Advance Praise for the Writing Workshop
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ADVANCE PRAISE FOR THE WRITING WORKSHOP “There are many guides to scientific writing out there, and I read most of them in preparation for teaching a writing workshop at MIT. Barbara’s was the one I referred students to most often. It’s down-to-earth, funny, and packed with advice that extends well beyond the fundamentals of good scientific writing to topics rang- ing from reproducibility and open science to time management and work/life balance. The resources for instructors are also excellent: She has templates to help students set both short- and long-term goals and in-class exercises to help novice writers hear the differ- ence between clunky writing and writing that sings. What is per- haps most distinctive about Barbara’s book is that she conveys the sense that writing should be a kind of meditation practice: a way to stay grounded in a supportive community while engaging deeply with ideas from a place of focus and clarity. I can’t think of a better book to support new and emerging writers.” —LAURA SHULZ, professor of cognitive science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology “This book is a gem. Funny, thoughtful, and humane; packed with wise advice and deep insights. This is essential reading for any academic who wants to be more prolific and write better. (Which means that it’s essential reading for all of us.)” —PAUL BLOOM, Brooks and Suzanne Regan Professor of Psychology at Yale University and author of Against Empathy. “This book is practical, funny, easy to use, and effective. Reading this book is like sitting down with a close friend who also happens to be a writing expert. The book provides writing advice, exercises, and motivation to get those pages written. And I speak from per- sonal experience—I used this book’s guidance to carve out time from what seemed like an unworkably busy schedule to write, and the result was an article that will be published later this year.” —SARAH LAWSKY, Benjamin Mazur Summer Research Professor of Law, Associate Dean of Academic Programs, Associate Dean of Finance, Pritzker School of Law, Northwestern University THE WRITING WORKSHOP Write More, Write Better, Be Happier in Academia BARBARA W. SARNECKA This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) YOU ARE FREE TO: Share: copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. Adapt: remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. UNDER THE FOLLOWING TERMS: Attribution: You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable man- ner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions: You may not apply legal terms or techno- logical measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. NOTICES: You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation. No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions nec- essary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material. HOW TO CITE THIS BOOK This book was printed on demand and published by the author. The reference in APA (6th ed.) style is: Sarnecka, B. W. (2019). The writing workshop: Write more, write better, be happier in academia. (n.p.): Author. Library of Congress Control Number: 2019912575 Cover and interior design by Lindsey Cleworth Penguin illustrations by Julia Majdali Facer To all scholars, everywhere CONTENTS Preface to the Print Edition . xi Acknowledgments . xiii Introduction . 1 * Community 5 * Practice 7 * Instruction 8 1 . The Workshop . 11 * Structure your meetings 14 * Create social accountability with a shared writing log 21 * Reframe rejection 31 * Adapt and grow 39 2 . Planning Your Time . 45 * Think like a founder 46 * Build your individual development plan 56 * Build your term plan 62 * Build your weekly plan 68 3 . The Practice of Writing . 77 * Question your beliefs about writing 78 * Draft with kindness 87 * Revise to continue your thinking 96 * Revise for the reader 103 4 . Literature Reviews . 111 * Understand literature reviews 111 * Build your reading list 115 * Read strategically 121 * Write the literature review 130 5. Scientific Articles . 139 * Understand the IMRaD structure 140 * Start by making great figures 146 * Draft an article from meta- material to methods 156 * Present and discuss your results 164 6 . Proposals . 175 * Asking for money 177 * Understand the funding game 180 * Write the proposal 185 7 . Presentations . 197 * The elevator pitch 197 * The poster 202 * The talk 204 * Practice your presentation 230 8 . Paragraphs . 235 * Understand “hamburger” paragraphs 236 * Manage information flow within the paragraph 245 * Make it clear what you’re referring to 250 * Use signposting as needed 258 9 . Sentences . 265 * Understand readability 266 * Write readable sentences 272 * Understand imageability 283 * Write imageable sentences 284 10 . Words . 291 * Choose simple and specific words 292 * Be kind to your readers 298 * Omit needless words 309 Epilogue . 325 References . 327 Credits . 339 Index . .. 341 About the Author . 353 PREFACE TO THE PRINT EDITION There are so many reasons to love a printed book. Just as a hand- written letter feels like a gift in this age of email, so does a book that you can actually hold in your hands. You can read it for hours with- out eye fatigue. It never needs charging. You can squeeze it hard during the suspenseful scenes and it will not shatter. (Spoiler: There are no suspenseful scenes in this book.) You can take it hiking and drop it on the ground, or read it in the bath and get it wet, or lose it under the seat of your car for months at a time, and it will still be just fine! You can give it to a friend when you’re finished, which is a nice thing to do. You can put sticky notes in it, and then even after it is closed, the edges of the sticky notes will poke out like little flags saying, “Here was something you liked! Remember?” A printed book has one drawback, though—it contains no hyperlinks. You can find all of the online supplementary materials by going to the Open Science Framework project for this book at https://osf.io/n8pc3/. xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book came out of the graduate writing workshop that I teach in the Department of Cognitive Sciences at the University of Cal- ifornia, Irvine. The insights here are not mine alone, but those of our ever-changing community of writers. It was Megan Goldman who suggested creating the writing workshop class in the first place; Ashley Thomas and Emily Sumner came up with the idea of a shared rejection collection; Galia Bar-Sever came up with the bril- liant, hive-mind method of giving writing feedback and her brother Dan Bar-Sever coined the term “feedback forum.” Readers in the humanities can thank philosophers Darby Vickers and Rena Gold- stein for insisting that the book be written for a wider audience than just STEM researchers. Other participants shaped the workshop by sticking around for multiple terms (in some cases up to five years) and creating a culture of kindness and respect that persists to this day—particularly Karen Arcos, Sierra Broussard, Christian Herrera, Carolyn McClaskey, James Negen, Teya Rutherford, K. J. Savinelli, and Kyle Stephens. The students in the workshop while the book was being written served as beta readers: Alandi Bates, Colleen Chen, Jeff Coon, Priyam Das, Alex Etz, Hannah Forsythe, Jessica Gonzalez, Joseph xiii xiv Acknowledgments Nunn, Yao Pei, Paulina Silva, Bobby Thomas, Tim Trammel, and Sirui Wan. Thanks to Sarah Lawsky and Lisa Pearl, two of the smartest professors and kindest people I know, for their detailed, thoughtful feedback on early drafts. Thanks to Sonya Rasminsky for bringing her psychiatric expertise to the discussion of mental health issues in the book. Thanks to my colleagues in Cognitive Sciences, particu- larly Barbara Dosher and Emily Grossman, and to my department chair Ramesh Srinivasan, for supporting my choice to work on a new topic and write about what interested me instead of staying in my lane. Thanks to my editor, Michael Dylan Rogers. I’ve been asking around, and plenty of my colleagues have authored books, but none has received the kind of editorial support that you’ve given me. I realized it during one of our teleconference meetings when I said, “Which outline are we working from now?” and you said, “Oh, I can just tell you the outline . .“ and then you listed each chapter and its content from memory, without even looking at your notes. I thought, This guy knows my book better than I do. When I describe that moment to colleagues, the mixture of disbelief and longing on their faces confirms that I made the right decision in working with you. Thanks also to Lindsey Cleworth for bringing your beautiful design sense and wisdom to the production of the book. You’re the only person I know who consistently finishes things early, and the book looks just the way I pictured it, except somehow better. If I ever write another book, I want you to design it. Finally, thanks to my family—Greg, Ted, and James—for your constant love and support. You guys are my very favorite people in the whole world.