (01) 9288966 Telex: 25450 Contact: None listed Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood
100. Company: Krondella Foods, Ltd. Address: Unit P Penfold Works Imperial Way Watford Contact: D.S. Clarke Type of Company: Exporter Interest: Inexpensive finfish for export to Egypt
41 101. Company: L & M Food Group Address: 454-456 Larkshall Road Highams Park London E4 9HH England Telephone: (01) 5317631 Telex: 897334 Contact: S. Hemphill Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood 102. Company: Les Amis Du Vin Address: 7 Ariel Way Whepherds Bush London W12 7SM England Telephone: (01) 7400053 Contact: Melville Abraham Type of Company: Distributor Interest: Restaurant items 103. Company: Lintach Sales Address: 108 B Kilton Hill Workshop, Nottinghamshire England Telephone: (090) 9482984 Contact: Mr. Thomas Type of Company: Unknown Interest: All varieties of seafood
104. Company: Lowestoff Col. Stone, Ltd. Address: Whaoloan Road Lowestoft, Suffock Englam Telephone: 64476 64888 Telex: 97145 Contact: I.M. Hepton Type of Company: Exporter Interest: Flatfish, fresh and frozen 105. Company: L.G. Goodwin, Ltd. Address: Market Place Braintree, Essex Contact: R.L. Goodwin Type of Company: Distributor Interest: Fresh finfish 106. Company: Lusitania Sea Products Address: P.0. Box 2844 Port Elizabeth 6056 South Africa Telephone: (54) 4936 Telex: 746244 Contact: Carlos Simal Type of Company: Importer Interest: Squid 107 Company: M&J Seafoods Address: 3942 Rabans Close Rabans Lane Trading Est. Aylesbury Bucks England Telephone: (02) 9632711 Contact: Larry Hay Type of Company: Distributor Interest: All varieties of seafood
108. Company: M.J. Dowdeswell & Co., Ltd. Address: The Bank House, Station Year Charfield, Wotton-under-Edge Gloucestershire GL12 8SY England Telephone: (0453) 854204 Contact: Michael J. Dowdeswell Type of Company: Wholesaler Interest: Breaded shrimp and other varieties of seafood
109. Company: Mac Fisheries Address: Johnson House 75179 Park Street Camberely, Surrey GU15 3ST Telephone: (0276) 63422 Telex: 858915 Contact: None listed Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood
110. Company: Mardon Export, Ltd. Address: The White House 4-10 Queens Square Poulton-Le-Fylde Lancs. FY6 7BN England Telephone: (0253) 892514 Telex: 677496 MARDEX G Contact: Tony Barton Type of Company: Importer/Exporter Interest: Swordfish
111. Company: Marinpro, Ltd. Address: Ferry Road Topsham, Devon England Telephone: 4671/2/3 Telex: 42913 Contact: W.J. Hoey Type of Company: Processor Interest: Herring, marinated, salt cured, frozen whole or filleted; finfish, shellfish
43 112. Company: Marr Frozen Foods, Ltd. Address: 102 Gillett Street Hull, North Humberside HU3 4JG Telephone: (0482) 26563 Telex: 52461 Type of Company: Processor Interest: All varieties of seafood, especially whitefish 113. Company: Marriott in Flight Catering Address Faggs Road Feltham Middlesex England Telephone: (01) 7516131 Telex: 25451 Contact: Leonardo Farnocchia Type of Company: Caterer Interest: Stuffed crab, prepared seafood items 114. Company: Maytemp Ltd. Address: 48 Cawston Lane Dunchurch England Contact: G.L. Finnet Type of Company: Importer Interest: Stuffed crab 115. Company: The Mecca Address: 5 Orford Hill Norwich, Norfolk England Telex: 614829 Contact: P. Barber Type of Company: Distributor Interest: Whitefish roe 116. Company: Midfish Address: 22-23 Fish & Poultry Market Birmingham Markets Precinct Pershore Street Birmingham England Telephone: (021) 6226244 Telex: 336639 Contact: Keith Smith Type of Company: Importer Interest: Squid, mussels, lobster
117. Company: Minch Shipping & Trading Co., Ltd. Address: 8 Shepherd Market Mayfair London W1 Telephone: (01) 4992664/(01) 5158146 Telex: 25234 Contact: F.C. Doyle Type of Company: Distributor Interest: All varieties of seafood, especially shrimp, rock shrimp, sardines, red snapper
44 118. Company: Moray Seafoods, Buckie Address: Low Street, Buckie Bannshire, Scotland Telephone: Buckie, (0542) 31296 Telex: 73287 Type of Company: Wholesaler Interest: Shrimp & lobster for restaurant trade 119. Company: Muirson Food Brokers International, Ltd. Address: Northdown House Chapel Road Smallfield, Surrey Telephone: (034284) 33669 Telex: 95386 Contact: Hamish R. Muirhead Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood 120. Company: Musson £ Co. (Liverpool), Ltd. Address: Russell House 1-9 Saville Rd. Liverpool LI3 4DJ England Telephone: (051) 2208081/2/3 Telex: 629042 Musan G. Contact: Tim Howarth Type of Company: Wholesaler Interest: Frozen fish, blue crab meat, soft-shell crabs 121. Company: My Kinda Town, Ltd. Address: 5 Raphael Street Knightsbridge SW7 England Telephone: (581) 7933 Contact: Marrhew Sewell Type of Company: Importer/Retailer Interest: Unique seafood products 122. Company: Naizam Munjee Address: 24 Station Road Middlesex UB7 7BY West Drayton 42280 Telephone: None listed Type of Company: Distributor Interest: Lobster
123. Company: Neptune Seafoods Limited Address: Dart Mills Buckfastleigh Devon TQ 11 ONF England Telephone: 43282 Telex: 42671 Contact: David Miles Type of Company: Processor Interest: Salmon
45 124. Company: Norfin Address: Barn House 38 Meadow Way Eastcote, Ruislip Middlesex HA48T London England Telephone: (01) 8681255 Telex: 23383 Contact: Jorma Kaartinen Type of Company: Importer Interest: Frozen whole whitefish in container loads
125. Company: Ocean Dream Ltd. Address: 113 the Fairway N7H Webley Middx England Telephone: (01) 9804341 Contact: Marc Daniels Type of Company: Importer Interest: Smoked whitefish, carp, fish suitable for smoking
126. Company: Ocean Treasure Address: St. Ives Cornwall England Telephone: (0736) 793003 Telex: 45435 Contact: Ian N.M. Thompson Type of Company: Processor Interest: Tuna, red mullet, species of fish or shellfish suitable for smoking
127. Company: Oshawa Foods Address: 125 the Queensway Toronto, Canada M8Y 1H7 Telephone: (416) 2596633 Telex: 06-984846 Contact: C.E. Candy Type of Company: Wholesaler (primarily to supermarkets) Interest: Consumer-ready, retail-packed products (fresh, frozen, canned), finfish, shellfish
128. Company: P & W Address: Unit WS4 Main Street West Wilts Trading Estate Westbury, Wiltshire England Telephone: (0373) 823990 Contact: Peter I. Davidson Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood
46 129. Company: Parkin International Address: Unit 3 Langthwaite Grange Industrial Estate S. Kirkby WF9 3AP West Yorkshire England Telephone: (0977) 49242 Telex: 557839 PARKIN G Contact: Steve Billingham Type of Company: Impo rte r/Exporte r Interest: Whiting, frozen, whole; mackerel, frozen, whole; frozen lobster tails and whole frozen Illex squid. Exports to Mid-east markets.
130. Company: Paul Agnar Seafoods (U.K.), Ltd. Address: 17 Edison Road Bearbrook Industrial Project Rabans Lane Aylesbury England Telephone: (0296) 22377 Telex: 837877 Contact: Dennis B. Thomas Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood
131. Company: Petro Services, Ltd. Address: 153a Park Rd. St. John's Wood London NW8 7HT England Telephone: (01) 5869226 Contact: R.J. Carobin Type of Company: Unknown Interest: Frozen products for retail trade; cleaned squid with tentacles, clam products, softshell crabs
132. Company: Pheonis Farm Foods Address: Unit D7 Taylor Ind: Estate Culcheth Warrington Cheshire England Telephone: CULCHETH.6647 Contact: R. Siequien Type of Company: Unknown Interest: Packaged fish products
133. Company: Pisces, Ltd. Address: Unit 1 Eoodford Park Industrial Estate Winsford Cheshire Contact: Niel J. Crawford Type of Company: Retailer Interest: Swordfish, shark, various varieties of seafood
47 134. Company: The Plough Address: Plough Lane Downside Clothshall Surey England Telephone: (0932) 62514 Contact: None listed Type of Company: Unknown Interest: Prepared seafood products; stuffed crab 135. Company: Ponderosa, Inc. Address: Watford, England 21245 Telephone: None listed Contact: Steve Cable Type of Company: Importer/Wholesaler Interest: Green, headless Gulf shrimp 136. Company: Porter Frozen Foods, Ltd. Address: Sulby House North Street Sudbury, Suffol CO 10 6 RE England Telephone: (0787) 310800 Telex: 987506 Contact: Richard Hales Type of Company: Unknown Interest: Squid, blue crab products
137. Company: Porter Foods Address: 23 Pages Walk London SE1 4SB, England Telephone: (02) 2312410 Telex: 291979 Contact: Martin Knights Type of Company: Importer Interest: Clams, all types of finfish, frozen, especially yellowfin tuna, skate, monkfish, sea trout, squid
138. Company: Poultry Products Ltd. Address: P.0. Box 539 Valletta, Malta Telephone: 612451/3 Telex: 1420 MW Contact: Anthony L. Psaila Type of Company: Importer Interest: Loligo squid tubes cleaned or frozen, whole, in 15 kg blocks; cod fillets, whiting fillets
139. Company: Princess Foods Address: Royal Liver Building Loverpool, England Telephone: (051) 2369282 Telex: 628095 Contact: None listed Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood
48 Company: Quayside Fish Centre Address: Porthleven, Cornwall England Telephone: HELSTON 62008 Contact: John Strike Type of Company: Distributor Interest: Processed products for reta Company: R & A Seafoods (Northern), : Address: P.0. Box 11, Southport Merseyside PR9 7EJ England Telephone: (0704) 44156 Telex: 946707 Contact: Bernard A. Capper Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood Company: R. Donnan & Sons Address: Trinity Pier, Millbay Docks Plymouth, Devon England Telephone: 662135 Telex: 45235 DONNAN 4-G Contact: J.C. Cabello Type of Company: Importer Interest: Cod
Company: Ranch House Restaurant Address: Werters Restaurants, Ltd. 9 Golders Green Road London NW 11 Telephone: (01) 458 9164/3631 Contact: R.P. Kane Type of Company: Distributor Interest: All varieties of seafood Company: Riverglobe Limited Address: 8 Hazeldene Road Welling, Kent DA16 1NR England Telephone: (03) 30311211 Contact: Bob Bartlett Type of Company: Distributor Interest: Shellfish, red snapper Company: Robinson & Carr, Ltd. Address: Northgate, Sleaford Lincolnshire, U.K. Telephone: (0529) 302206 Telex: 377569 Robco G Contact: Gordon J. Sanders Type of Company: Importer Interest: Dogfish backs and flaps, 11 whole, 25 kg blocks
49 146. Company: Rosemary's Address: 157 Aylsham Road Norwich, NR3 2AD Telephone: (0603) 410083/400659 Contact: J. Wilson Type of Company: Distributor Interest: Rock shrimp, squid, crab products
147. Company: Ross Foods, Ltd. Address: Ross House Grimsby, South Humberside DN31 3SW Telephone: (0472) 59111 Telex: 52182 Contact: John Briggs Type of Company: Importer/Processor/Distributor Interest: All varieties of seafood, especially squid (Loligo and Illex), monkfish, dogfish, bluefish, scup & species of whitefish
148. Company: S. Baron, Ltd. Address: Assembly Passage Mile End Road London El 4UR England Telephone: (01) 7902246 Telex: 887054 Contact: Graham Evans Type of Company: Processor Interest: Salmon
149. Company: S & J Fisheries Address: 11 Quay Road Barbican, Plymouth England Telephone: 265556 Contact: Joe Evans or Ken Sampson Type of Company: Wholesaler Interest: Cleaned squid tubes, block and retail pack
150. Company: S & W Berisford (Foods), Ltd. Address: Berisford House King Street, Middlewich Cheshire, CW 109 LY England Telephone: 4721 Telex: 668173 Contact: T.R. Conner Type of Company: Importer/Distributor to supermarkets Interest: Canned crab, shrimp, breaded products, salmon steaks, pollock products 151. Company: St. Edmond Foods, Ltd. Address: 8 Clarence Road Clare, Suffolk, C010 8QN England Telephone: Clare (0787) 277346 Telex: 98183 Contact: John A. Baker Type of Company: Importer/Distributor Interest: All types of shellfish and finfish, fresh and frozen, new seafood items and specialty products.
152. Company: Sco-Fro Foods, Ltd. Address: 30 George Square Glasgow, Scotland Telephone: (041) 2211747 Telex: 778131 Contact: Stanley Ian Bernard Type of Company: Importer/Exporter/Processor Interest: Cleaned Loligo tubes
153. Company: Sea Products International Address: Harborne Court 67-69 Harborne Road Edgbaston Birmingham B15 3BU England Contact: Roger Robbins Type of Company: Processor/Packer/Importer/Distributor Interest: Dogfish and whiting
154. Company: Sea Qual Fisheries, Ltd. Address: 202 Central Markets London, ECIA 9LJ England Telephone: (01) 2368609 Telex: 881858 KEEVIL Contact: C.S. Angliss Type of Company: Importer Interest: Frozen seafood products
155. Company: Seven Seas, Ltd. Address: The Grove, High Street Swanley, Kent, BR8 8AJ United Kingdom Telephone: Swanley 60411/4 Telex: 896644 Contact: Eugene Y.H. So Type of Company: Importer/Exporter Interest: Squid 156. Company: Sherrards Address: 1 Digbeth St. Stow-on-the-Wold Gloucestershire GL54 1BN Telephone: Stow (0451) 317/33 Contact: J.H. Webb Type of Company: Food service Interest: All varieties of seafood
157. Company: Shetland Fish Processors Assoc. Address: Albert Bdgs. Espanade, Lerwick Shetland lies ZE1 OLL England Telex: 75350 Contact: Sandy Clunes Type of Company: Distributor Interest: Clam chowder, mackerel, shrimp; also interested in retail ready products
158. Company: Sidwell & Co., Ltd. Address: Rosemount Tauer Strafford Road, Wallington Surrey, England SM6 8RT Telephone: (01) 6693211 Telex: 261014 Contact: E.J. Larcombe Type of Company: Unknown Interest: Canned herring in oil or tomato sauce, packed under private label if possible
159. Company: Simon's Fisheries Address: Shrewville, Ltd. Imperial House, Redlands Consdon Surrey CR3 2HT England Telephone: (668) 0931 Telex: 946675 Contact: Charles Organ Type of Company: Importer/Exporter Interest: Hard clams, cleaned squid tubes
160. Company: Smithfield Limited Address: London House Wharncliffe Road Grimsby, South Humberside DN3 13QF Telephone: (0472) 4126200 Telex: 527287 Contact: None listed Type of Company: Importer Interest: All varieties of seafood 161. Company: Somerset Salmon Smokers Address: Shadow Factory Halliatrow Avon Telephone: 53087 Contact: None listed Type of Company: Importer/Wholesaler Interest: All varieties of seafood
162. Company: Southern Maid Seafoods Address: 57 Queen Street Deal, CT14 6HD England Telephone: (03045) 67739 Contact: Patricia Dee Type of Company: Distributor Interest: IIlex and Loligo squid, bluefin, scup, sea trout, whiting, other varieties of seafood in mixed containers
163. Company: Southern Ships Stores Ltd. Address: Test Ro Eastern Ducks Southhampton England Telephone: (070) 3229731 Telex: 47550 Contact: Virginia Fabricius Type of Company: Unknown Interest: Little necks, squid, flounder fillets, oysters
164. Company: Starfish Limited Address: Reker House 17 Betts Avenue Martlesham Ipswich, Suffolk IP5 7RG England Telephone: (0473) 626662 Telex: 988821 Contact: Richard J. Sheepshanks Type of Company: Unknown Interest: Mullet and sheepshead for mincing
165. Company: Sutcliffe Catering Address: 197 Hatton Cross Heathrow, Middlesex England Telephone: (01) 7504660 Contact: Ray Butler Type of Company: Chief buyer for Heathrow Interest: Whitefish, prawns, and shellfish
53 166. Company: Swan Foods International, Ltd. Address: 1 Kings Road Walton-on-Thames Surrey KT12 2RA Telephone: (09322) 47522/6 Telex: 8954231 SWAN Contact: John McGougan Type of Company: Importer/Processor/Packer Interest: Rock shrimp, crab
167. Company: TW Seafoods, Ltd. Address: Meadow Lane Mottingham NG2 3GP London England Telephone: (0602) 860486 Contact: George Taylor Type of Company: Supplier Interest: All varieties of seafood
168. Company: Talbot House Address: Wingfield Road Trowbridge, Wiltshire BA 149 ET England Telephone: (02214) 63391 Contact: Chris Freeman Type of Company: Broker Interest: Seafood speciality items
169. Company: Thobani Frozen Foods, Ltd. Address: 10 Lansdowne Close Wimbledon London SW20 8AS England Telephone: (01) 9471431 Telex: 943763 Contact: Bahadur Thobani Type of Company: Importer/Distributor Interest: Carp, yellow perch, catfish, white perch in fillet form or headed and gutted
170. Company: Thomas Bennett (Fish Products), Ltd. Address: Great George Street Preston, Lancs. England Telephone: Perston (54375) 55059 Contact: None listed Type of Company: Importer/Distributor Interest: Shrimp, salmon, scup, bluefish, dogfish and species not currently marketed in the U.K.
54 171. Company: Tiffany's Address: Wainwright Road Bexhill-on-Sea East Sussex TN39 3UR England Telephone: (0424) 216704 Contact: D.G. Alfille Type of Company: Processor Interest: Opellio crab, 5 lb. blocks
172. Company: Toveys Seafood, Ltd. Address: 198 Stapleton Road Bristol (BS50NY) England Telephone: (0272) 510987 Contact: Roger Tovey Type of Company: Distributor Interest: All varieties of seafood 173. Company: Truffles, Ltd. Address: 22 Aldensley Road London W.6 England Telephone: (01) 7412138 Contact: Annie Worrall Type of Company: Unknown Interest: Squid 174. Company: 24 Hours Frozen Seafoods Address: Preston Cold Storage Cromwell Road Preston PR2 6YD England Telephone: Preston (STD 0772) 701215 Contact: Mark Donoghue Type of Company: Retailer Interest: Dogfish backs, salmon
175. Company: UIN Sullivan, Ltd. Address: 11 High Street Abergaueuny, GWEWT England Telephone: (0973) 2331 Contact: John Sullivan Type of Company: Retailer/Distributor Interest: Rockfish, squid, crawfish, blue crab
176. Company: U.S.P.I. (U.K.), Ltd. Address: 18 Avenue Road Belmont Surrey SM2 6JD Telephone: (01) 6438070 Telex: 946918 Contact: John C. McGarrick Type of Company: Importer/Exporter Interest: Salted-dried mullet, other dried fish products 177. Company: United Breweries Int., Ltd. Address: 17-21 Sunbeam Road Park Royal London NW10 6JP England Telephone: (01) 9652400 Telex: 262888 Contact: K.H. Tong Type of Company: Unknown Interest: Littlenecks, squid
178. Company: Van Ommeren U.K. Limited Address: 27 Leadenhall S. London EC3A 1AW England Telephone: (01) 4883242 Telex: 895342 VANOM G Contact: Courtney H. Packer Type of Company: Trading Company Interest: Squid, octopus, scallops, crabmeat, soft-shell crabs, minced cod and pollock blocks
179. Company: W.A. Gricks & Sons, Ltd. Address: 316a High Street North London, El2 6SA England Telephone: (01) 4722502, (01) 4721791, or (01) 9894659 Contact: Bill Gricks Type of Company: Wholesaler Interest: Frozen eels
180. Company: W & F Fish Products, Ltd. Address: 56/66, Crogsland Road Chalk Farm London, N.W.l England Telephone: None listed Contact: Mr. Fulberg Type of Company: Smoker Interest: Salmon
181. Company: Wavermas Company, Ltd. Address: 306A Sandycombe Road Kew, Richmond Surrey, TW9 3NG England Telephone: (01) 9403504 Telex: 895 1859 Contact: Dennis C. Lam Type of Company: Importer Interest: Whole blue crabs, crabmeat 182. Company: Weis House Trout Farms, Ltd Address: Latimer Road Chelsham Bucks England Telephone: (0494) 775954 Contact: S.R. Williams Type of Company: Processor Interest: Salmon
183. Company: Welney Smoked Produce Address: Welney, Wisbech Cambs PE 14 9TA London England Telephone: (035) 471200 Contact: Dan Ogier Type of Company: Smoker Interest: Sturgeon, eel
184. Company: Westend Shellfish Address: Glenborrodale, Acharalle Argyll England Telephone: (097) 24235 Contact: A.C. Bowker Type of Company: Retailer Interest: Scallops
185. Company: Western Isles Seafoods, Ltd Address: 1 Esplanalle Road Stornoway Isle of Lewis Western Isles Scotland United Kingdom Telephone: (0851) 5807 Contact: Neil J. MacPherson Type of Company: Processor Interest: Finfish, shellfish
186. Company: Whitby Seafood Limited Address: Cross House Higham Derbys, DEC 6EH England Telephone: (0773) 832876 Contact: John G. Whittle Type of Company: Importer Interest: Clams, clam strips, scampi 187. Company: Wintersun Frozen Foods, Ltd. Address: Northedown House Chapel Road, Smallfield Surrey RH6 9NW England Telephone: (034) 2842942 Contact: Hamish R. Muirhead Type of Company: Importer/Exporter/Wholesaler/Distributor Interest: Whiting fillets, 10-15 kg blocks; IIlex squid frozen, whole in 10-15 kg blocks, cleaned tubes or rings; soft-shell blue crab 188. Company: World Exports Address: 29 Holland Road Hove, Sussex BN3 1JE England Telephone: 777203 Contact: B. Mehta Type of Company: Importer/Exporter Interest: Sea urchins 189. Company: Worldwide Marketing Co. Address: Adelphi Chambers 53 Lime Street Liverpool LI 1J England Telephone: (051) 7091538 Telex: 888941 Contact: C.E.B. Ford Type of Company: Importer/Exporter Interest: Shrimp, headless, peeled and deveined 190. Company: Young's Seafood Address: Ixworth Place London SW3 3PU England Telephone: (01) 7309942/6 Telex: 263735 Contact: R. J. Ramuz Type of Company: Distributor Interest: King crab, stone crab, salmon, halibut, catfish, snapper, squid
Source: U.S. Regional Fisheries Development Foundations Trade Shows: SIAL '80 SIAL '84 IFE '83 SIAL '84 IFE '85 IFE - International Food and Drink Exhibit, London, England SIAL - Salon International de L'Alimentation, Paris, France ANUGA - Cologne, Germany APPENDIX III
MAJOR SUPERMARKET CHAINS AND INSTITUTIONAL BUYERS
59 MAJOR SUPERMARKET CHAINS
1. Company: ASDA (Associated Dairies) Address Britannia Road Morley, Leeds, Yorkshire Telephone: (0532) 539141 Telex: 55315
2. Company: Finefare Address: Gate House Frephern Road Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire Telephone: (0707) 328140 Telex: 24297
3. Company: Gateway Foods Address: P.O. Box 197 Bishopswor, Bristol Telephone: (0272) 785555 Telex: 43313
4. Company: Safeway Address: Beddow Way Aylesford, Maidstone, Kent Telephone: (0622) 72000 Telex: 965037
5. Company: Sainsbury Address: Stamford Street London, S.E. 1 Telephone: (01) 9216000 Telex: 264241
6. Company: Tesco Address: P.O. Box 18 Cheshunt, Hertfordshire Telephone: (0992) 32222 Telex: 24138
7. Company: Waltrose Address: Duncastle Road Bracknell, Berkshire Telephone: (0344) 424680 Telex: 847271
Source: BBH Corporation MAJOR INSTITUTIONAL BUYERS
1. Centre Hotels (Cranston), Ltd. Centre House 57 Russell Square London WC1 Telephone: (637) 1661
2. Gardner Merchant Food Services, Ltd. Divisional HQ Pembroke House Wellesley Road Croydon Telephone: (686) 4821
3. Inner London Education Authority School Meals Food Planning County Hall Westminister SEI London Telephone: (633) 50000
4. Park Hotels, Ltd. 9 Cumberland House Kensington Road London W8 Telephone: (937) 1571
5. Trust House Forte, Ltd. Forte Catering, Ltd. River House, Mockbridge Road Mockbridge Wallington, Surrey Telephone: (669) 4313
Source: U.S. Regional Fisheries Development Foundations APPENDIX IV
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY 1986 GUIDE AND REFERENCE PRICES FOR 1986
62 1986 GUIDE PRICES
SPECIES ECU/TON USD/TON
Fresh Category
Herring 326 290 Sardines (a) Atlantic 537 478 (b) Mediterranean 459 408 Dogfish (Squalus acanthias) 861 766 Dogfish (Scyliorhinus spp) 814 724 Ocean Perch (Sebastes spp) 854 760 Cod 1183 1053 Pollock (Saithe) 643 572 Haddock 868 772 Whiting 791 704 Ling 902 803 Mackerel 283 252 Anchovies 578 514 Flounder 1/1 - 4/30/86 766 682 5/1 - 12/31/86 1045 930 Hake 2528 2249 Shrimp (Crangon crangon) (boiled) 1530 1361
Frozen Category
Sardines 389 346 Sea-bream (Dentex dentex and Pagellus spp) 1249 1111 Squid (Loligo vulgaris) 2498 2223 Squid (Todarodes sagittatus) 1151 1024 Squid (Illex illecebrosus) 1209 1076 Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis, Rossia macrosoma, Sepiola rondeletti) 1594 1418 Octopus 1223 1088
NOTE: ECU Conversion Rate = 0.889786 (as of 1/13/86) REFERENCE PRICES
+Fresh and Chilled Fish (Annex I) ECU/TON USD/TON
Herring 236 210
Sardines (a) Atlantic 388 345 (b) Mediterranean 332 295
Dogfish (Squalus acanthias) 489 435 Dogfish (Scyliorhinus spp) 488 434 Ocean Perch (Sebastes spp) 692 616 Cod 852 547 Pollock (Saithe) 463 320 Haddock 625 556 Whiting 506 450 Ling 613 545 Mackerel 204 182 Anchovies 418 372 Flounder 1/1 - 4/30/86 572 509 5/1 - 12/31/86 781 695 Hake 2275 2024
tBoiled in Water
Shrimp (Crangon crangon) 895 796
Frozen Products (Annex II)
Sardines 331 295 Sea-bream (Dentex dentex and Pagellus spp) 1062 945 Squid (L. vulgaris) 2548 2267 Squid (L. pealei) 1486 1322 Squid (Other species) 1380 1228 Squid (Todarodes sagittatus) 1174 1045 Squid (I. illecebrOwds, other species) 1234 1098 Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis, Rossia macrosoma, Sepiola rondeletti) 1355 1206
Octopus 1040 925 +Fresh, Chilled or Frozen Tuna ECU/TON (ANNEX III) USD/TON
Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Weighing more than 10 kg each 906 806 Weighing not more than 10 kg each 825 734
Albacore Tuna (Thunnus alalunga) Weighing more than 10 kg each 1033 919 Weighing not more than 10 kg each 1314 1169
Other species 580 516
Frozen Products (Annex IV)
Ocean Perch (Sebastes spp) Whole: With or without head 745 663 Other 1112 989 Fillets: With bones (standard) 1484 1320 Boneless 1745 1553 Blocks in immediate packing weighing not more than 4 kg 1940 1726 Minced blocks 922 820
Cod Whole: With or without head 874 778 Other 1319 1174 Fillets: *Industrial blocks, with bone (standard) 1922 1710 Industrial blocks, boneless 2197 1955 *Individual fillets, with skin 2042 1817 Individual fillets, skinless 2378 2116 Blocks in immediate packing weighing not more than 4 kg 2463 2192 Minced blocks 1002 892
Pollock (Saithe) Whole: With or without head 571 508 Other 844 751 Fillets: Industrial blocks, with bone (standard) 1176 1046 Industrial blocks, boneless 1282 1141 Individual fillets, with skin 1201 1069 Individual fillets, skinless 1330 1183 Blocks in immediate packing weighing not more than 4 kg 1427 1270 Minced blocks 654 582
65 Frozen Products (Annex IV) ECU/TON USD/TON (continued)
Haddock Whole: With or without head 727 647 Other 1004 893 Fillets: Industrial blocks, with bone (standard) 1738 1546 Industrial blocks, boneless 2194 1952 Individual fillets, with skin 1989 1770 Individual fillets, skinless 2259 2010 Blocks in immediate packing weighing not more than 4 kg 2340 2082 Minced blocks 800 712
Mackerel Whole: With head 326 290 Headless 362 322 Sides 482 429 Fillets 608 541
Hake Whole: With or without head 674 600 Other 1028 915 Fillets: Industrial blocks, with bone (standard) 1030 916 Industrial blocks, boneless 1212 1078 Individual fillets, with skin 1069 951 Individual fillets, skinless 1269 1129 Blocks in immediate packing weighing not more than 4 kg 1340 1192 Minced blocks 787 700
NOTE: ECU Conversion Rate = 0.889786 (as of 1/13/86)
+ The reference prices given for fresh and chilled products are the highest applicable to the species to which they refer. Lower reference prices for different presentations, sizes, and freshness grades apply.
* "Industrial blocks" are laminated blocks. "Individual fillets" include interleaved blocks.
Note: If any of the products listed above enter the Community at less than the appropriate reference prices, the EEC Commission may take action under Regulation 3796/81 to regulate imports of the products concerned.
66 APPENDIX V
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY TARIFF SCHEDULE FOR SELECTED SEAFOOD IMPORTS FROM THE U.S. (Effective from 12/9/85)
TRADE DESCRIPTION DUTY RATE (%)
Freshwater Eels Fresh, chilled, or frozen 3.5 Smoked 14.0
Salmon Fresh, chilled, or frozen 2.0 Salted or in brine Whole, headless, or in pieces 11.0 Fillets 15.0 Smoked 13.0
Herring Fresh or chilled: Whole, headless, or in pieces: February 15 - June 15 Free June 16 - February 14 15.0 (a, b) Frozen: Whole, headless, or in pieces: February 15 - June 15 Free June 16 - February 14 15.0 (a, b) Fillets 15.0
Tuna (yellowfin, albacore, other) For industrial manufacture 22.0 (a, c) Other uses: Fresh, chilled, or frozen 22.0 (a, c) Frozen fillets 18.0
Shark (all species) Fresh or chilled: Whole or in pieces 8.0 (d) Frozen: Whole or in pieces 8.0 (d) Fillets 15.0
Halibut Fresh, chilled, or frozen 8.0 Dried, salted, or in brine 15.0 Smoked: Greenland halibut 15.0 Atlantic halibut 16.0
Cod Fresh or chilled: Whole, headless, or in pieces 12.0 Fillets: 18.0 Frozen: Whole, headless, or in pieces 12.0 Fillets 15.0 (e)
68 TRADE DESCRIPTION DUTY RATE (%)
Cod (cont.) Dried, salted, or in brine Whole, headless, or in pieces 13.0 (f) Fillets 20.0 Alaska pollock Fresh, chilled, or frozen 15.0 Mackerel Fresh or chilled: Whole, headless, or in pieces: February 15 - June 15 Free June 16 - February 14 20.0 Frozen: Whole, headless, or in pieces: February 15 - June 15 Free June 16 - February 14 20.0 Fillets 15.0
Hake Fresh or chilled 15.0 (g) Frozen (including fillets) 15.0 (g)
Livers and Roes Fresh, chilled, or frozen 10.0 Lobster Live 8.0 Other: Whole 8.0 Other: Frozen 16.0 Other 20.0 Crab Of species Paralithodes camchaticas Chionoecetes spp., Callinectes sapidus 8.0 Other 15.0
Shrimp and Prawns Of the Pandalidae family 12.0 Of the genus Crangon 18.0 Other 18.0 Oysters 18.0 Mussels 10.0
Squid Loligo spp. 6.0 Illex spp. 8.0 Todarodes sagittatus 6.0
Octopus 8.0 a) Subject to compliance with the reference price. A countervailing tax is provided for in the case of non-compliance.
b) Duty exemption within the limits of an annual tariff quota of 34,000 tons to be granted by the competent authorities and subject to compliance with the reference price.
c) Duty exemption in respect of tunny intended for the canning industry, within the limits of an annual tariff quota of 30,000 tons to be granted by the competent authorities and subject to compliance with the reference price. Qualification for this quota is governed by conditions to be determined by the competent authorities.
d) Duty rate reduced to 6% in respect of piked dogfish (Squalus acanthias) within the limits of an annual tariff quota of 5,000 tons to be granted by the competent authorities.
e) Duty rate reduced to 8% for cod of the species Gadus morhua within the limits of an annual tariff quota of 10,000 tons to be granted by the competent authorities.
f) Duty exemption within the limits of an annual tariff quota of 25,000 tons to be granted by the competent authorities.
g) Duty rate reduced to 8% for silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) within the limits of an annual tariff quota of 2,000 tons to be granted by the competent authorities.
Source: Official Journal of the European Communities European Communities Commission, Luxembourg APPENDIX VI
LIST OF AVAILABLE MARKET STUDIES
71 Available Market Studies
Several recent studies on the market for fishery products in the United Kingdom are available. These studies could be helpful in identifying export opportunities and developing marketing strategies.
1) Title: Product Group Report No. 44: Fish (1985) From: Market Assessment Publications 2 Duncan Terrace London I 8B2 United Kingdom Cost: 150 Pounds Sterling (approximately $194) Subject: This is a report on the market for finfish products including a discussion of marketing trends.
2) Title: Wild and Farmed Fish and Shellfish Markets in Europe (1985) From: Frost and Sullivan Inc. Department R-l 106 Fulton Street New York, NY 10038 Cost: $1,675 Subject: This report analyzes market trends and opportunities for fish and shellfish in Europe.
3) Title: Fish Marketing in the U.K. (1985) From: Professor Ian Goulding Shellfield City Polytechnic Sheffield, U.K. Cost: $2.00 Subject: This report analyzes market trends, improved marketing methods and processing technology.
In addition to these reports, the U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service offers three services which can assist an exporter in identifying and assessing markets. These services are:
1) Export Statistics Profiles (ESP) which feature market analysis and detailed statistical tables which examine the fishing industry's export sales and performance over the past five years. The cost is $70.00 per ESP.
2) ESP Overview which contains three segments of the ESP: the "Export Market Brief", an "Export Market Potential Rating Chart", and a "Product Guide and Concordance". This overview provides information indicating country's potentials of buying U.S. seafood products. The cost is $10.00 per overview.
3) International Marketing Information (IMI) which provides specialized market data for a given country. The cost is $15.00 per IMI.
72 To obtain order forms or more information regarding these services, contact the following office:
U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Information Product Development and Distribution P.0. Box 14207 Washington, D.C. 20044
A- U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE! 1986-680-517/40706 73