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Reasons Why the Is on the International Lists of Terrorist Groups FARC

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reasons why the FARC is on the 607 international lists of terrorist groups This document contains references to some of FARC's terrorist actions against civilians or civilian infrastructure since 2002. This is only a sample, since many terrorist acts are not reported in the news or the perpetrator is unknown at the time of coverage. All of them are either infractions of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), open violations of Human Rights, or crimes against the environment. In memory of those who have lost their freedom and/or their lives at the hands of terrorists. when where what against method source Jan 31 | Concepción, Santander 1. FARC terrorists kidnapped two engineers, Ruben Carvajal Civilian Kidnapping Vanguardia and Miguel Quimbayo. Liberal Jan 29 | Montelíbano, Córdoba 2. Civilian Execution El Universal Acts perpetrated in 2008 FARC terrorists murdered Sergio Luis Martelo. (January) Reason no. 3: Jan 18 | La Sierra, Cauca FARC terrorists are suspected of killing political leader Arnulfo El País Barco, member of the political party Convergencia Ciudadana. Jan 18 | Urrao, Antioquia Civilian Kidnapping 4. FARC terrorists are suspected of kidnapping judge Gustavo El País Martinez and Oscar Vélez. Reason no. 5: Jan 14 | Nuquí, Chocó FARC terrorists kidnapped six tourists. Dec 23 | Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca 6. FARC terrorists are suspected of blowing up an electric Powerline Bombing pylon. Dec 6 | Riosucio, Chocó 7. FARC terrorist murdered five sawers and kidnapped 20 Civilian Execution El País Acts perpetrated in 2007 others. Dec 4 | San Carlos, Antioquia FARC terrorists are suspected of killing two people, Bus Car-jacking 8. including a minor, after opening fire against a public transportation bus. Nov 17 | Miraflores, Guaviare Civilian Execution 9. FARC terrorists murdered six people. Nov 10 | Santa Rita, Nariño Forced 10. FARC terrorists forced the displacement of 48 families, 180 Civilian displacement El País people from Santa Rita to Iscuande. Reason no. 11: Oct 29 | Puerto Guzmán, Putumayo FARC terrorists murdered two men who worked as coca leaf manual erradicators and wounded six others after detonating a gas cylinder. when where what against method source when where what against method source Oct 25 | Garzón, Huila 12. FARC terrorists blew up four electric pylons, leaving two Powerline Bombing departments without electricity. Reason no. 25: Sep 23 | Villarica, Tolima FARC terrorists murdered Julio Cesar Marentes, a mayor Oct 23 | Puerto Asís, Putumayo candidate for the town of Villarrica and wounded Gonzalo Jimenez FARC terrorists are suspected of killing two people and a candidate for towncouncil. 13. wounding six others, after launching a granade against at Civilian Handgrenade the campaign headquarters of a mayor candidate Jorge Coral Rivas. Sep 17 | Puerto Guzmán, Putumayo Oct 18 | Ataco, Tolima FARC terrorists are suspected of murdering Jairo Jesús Civilian Shooting 14. FARC terrorists murdered Adolfo León Alvarez, a Civilian Execution 26. Casanova, a mayor candidate for the town of Puerto candidate for mayor of the municipality of Ataco. Guzmán. Oct 18 | Istmina, Chocó Sep 16 | Toribío, Cauca Police facility- 15. FARC terrorists are suspected of murdering six miners and Civilian Execution 27. FARC terrorists wounded six people during a terrorist Personnel/ Bombing El País wounding four others. attack against police headquarters. Civilian Oct 13 | El Doncello, Caquetá Aug 28 | Puerto Asís, Putumayo FARC terrorists wounded one person after detonating FARC terrorists wounded six people during a terrorist Civilian Execution Civilian Bombing 28. 16. seven explosive devices when a political caravane was attack against police headquarters. driving by. Aug 25 | Cajibío, Cauca Powerline Bombing Oct 12 | Cocorná, Antioquia 29. FARC terrorists blew up four electric pylons. El País 17. FARC terrorists murdered Medardo de Jesus Vasquez a Civilian Shooting El País candidate for towncouncil for the municipality of Cocorná. Aug 20 | Tumaco, Nariño Military FARC terrorists are suspected of murdering one person and personnel/ Bombing 30. wounding three civilians after launching a gas cylinder El País Oct 12 | San Francisco, Antioquia Civilian FARC terrorists are suspected of murdering Javier against an army truck. Shooting 18. Atehortua Cano, a candidate for towncouncil for Civilian El País municipality of San Francisco. Jul 28 | Silvia, Cauca 31. FARC terrorists blew up two electric pylons leaving 35,000 Powerline Bombing El País Oct 10 | Tarquí, Huila people without the service. 19. FARC terrorists blew up four electric pylons. Powerline Bombing El Universo Jul 14 | Cali, Valle del Cauca FARC terrorists are suspected of murdering Juan Manuel Death threat Oct 10 | Paez, Cauca Bombing 32. Collazos who has recieved several death threats from this and execution El País 20. FARC terrorists blew up two electric pylons. Powerline Bombing El Universo terrorist group. Oct 10 | Toledo, Antioquia Jul 14 | Sabana de Torres, Santander FARC terrorists are suspected of murdering Benjamín 21. Civilian Shooting 33. FARC terrorists blew up a gas pipe leaving more than a Pipeline Bombing El País García, a candidate for the council of the municipality of million people without the service. Toledo, and his son. Jul 14 | Maguí, Nariño Oct 4 | Cocorná, Antioquia FARC terrorists are suspected of murdering two Indigenous Shooting Landmine 22. FARC terrorists murdered Gildardo Toro a candidate for Civilian El País 34. Indigenous peoples of the Awa community who walked peoples towncouncil for the municipality of Cocorná. over a mined camp supposedly planted by these terrorists. Sep 29 | Buenaventura, Valla del Cauca Jul 11 | El Doncello, Caquetá FARC terrorists wounded five people after opening fire Town FARC terrorists are suspected of murdering Algemiro Shooting against the political headquarters of Maritza Omer Navarro Civilian Shooting 35. councilperson 23. Medina, town councilman of El Docello. a candidate for town council for the U Political Party in Buenaventura. Jul 11 | El Doncello, Caquetá FARC terrorists are suspected of shooting against Ofelia Town Sep 27 | Turbo, Antioquia 36. Shooting Civilian Execution Betancour, councilwoman of El Doncello; her sister councilperson 24. FARC terrorists murdered three banana farm workers. Rosalia Betancour died in the attack. when where what against method source when where what against method source Jul 7 | Colombia, Huila Apr 9 | Cali, Valle del Cauca 37. FARC terrorists are suspected of murdering Jael Cruz and Civilian Execution 50. One person died and 34 others were injured when a bomb Civilian Car Bomb Humberto Mendez, two evangelical sheperds. was detonated in front of the police headquarters in Cali. Jul 7 | San José del Palmar, Chocó Apr 9 | Mutatá, Antioquia 38. FARC terrorists are suspected of murdering the mayor of Mayor Execution At least 5 people, including 2 women, were kidnapped by San José del Palmar, Blanca Inés Marín. 51. suspected members of the FARC guerrilla group who had set Civilian Kidnapping up a fake checkpoint on a highway in Colombia's northwestern Antioquia province. Reason no. 39: Jun 29 | Valle del Cauca Mar 27|Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca FARC terrorists murdered 11 deputies who had been kidnapped 52. At least 10 people were wounded by a bomb hurled at a Civilian Bombing five years ago by this terrorist group. shop in the southwestern Colombian city of Buenaventura. Mar 16|Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca At least 4 people have been killed by a bomb in the port of Jun 24 | Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca 53. Buenaventura, on the Pacific coast. Officials said all the Civilian Bombing FARC terrorists are suspected of murdering two people, victims were passers-by. At least 5 people were wounded in Civilian Bombing 40. including a two year-old baby girl, after detonating a El Heraldo the blast. tracto bomb. Mar 14|Quibdó, Chocó Jun 23 | Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca 54. FARC terrorists kidnapped 9 geologists working for the Civilian Kidnapping FARC terrorists are suspected of wounding 23 people, company "Compañía de Servicios Logísticos de Colombia". Civilian Bombing 41. after detonating five handgranades and two bombs in a commercial area. Mar 11|Cali, Valle del Cauca 55. FARC terrorists detonated 2 explosive devices leaving Civilian Bombing Jun 16 | Armenia, Quindío tons of material damage. FARC terrorists wounded 11 people after detonating an Civilian Bombing 42. explosive device, next to a store that refused to pay them extortion money. Reason no. 56: Mar 1|Neiva, Huila May 25 | Barrancas, La Guajira A car bomb exploded in a busy district of the southern city of 43. FARC terrorist blew up an electric pylon leaving 12 Powerline Bombing municipalities without the service. Neiva, injuring 8 people in an apparent assassination attempt of the town's mayor Cielo González. May 25 | Tumaco, Nariño 44. FARC terrorist blew up an electric pylon leaving several Powerline Bombing municiaplities without the service. Mar 1|Arauca May 21 | Carmen de Viboral, Antioquia 57. FARC and ELN terrorists murdered a minor and wounded Civilian Shooting Xinhua 45. FARC terrorists murdered Alirio de Jesús Rojas and Jairo Civilian Execution 2 civilians during an armed confrontation. Alonso Londoño and blew up their homes. Feb 11|Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca May 17 | Turbo, Antioquia FARC terrorists wounded 6 people, including a pregnant Military 46. FARC terrorists are suspected of killing four people, Civilian Shooting woman who lost her baby, after detonating an explosive Bombing 58. Personnel
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    Genetics and Molecular Biology, 36, 2, 158-166 (2013) Copyright © 2013, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br Research Article MHC Class II haplotypes of Colombian Amerindian tribes Juan J. Yunis1,2,3, Edmond J. Yunis4 and Emilio Yunis3 1Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina e Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia. 2Grupo de Identificación Humana e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. 3Instituto de Genética, Servicios Médicos Yunis Turbay y Cia, Bogotá, Colombia. 4Brigham and Womens Hospital, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. Abstract We analyzed 1041 individuals belonging to 17 Amerindian tribes of Colombia, Chimila, Bari and Tunebo (Chibcha linguistic family), Embera, Waunana (Choco linguistic family), Puinave and Nukak (Maku-Puinave linguistic fami- lies), Cubeo, Guanano, Tucano, Desano and Piratapuyo (Tukano linguistic family), Guahibo and Guayabero (Guayabero Linguistic Family), Curripaco and Piapoco (Arawak linguistic family) and Yucpa (Karib linguistic family). for MHC class II haplotypes (HLA-DRB1, DQA1, DQB1). Approximately 90% of the MHC class II haplotypes found among these tribes are haplotypes frequently encountered in other Amerindian tribes. Nonetheless, striking differ- ences were observed among Chibcha and non-Chibcha speaking tribes. The DRB1*04:04, DRB1*04:11, DRB1*09:01 carrying haplotypes were frequently found among non-Chibcha speaking tribes, while the DRB1*04:07 haplotype showed significant frequencies among Chibcha speaking tribes, and only marginal frequencies among non-Chibcha speaking tribes. Our results suggest that the differences in MHC class II haplotype frequency found among Chibcha and non-Chibcha speaking tribes could be due to genetic differentiation in Mesoamerica of the an- cestral Amerindian population into Chibcha and non-Chibcha speaking populations before they entered into South America.
  • Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the Pan-Amazon Region

    Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the Pan-Amazon Region

    OAS/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 176 29 September 2019 Original: Spanish INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Situation of Human Rights of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the Pan-Amazon Region 2019 iachr.org OAS Cataloging-in-Publication Data Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Situation of human rights of the indigenous and tribal peoples of the Pan-Amazon region : Approved by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on September 29, 2019. p. ; cm. (OAS. Official records ; OEA/Ser.L/V/II) ISBN 978-0-8270-6931-2 1. Indigenous peoples--Civil rights--Amazon River Region. 2. Indigenous peoples-- Legal status, laws, etc.--Amazon River Region. 3. Human rights--Amazon River Region. I. Title. II. Series. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc.176/19 INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Members Esmeralda Arosemena de Troitiño Joel Hernández García Antonia Urrejola Margarette May Macaulay Francisco José Eguiguren Praeli Luis Ernesto Vargas Silva Flávia Piovesan Executive Secretary Paulo Abrão Assistant Executive Secretary for Monitoring, Promotion and Technical Cooperation María Claudia Pulido Assistant Executive Secretary for the Case, Petition and Precautionary Measure System Marisol Blanchard a.i. Chief of Staff of the Executive Secretariat of the IACHR Fernanda Dos Anjos In collaboration with: Soledad García Muñoz, Special Rapporteurship on Economic, Social, Cultural, and Environmental Rights (ESCER) Approved by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on September 29, 2019 INDEX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 INTRODUCTION 19 CHAPTER 1 | INTER-AMERICAN STANDARDS ON INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES APPLICABLE TO THE PAN-AMAZON REGION 27 A. Inter-American Standards Applicable to Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in the Pan-Amazon Region 29 1.