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Rhopalostylis Sapida on Creat Barrier Island. New Zealand

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Rhopalostylis Sapida on Creat Barrier Island. New Zealand r 9871 ENDT:RHOPALOSTYLIS Princtpes,3l(4),1987, pp. 165 168 Rhopalostylissapida on Creat Barrier Island. New Zealand Drcr ENor 108 ParkerRoad. Oratia, Auckland 7, Nen ZeaLand New Zealand native forests give an are very different. They grow more vig- immediate impression of being like tropical orously, have thicker trunks and generally rainforest, yet the New Zealand climate, have a more open crown. They seem to can only be classified as warm temperate be more allied to the Kermadec Island at best. This impression is no doubt nikau, R. cheesemanii. enhanced by the frequent and luxurient In order to collect the best formof Rho- presence of New Zealand's only palm palostylis sapida I decided to visit Great 'onikaLl," referred to by the Maori people as Barrier Island in search of seedmost suited oo R hop alo styli s sap ida. The nikau" p aIm for growing in nursery and for distribution occurs throushout the North Island and to the International Palm Society. extends into the South Island as far south My visit to Creat Barrier Island was as the Banks peninsula; a notable presence planned to coincide with the ripening of of the nikau is on the Chatham Islands seed which normally commences during about 600 miles east off the South Island. the month of August. The only regular This southernmost limit is halfway between means of reaching the Island is to fly from the Equator and the South Pole near the Auckland City in a small single engined northern limits of the drift ice of the Ant- aircraft which takes only 40 minutes to "Barrier." arctic continent, surely the most southern reach one of the airstrips on the limit of any palm species. The closely The flight itself is a delight as one crosses related species, Rhopalostylis cheese- the island studded Hauraki Gulf until the manii occurs on the Kermadec Islands. well named Great Barrier Island is reached. Rhopalostylis baueri is native to Norfolk This rugged mountainous island is approx- Island. These last two species show close imately 30 miles long by about 8 miles resemblance to the New Zealand R. sap- wide and shelters the entrance of the Hau- Lda- raki Gulf from the fierce gales which lYikau is commonly known as the periodically sweep in from the northeast. "feather duster palm," because of the rigid Most of the island is clad in dense forest, upright leaves which form its characteristic much ofit secondary bush, cut over during crown. Although the nikau palm of New the last century to extract its valuable Kauri Zealand is recognized as one species there timber. Flying over the island forest can- is considerable variation in form in differ- opy one can see the many star shaped ent parts of the country. Generally, those heads of the nihau palms which have growing in the more southern regions are reached the upper canopy of the forest, more robust and taller in stature. Those the color of the leaves being a lighter green growing in the northern part of the North in contrast to the generally somber hues Island are less tall, finer leaved, and more of the general vegetation. The Island is upright in form. In contrast those growing sparsely populated, hence a trip needs to on the offshore Islands of the North Island be well planned to allow for an extended 166 PRINCIPES [\rol. 31 at Wreck Bay, Great Ilarrier Island. Note the upright growth of the leaf canopy in this exposed site stay in case the weather closes in, effec- there last century. This secluded inlet is situ- tively blocking all communication with the ated alorrg the northeastern part of the Is- rnainland.My object was to hike to'Wreck land in a totally uninhabited region, forest Bav, so named after a schooner wrecked covered to the water's edee. Tt is here that r987l ENDT:RHOPALOSTYLIS r67 2. Splendid Iorm of nikau, Rhopalostylis sapida, 3. iVlAaz palms, Rhopalostylis sapida, lend a growing in the shade of the forest, Great Barrier tropical appearance of the New Zealand bush on Island. Creat Barrier Island. some magnificent stands of nikau occur. palm is generally recognized by this pecu- From the airfield the road leads ndrth for liar feather duster appearance. about six miles until the last farmhouse is These same palms growing in the pro- reached. From here we proceeded to walk tected environment of the bush display a along the beach until a suitable track was totally different growth pattern. Here the found which turned inland, up a steep ridge leaves grow much larger, arch out and reaching an altitude of about 1,000 feet. appear much less upright. Very often palms All along the ridge nikaus were present growing under shady conditions fail to scattered here and there, never in solid flower and seed. stands. Most palms exposed to the open Following a series of high ridges and hillside were windlashed and tattered on peaks one reaches'Wreck Bay after a three the outer leaves. In spite of these severe hour hike; here one steeply descends into conditions the palms survived and grew. a narrow inlet or cove headed by a stoney Observing the leaf structure and the man- beach through which a stream emerges. ner in which they are held on the trunk it Cenerally. the nikou doesnot grow in pure is perhaps easy to understand why the stands, the only exception perhaps being niltau succeeds where other palms would along damp gullies and streams. Around fail. The crown is shaped like an inverted the stream running into the Bay there is cone, the old outer leaves held in place on a farge area o[ nikau growine in swamp the trunk by a sturdy bulbous crownshaft conditions. Here the niltaus have the more attached to the trunk. The upright leaves upright growth pattern as the palms are in turn protect the inner leaves hence in full light. It was here also that most of enabling the palm to function. The nikau my seed collection took place. r68 PRINCIPES [VoL. 3I In order to compare the various forms the differences are genetic rather than of the nikau we have planted the different environmental. Seed of the Great Barrier forms on our farm. The extra vigor dis- Island form was sent to the Seed Bank of played by the Great Barrier Island form the International Palm Society. is showingin our climatic conditions,hence BOOKSTORE" P,crMsrN AusrRerre (David JonesI984, 278 pp., over 200 color photographs)..---.25.00 A Grrror ro rHE MoNocorYLEDoNS oF P.qrus rN Coroun (DavidJones 1985, 93 Pepue NEw Gurnn,r, P.cnr 3, PerlirA.a pp.) ,-...,...,...,.-....... 8.95 (R. J. Johns and A. J. M. Hay, Eds., Perl,rs or rHr LrssEn ANrlrrs (R. W. IeB4. 124 pp.) .....-...-...-...-...... $8.00 Read 1979, 48 pp.) .........,....., 8.00 A MANUALor rHe Rerreus or rHe Me- PALMSFoR rnl Hour eno GenonN (L. LAyPENINSULA (J. Dransfield 1979,27O Stewart 198I, 72 pp., somecolor) ,-.....,..10.95 pP.) - --------------------- 25.00 Perus or SourH Fronlre (G. B. Steven- CocoNUT PALM FRoND Wrevrnc (Wm. son 1974,25I pp.) 7.95 H. Goodloe1,972, I32 pp.) ,-..--.,-..--...-..--..-..3.95 PALMSoF THEWoRLD (J. C. McCurrach Cocourrr Rrsn.rncn Irqsrrrurr, MeNelo 1960, 29o pp.) ..-...-..--......--..-.. 19.00 (P. A. Davis, H. Sudasrip,and S. M. Peru Seco (K. Ruddle,D. Johnson,P. K. Darwis,1985, 165 pp., 79 pp. color) ---... 35.00 Townsend,J. D. Rees I978,190 Curuverro Perrrrs oF VENEZUELA(A. pp.) ,,...,,..,...,,,..,..,, 10.00 Braun 1970, 94 pp. and 95 photo- SECREToF THE ORIENTDWARF RHAPIS graphs.)............... 6.00 EXCELSA(L. McKamey 1983, 5t pp.) ..--- 3.95 ExorICA (4) (A. Gral pictorial encyclo- THE CENUSPTYCHOSPERMA LABILL. (F. pedia, 2 vols., including 250 plant fam- B. Essig 1978, 6I pp.) ..--..--...-..,-...-..--..--..-...-.6.50 ilies, 16,600 illust., 405 in color, 2590 THE INDICENoUSPALMS oF NEw CALE- pp.) ------ --- --- ---- -- t 87.00 ooNIe (H. E. Moore, Jr.. N. I(r. Uhl FLoRA oF PlNeue (Palms) (R. E. Wood- 1984, 88 pp.) ,...-...,-..-...-..,-.., 12.00 son, Jr., R. W. Schery 1943, I22 TRoPIcA(A. Graf, 7000 color photos, I 138 pP.) 17.00 pp.) ..,...,-..,-....,...,..- -."................125.00 Frone or Pnnu (Palms) (J. F. MacBride 19o0. 97 pp.)...................... - 8.00 PALM PAPERS (Postage Included) FLoRIDA Parus, Handbook of (B. Mc- FunrHEn InroRlr.uroN oN HARDy PALMS Ceachy1955. o2 pp.) .....---- 1.95 (J. Popenoe1973, 4 pp.) -. HARVESToF rnr Peru (J. J. Fox 1977, NorES oN PRTTcHARDTAt" H;;; it.'- 244 nn \ 22.50 Hodel 1980. l6 pp.) ...--.--. 2.50 INIEx io PRTNCTIES(Vols. 1-20, 1956- RAREPALMS IN ARGENTINA(reprint from I976, H. E. Moore, Jr., 68 pp.) --..---.--..-..3.00 Principes, E. J. Pingitore 1982, 9 pp., MeJon Tnnrqos ol Evor-urroN iN Petus 5 beautifuldrawings) 2.75 (H. E. Moore,Jr., N. W. Uhl 1982, 69 PALMS-ANCESTRYAND RELATIONS(B. pp.) 6.00 Ciesla1979. a chart) -..--..-...-... 6.00 Or Perlrs exl OrHrn Onsrrns ol rnn PALMSFoR TExes Leuoscaers (R. Dew- Alt,lzoN (C. Pesce,1941, translatedand ers & T. Keeter 1972, 3 pp.) .-.......-..........r.25 editedby D. Johnson,1985, 199 pp.) .---. 24.95 THr Hlnoresr Perlts (J. Popenoe1973, pene Penr,qs INrrnIonns, PeRequns v a PP') " "" " ' t.25 A\'ENIDAS(in Spanish,A. Braun 1983, 83 pp.. 39 pp. color) 8.95 The palm books listed above may be ordered at PALMASTnoptcetes: Cuttlveoes tN the prices indicated plus $1.50 extra per book to VEruezttrre (in Spanish,J. Hoyas F. cover packaging and postage. (California residents and A. Braun, 1984, all in color, 134 please add 67o sales tax.) Foreign checks must be in - 50.00 rr" US dollars and payable on a USA bank. In some PuEu IxootrEst,t (in Indonesian) (Sas- countries it is possible to send International Money traprdja, Mogea, Sangat, Afriastini, Orders through the Post Office.
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