Riordan Clinic IVC Academy Dr Hugh Riordan Vitamin C Maverick Slides 1 - 45 O © Riordan Clinic 2018 Dr. Hugh Riordan Vitamin C Maverick Ron Hunninghake M.D. Chief Medical Officer Riordan Clinic “One man with courage makes a majority.” Andrew Jackson Riordan Clinic www.riordanclinic.org Dedication • Dr. Hugh D. Riordan • Founder of Riordan Clinic • The Hugh D. Riordan Professorship in Orthomolecular Medicine • The 45th endowed professorship at Kansas Univ. School of Medicine 1932 - 2005 “The Hugh D. Riordan, MD, Professorship in Orthomolecular Medicine at KU Endowment honors the memory of Riordan, a pioneer in the field of complementary and alternative medicine, who died in January of 2005. He was a strong supporter of orthomolecular medicine, the practice of preventing and treating disease by providing the body with optimal amounts of natural substances.” KUMC News Bulletin Continuing Pauling’s Legacy Orthomolecular is the “right molecule” - Linus Pauling, PhD • Two-time Nobel Prize winner • Molecular Biologist • Coined the term “Orthomolecular” 1968 Science* article “Orthomolecular Psychiatry” *www.orthomolecular.org Hall of Fame 2004 1901 - 1994 “In the fields of observation… chance favors the prepared mind.” Dans les champs de l'observation le hasard ne favorise que les esprits préparés. Louis Pasteur 1822 - 1895 The Island of Curacao 1492 • Legend has it that several sailors from Christopher Columbus’ voyage to the new world developed scurvy • Feeling very sick and referring not to die at sea, they were dropped off on an uncharted Caribbean Island • Months later, the returning crew were all shocked and surprised to see these men, who were thought to be surely dead, waving to them from the shores, alive and healthy! • The island was named Curacao, meaning Cure. • The island, Curacao, was abundant with fresh fruit. - “A Short History of Scurvy” by Dr. Mark R. Anderson James Lind’s 1747 Clinical Study Lind divided twelve scorbutic sailors into six groups of two. All were fed the same diet + a daily dose of: Group #1 – qt. of cider Group #2 – 25 drops of sulfuric acid Group #3 – 6 spoonfuls of vinegar Group #4 – half a pint of seawater, Group #5 – 2 oranges + 1 lemon Group #6 – a spicy paste plus a drink of barley water After just six days a Group #5 sailor was fit for duty while the other had almost recovered. 1716 - 1794 Something in Unpolished Rice • In the late 1800s,Doctor Christiaan Eijkman discovered that substituting unpolished rice for polished rice would prevent beriberi • 1929 Eijkman was awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery of vitamins • Ironically, Eijkman had spent most of his career trying to prove that beriberi was caused by an infection! 1858 - 1930 Vital Amines are Discovered • In 1911 a Polish chemist discovered the actual substance in unpolished rice that prevented the development of beriberi. • The substance was categorized as an amine, a type of nitrogen- containing compound. • Casimir Funk realized that it was a substance vital to proper body function… a “vital amine.” Casimir Funk, PhD He called his discovery a vitamin • 1884 - 1967 Hall of Fame 2010 The ABCs of Vitamins • Sir Frederick Hopkins deprived animals of different types of foods in controlled experiments • Mice would stop growing unless their diet was supplemented with milk. • Thus, Hopkins later isolated vitamin A • Funk had isolated vitamin B (thiamine) • A third non-amine vitamin was postulated in 1911 which was thought to be an acid that was anti-scurvy • Since it was a-scorbutic, it was named “ascorbic acid”… also known as ______ 1861 - 1947 Vitamin C and “biological combustion” • Albert Szent-Györgyi was the first to isolate ascorbic acid in kilogram amounts that could be tested • He received the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine • “For his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid“ • The unique role of vitamin C in redox Albert Szent-Györgyi PhD reactions that are necessary for all life 1893-1986 processes O. Hall of Fame 2005 "Vitamin C is a specific antagonist of chemical and bacterial toxins." • 20 years before Linus Pauling, McCormick noted that four out of five cases of heart attacks showed vitamin C deficiency • Smoking of one cigarette neutralizes in the body approximately 25 mg of vit. C • Pioneered the idea that poor collagen formation, due to William J. McCormick MD vitamin C deficiency, was a 1880-1968 principal cause of cancer spread O. Hall of Fame 2004 "If you want results, use adequate ascorbic acid." • Dr. Klenner was the first physician to emphasize that small amounts of ascorbate do not work. • In a controlled study of 70 polio children, half given vitamin C and half given placebo, none of the ascorbate treated cases developed any paralysis while 20% of the untreated did. • "Some physicians would stand by and see their patient die rather than use Frederick Klenner, M.D. ascorbic acid because, in their finite 1907-1984 minds, it exists only as a vitamin.“ O. Hall of Fame 2005 - Fred Klenner Medical Definition of “Vitamin” • Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary: • a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts… • …and that are necessary in trace amounts for L-Gulono-Lactone-Oxidase the normal metabolic Mutation Deficiency functioning of the body “the GLO enzyme” The Healing Factor (1976) Vitamin C Against Disease • Irwin Stone was the biochemist who introduced Linus Pauling to vitamin C • “Almost all animal species — dogs, cats, cows, horses, elephants, and so on — have continued to synthesize ascorbate. animals manufacture very large amounts of ascorbate. The amount manufactured is approximately proportional to the body weight, and, converted to the weight of a human being, ranges from about 2,000 to 20,000 milligrams per day. Irwin Stone concluded that human beings with an average diet are accordingly all suffering from hypoascorbemia, a Irwin Stone PhD deficiency of ascorbate in the blood and tissues.“ 1907-1984 - Linus Pauling in His Own Words (1995) O. Hall of Fame 2004 Comparing Vitamin C Synthesis to Predicted Oral Consumption mg/kg/d Human equivalent humans 1 60 mg/d Dog 3 200 mg/d Pig 8 500 mg/d monkey* 100 7,000 mg/d Goat 190 14,000 mg/d Sick Goat ~1300 100,000 mg/d *spider monkey in natural habitat The Father of Orthomolecular Medicine • In 1952 he ran the first double-blind, placebo-controlled study in the history of psychiatry, • It showed that vitamin B3 could cure schizophrenia…from this research he wrote How to Live with Schizophrenia. • Linus Pauling planned to retire at 65 • He chanced to see Hoffer’s book on a friend's coffee table. Abram Hoffer • Pauling did not go to bed the first night he read this book… and decided not to 1917- 2009 retire because of it. O. Hall of Fame 2006 Living Longer and Feeling Better • “ I am convinced today that vitamin C is the most important single nutrient that one can give to any person with cancer.” • (Abram Hoffer’s conclusion after being encouraged by Linus Pauling to follow 134 cancer patients whom he started on 10 or more grams of vitamin C) • Vitamin C (plus the other nutrients in the Hoffer Cancer treatment protocol) doubled survivability in this group* *Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine, Volume 5, p. 143, 1990 Pub. -1986 4-fold increase in life expectancy • Proceedings of National Academy of Science – 1974, ‘78 • IVC 10 grams daily for 10 days followed by 10 grams per day orally in terminal cancer patients • “Larger amounts than 10 grams per day might have a greater effect.” Ewan Cameron 1907-1984 O. Hall of Fame 2007 Re-thinking Vitamin C’s “bowel tolerance dosing” • After reading Linus Pauling's book, he began using high dose C for his own allergies and patients' viral infections. • He observed that a person's tolerance for the vitamin increased considerably according to the severity of illness. • A typical 12-gram C-tolerance dose of ascorbate could go upwards to a 100 grams when ill with a bad cold or flu. • Bob found that titration of vitamin C Robert Cathcart III MD dosage to bowel tolerance permitted 1932 - 2007 quicker resolution of a severe illness. Hall of Fame 2008 Mortel, et al • Two randomized, double blind, placebo- controlled studies at Mayo Clinic • 10 grams of oral C once daily in 200 late stage cancer patients • “No statistical benefit” Note: Pauling wrote many rebuttal letters stating the Mayo studies were not actual replications • The Mayo studies were taken as definitive by the oncologic community 24.5 Padayatty S J et al. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:533-537 1 mg/100 ml = 56.78 micromol/L. Plasma vitamin C 21 concentrations in healthy volunteers 17.5 after IV or oral administration 14 of vitamin C “Pharmacokinetic studies 10.5 in healthy persons, using a depletion-repletion design, show that intravenous 7. administration can achieve 70-fold 3.5 higher blood levels of vitamin C than the highest tolerated oral dose.” The IVC Medical Maverick • With Pauling’s death, Dr. Hugh Riordan was determined to carry on the work of determining the role of vitamin C dosage and mode of administration in cancer care • Riordan was a medical history buff • During times of discouragement he read about a recurrent theme in the history of medical advancements: • Significant advances rarely came Hugh Riordan from within orthodox medicine… 1932- 2005 • Most were made by mavericks O. Hall of Fame 2006 “If we all worked on the assumption that what is accepted as true really is true, there would be little hope of advance.” Orville Wright Medical Mavericks “If everyone is thinking alike, then no one is thinking.” Benjamin Franklin George Williams Riordan Clinic’s 1st cancer patient J Orthomol Med 1990; 5:5-7 • 1990 – Adenocarcinoma of right kidney • Underwent nephrectomy • After surgery, lung and liver mets discovered • IVC 30 grams twice weekly…felt well • After 15 months of therapy, mets were gone • 14 yrs later, at age 84, George died of CHF Intravenous Ascorbic Acid 78,200 Estimated # of IVC’s ordered by Dr.