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Green, Marshall The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR MARSHALL GREEN Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: December 13, 1988 Copyri ht 2013 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in Holyoke Massachusetts Father was textile manufacturer and lobbyist Annual family travel to Europe Educated at Groton and (ale )*3,- Secretary to Ambassador Green .apan Tokyo 1,3,-1,01 Appraisal of Grew 1arnings of war 2Magic3 Influence of .apanese Army Assistant Secretary Hornbeck Protocol duties 5 football Staff influences on Grew Opinion on American youth Effect of the .apanese on the war in China 1orld 1ar II 1,01-1,07 Enlistment in the Navy .apanese language school Service in O8I Entry into the Foreign Service .apan desk in the State Department 1,07-1,70 Trip to .apan with George Kennan Kennan v. MacArthur Ending the purges: Dean Rusk Kennan*s style Briefing .ohn Foster Dulles Ignorance in 1ashington about Korea 1 Regional Planning Advisory Bureau of Far Eastern Affair 1,76-1,60 Ambassador Rob McClintock Prince Sihanouk East Asian country relationships Asian sensibilities CambodiaAs mentality Bureau of Far Eastern Affairs 1,7,-1,60 CharacteriBes of Assistant Secretary Robertson Origin of mutual security treaty with .apan State Pentagon relations Regional Planning Advisor Establishing a POCAD at CI8CPAC Air-sea-ground demonstrations in East Asia The CIA role Soviet planning toward .apan Korea 1,60-1,61 .apanese-Korean relations Independence leader Syngman Rhee D.S. presence in Korea and 1ashington desk officers Korean economic and political situation Ambassador 1alter McConaughy Elections fraud Ejustifiable grievances E student demonstrations F Relations between Syngman Rhee and Ambassador McConaughy President Eiser1hower*s visit 8ew elections: President (un Po Sun Prime Minister Chang Myun Devaluation of Korean won Attempts to improve .apanese-Korean relations Civing conditions ChargG Prime Minister Chang Myun*s government D.S. involvement in Korean government Military discontent Military Coup D.S. position on coup 1ar games and contingency planning F Embassy reaction to coup F Attempts to arrange compromise between government and insurgents President (un Po Sun 1ashington*s reactions to embassy actions Chang Myun*s letter Military .unta*s marshal law Fear of North Korean action Meeting with American community 2 Korean military Arrival of Ambassador Samuel Berger 1orking with Ambassador Berger Role of the CIA Meeting with General Park Chung Hee Importance of Integrity Ceaving Korea Conclusion Deputy Assistant Secretary 1,63-1,67 Relationship with Bill Bradley Consultations: .apanese concerns Ambassador to Indonesia 1,67-1,71 Sukarno-Sihanouk relationship DS B-72 attacks on Hiet Cong in Cambodia SihanoukAs visit to Hanoi )1,6,- Congressional interest in Cambodia Promoting Cambodian neutrality )vis I vis Hietnam- Sihanouk deposed Con Nol government Con Nol requests for DS arms Hiet Cong sanctuaries in Cambodia DS forces committed to Cambodian incursion Al Haig involvement Far Eastern Chiefs of Mission on Tokyo FA8K strength buildup 8ixon-Kissinger policies Assistant Secretary 1,6,-1,73 The Nixon Doctrine Henry Kissinger Being 2cut out3 .apanese reaction to change in DS-China policy Chinese concern about .apan 8ixon*s propensity to favor China over .apan Impression of Secretary Rogers Ceakage in .apan State-Pentagon relations Korea and .apan .apan and China normaliBe relations .apan*s reliance on the Dnited States How the .apanese operate Ambassador to Australia 1,73-1,77 3 Cabor Party in power The shipping boycott 1hitham visit to 1ashington Diego Garcia base DS bases in Australia Importance of the Coral Sea battle Kissinger and Australia Population Coordinator 1,77-1,7, Population problems in Indonesia President Suharto Bubonic plague State and AID differences over population program Assistant Secretary Dixie Cee Ray 8SDM 200 Henry Kissinger AID*s narrow approach Dr. Ravenholt Bangladesh Pakistan Christopher Herter CIA background papers Department of Agriculture Embassy reports on population Cack of interest by DS leaders Congress 20 Status of women Carter Administration Assistant Secretary Patt Darien Cack of population programs Robert Mc8amara and 1orld bank Ministers of Health running programs Support b women*s organiBations Hillage approach Philippines Korea Taiwan San Salvador George Ball Islam and population control President Mubarak Abortions 1,80 1orld Conference on Population Regan Administration AID programs re birth prevention and birth control Retrospect 0 INTERVIEW %: Today is March 2, 1995. This is an interview with Ambassador Marshall )reen. This se ment of the interview will be devoted mainly to the Japanese connection. ,e-ll also fill in concernin Australia and some of Ambassador )reen-s earlier assi nments. Mr. Ambassador, could you tell me a bit about your family, your date of birth, and when and where you grew up. I am Charles Stuart Kennedy. GREE8: I was born on .anuary 27 1,16 which means that IAve just turned 7,. I was born in Holyoke Massachusetts. My father was a wool manufacturer and also a lawyer. He was sort of a champion of the New England textile industry in 1ashington DC. He ElobbiedE for them quite apart from his being the chairman of the Farr Alpaca Company which at the time was the second largest wool manufacturing concern in New England. It handled not only wool but also mohair cotton and other fabrics. 1e had a beautiful home called Meadow Hiew of which not a trace remains today the house having been burned down and its 300 acres bulldoBed to make way for Route ,0 interstate and the rest for estate development. My parents loved to travel. 1e went abroad to Europe just about every summer after I was seven years old. My whole orientation was toward Europe. I knew nothing about the Far East. My fatherAs connections with the Far East were simply as spokesman for the woolen industry. He fought against imports of textiles from .apan always trying to raise the tariffs on them. How well I remember his declamatory performance before the House 1ays and Means Committee and the National Industrial Conference Board of which he was once chairman. My father and mother were great travelers spending most of their summers in 1estern Europe where father pursued his interests in pre-history as chairman of the American School of Pre-History and mother pursuing her interests in art and architecture. My two sisters and I accompanied them on all these trips though we were left in a small summer school in Houlgeth France for four of those months while they traveled about Europe. Both of our parents were great readers with father concentrating on Sir 1alter Scott and on British voyages )which he read aloud to us on many an evening- and mother immersed in .ane Austin and meeting the people. As far as schooling was concerned my sisters and I attended a small private school of which mother was principal benefactor before I went on to two years at Indian Mountain School and then six years at Groton school. My four subsequent years at (ale were I fear largely taken up with sports and an active social life with too little time devoted to the serious pursuit of my areas of concentration in French literature and American government. 7 This is all by way of background. It meant that when I finally went to .apan I had no familiarity with East Asia. There was nothing in my whole background that entitled me to be Ambassador .oseph C. GrewAs secretary. So thatAs my background. %: .ou made these trips to Europe, and your father was involved in trade matters. Did you have any interest at )roton and .ale about the 0orei n Service and wor1in for the State Department2 GREE8: I moved in circles that knew little about the Foreign Service except that my school Groton had many illustrious graduates including LPresidentM Franklin Delano Roosevelt Sumner 1ells LDnder Secretary of State during 1orld 1ar IIM Governor Averell Harriman and people like that. So there was a tradition at Groton of men going into public service. In fact its well-known Rector Endicott Peabody continually used the pulpit to exhort young men to get out there in the world and to serve society. The motto of our school was ENui Servir est Regnare E which means ETo serve Him is to reign.E That did have its impact upon me. ThereAs no question that the Rector at Groton had a great impact upon me. One of his graduates was .oseph C. Grew who was Ambassador to .apan before 1orld 1ar II L1,32-1,02M. He later served as Dnder Secretary and Acting Secretary of State and it was he who eventually asked me to be his private secretary. %: ,hat was the timin 2 ,hen had you graduated from .ale2 GREE8: I graduated from (ale in 1,3,. I was already enrolled in the Caw School when I overheard two people in French class I think it was talking about Grew looking for a private secretary. So I went down to 1ashington DC to apply for the job. Nuite frankly one of the requirements to be his private secretary was to have gone to his old home school Groton. In fact he used to ask Endicott Peabody to suggest someone who would take that job on. He had four such private secretaries over the course of time. So I went down to 1ashington and was interviewed by Ambassador Grew. 1e had lunch at the Metropolitan Club and then went back to his house on 1oodland Drive. I was talking to him when suddenly a voice came through the wall saying E1hom are you speaking to .oe dearOE He said EIAm speaking to Marshall Green.E She said E1ho is he for heavenAs sakeOE He said EHeAs interested in being my private secretary.E EOh E said this voice trailing off.
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