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Studies on Industrially Important Guttiferae and Palmae Family

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Studies on Industrially Important Guttiferae and Palmae Family Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2016; 5(6): 194-198 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 Studies on industrially important Guttiferae and JPP 2016; 5(6): 194-198 Palmae family Received: 18-05-2016 Accepted: 19-06-2016 Kembavimath M Kotraswamy Kembavimath M Kotraswamy, Irfan N Shaikh, Rajasaheb F Ankalgi, Department of Chemistry, G.S. Shamsunnisa R Ankalgi, Imran N Shaikh and Umar Farooq Bagwan Science College, Belgaum, India Abstract Irfan N Shaikh Department of Chemistry, The Garcinia mangostana seed oil contains 56.2% oleic acid and 6.4% linoleic acid. The palmitic SECAB Institute of Engineering (14.8%) and stearic acid (9.0%) are major components amongst the saturated acids with smaller amounts & Technology, Vijayapura, India of capric (0.9%), lauric (2.2%), myristic (6.6%) and arachidic (3.9%). Moreover, Phoenix sylvestris, cerita mistis, chrysalidocarpus lutescens, Washingtonia filifera and phoenix rupicola belong to palmae Rajasaheb F Ankalgi family and could be compared with the oils rich in lauric acid such as cinnamon and palm kernel oils (80- Essar Laboratories and Research 90% and 45-58% respectively). Centre, Hubli, India Keywords: Guttiferae, Palmae, fatty acid, industrially important Shamsunnisa R Ankalgi Essar Laboratories and Research 1. Introduction Centre, Hubli, India One of the important facts of plants is their diverse pool of fatty acids. The oil seeds contains Imran N Shaikh particular fatty acids with industrially important because of their characteristic properties. The Department of Chemistry, main constituent of all the oils is the fatty acids which may include saturated, monounsaturated Mahatma Gandhi PU Science and polyunsaturated fatty acid that contribute in human physiology in different ways [1]. The College, Yadgir, India seed oils containing unusual fatty acids are industrially important as they are used in the protective coatings, plastics, cosmetics, lubricants, varieties of synthetic intermediates, Umar Farooq Bagwan Department of Chemistry, stabilizers in plastic formulations. The interesting unusual fatty acids present in high SECAB Institute of Engineering concentration of certain seed oils are being exploited for the industrial utilization. These fatty & Technology, Vijayapura, India acids of unusual structures are highly important for the production of oleochemicals [2, 3]. Guttiferae are a family of about 36 genera and 1,600 species with a pantropical distribution that occurs widely in temperate regions and have been used since ancient times as folk remedies. It is herbaceous perennial plant that grows in open dry stony ground and cultivated fields [4]. Extracts of the leaves, stem bark and root bark of the plant, alone or combined with other plants are widely known for the application against a number of human ailments, such as upper respiratory tract infection, dysentery diarrhea and toothache [5]. It has traditionally been used in the treatment of burns and gastrointestinal diseases [6]. Results from recent studies [7] [8] [9] [10, 11] reporting the antinociceptive , anti-inflammatory , antioxidant , antimicrobial , and cytotoxic [12] activities demonstrate the great potential of this species for use as a medicinal plant. The palm family (Palmae or Arecaceae) is a conspicuous and important feature of tropical and subtropical habitats throughout the world. In general, palms are recognized instantly by the botanist and the layman alike, despite the fact that a great diversity of morphology exists [13] among the 191 recognized genera. The current classification of the palms , comprises six subfamilies, 14 tribes and 38 subtribes, many of which are defined in the informal classification of Moore (1973). Almost all palmate qeaved palms belong to the Coryphoideae, a subfamily of 40 genera divided among three tribes and six subtribes. The subfamily includes one pinnate-leaved genus, Phoenix, in which the leaf lamina is split to give induplicately- folded segments, as in almost all other coryphoid palms. After exhaustive survey of literature on guttiferae and palmae family it was found that there is no report entirely on this family regarding the component fatty acids. Hence, the study of this family was undertaken with a view that it might contain some unusual fatty acids. However, no unusual fatty acids are encountered in the present work. But this will be first report on this family as well as species. Hence, the study of this family was undertaken. This will be first report on this family as well as species examined in this investigation. Correspondence Rajasaheb F Ankalgi 2. Results and Discussions Essar Laboratories and Research Centre, Hubli, India Garcinia mangostana seed oil contains 56.2% oleic acid and 6.4% linoleic acid. The palmitic (14.8%) and stearic acid (9.0%) are major components amongst the saturated acids with ~ 194 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry smaller amounts of capric (0.9%), lauric (2.2%), myristic oleic (26.3%) and linoleic (11.8%) acids. (6.6%) and arachidic (3.9%). The present investigation was The seed oil of Caryota urens is rich in palmitic acid (31.1%). undertaken to study the detail pattern of component fatty The other components amongst the saturated acids are lauric acids of Garcinia xanthochymus seed oil as there is only one (3.8%), myristic (4.8%) and arachidic (0.7%). The linoleic report on the fatty acid composition of this seed oil. Sabata et acid (40.1%) and oleic (16.0%) are only unsaturated acids. al., have reported 41.0% palmitic acid as the only component Livistona rotundifolia contains 10% of lauric acid and fatty acid amongst the saturated acids [14]. The oleic acid (15.2%) of palmitic acids amongst the saturated acids with (55.45%) is only the principal component amongst the small amounts of capric (0.9%), myristic (5.7%), stearic unsaturated acids with small amount of linoleic 3.5%. But in (7.1%) and behenic (2.0%). The unsaturated acids are only the species under investigation contains 33.4% of saturated oleic (33.0%), and linoleic (26.1%). Chrysalidocarpus (Areca) acids and 62.6% of unsaturated acids. The oil form this lutescene seed oil contains (41.2%) of lauric acid, (26.4%) of species contains capric (0.9%), lauric (2.2%), myristic (6.6%), myristic acid. The next major saturated acid is palmitic acid palmitic (14.8%), stearic (9.0%) and arachidic (3.9%) acids (11.8%). This oil also contains small amount of capric and amongst the saturated acids. The unsaturated acids are only stearic acids amongst the saturated acids. The unsaturated oleic (56.2%) and linoleic (6.4%). The oleic acid is present in acids are oleic (10.5%) and linoleic (7.5%). Washingtonia major proportion. The pattern of unsaturated acids is nearly filifera, contains (83.6%) of saturated acids and 16.4% of the same as reported earlier. But there is a lot of change in the unsaturated acids. The major acids are lauric (25.8%), and proportion of saturated fatty acids. However, the detail in data palmitic (38.2%) with smaller amounts of myristic (10.9%) is given in Table-1. and stearic (6.6%) acids. However, arachidic (1.0%), and Mammea longifolia, Planch and triana seeds are rich source of behonic (1.1%) acids are also present acids are only oleic vegetable oil. The kernels on extraction with petroleum ether (5.6%) and linoleic (10.8%). yielded 75% of fatty oil. This seed oil resembles the undi or Phoenix rupicola contains (51.8%) of unsaturated acids and Domba oil obtained from the seed kernels of Calophyllum (48.2%) of saturated acids. The unsaturated are oleic (41.2%) inophyllum, another tree of guttiferae family. The seed oil of and linoleic (10.6%). This seed oil contains lauric (20.8%), Mammea longifolia, contains palmitic (16.7%) and stearic myristic (12.4%), palmitic (10.9%), stearic (3.3%), arachidic (13.3%) acids as the major component of saturated acids with (0.5%) and behenic (0.3%) acids. Licuala grandis seed oil small amounts of lauric (0.4%), mayristic (1.5%) and linoleic contains (62.6%) of unsaturated acids. The unsaturated acids (33.6%) are the major unsaturated fatty acids present in the oil are only oleic (33.4%) and linoleic (29.0%). The palmitic in small amounts. The fatty oil in different seed kernels of this (27.4%) acids is only a major component amongst the family varies from 4 to 85.9%. The Iodine value ranges from saturated acids with smaller amounts of lauric (2.5%), 36.2 to 94.0. The saponification equivalent varies from 273 to myristic (2.3%) stearic (1.9%), arachidic (1.4%) and behenic 283.2. The fatty acid composition of Mammea longifolia seed (2.1%) acids. oil resembles that of undi oil would be seen from a The member of plant family are noted for their higher comparison of the fatty acids composition of Mammea percentage of lauric (16-52%) and myristic (7-51%) acids, longifolia, undi and some other seed oils of the trees of family and low percentage of linoleic acid which rarely exceeds 10 Guttiferae (Table-1). percentage [16]. However, Norice [17] has reported different Phoenix sylvestris, cerita mistis, chrysalidocarpus lutescens, pattern of fatty acid composition in three species of Washingtonia filifera and phoenix rupicola belong to palmae Rhopalostylis (palmae), which contain lauric (0.2 to 11%), family and could be compared with the oils rich in lauric acid myristic (0.5 to 17%) and larger amounts of linoleic acid such as cinnamon and palm kernel oils [15] (80-90% and 45- (18.59%). In present investigation similar pattern of fatty acid 58% respectively). The seed oil of phoenix sylvestris contains composition as reported by morice in seed fat of (45.1%) of saturated acids with lauric acid as the principal Rhopalostylis is observed in Licuala grandis, such type of component (23.8%). It also contains smaller amounts of composition has also been found in Caryota urens and myristic (11.9%), and palmitic (9.4%) acids.
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