KEYWORD INDEX 1 5 a B C D E F G H I Ii

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

KEYWORD INDEX 1 5 a B C D E F G H I Ii Journal of Nematology 34(4):ii–v. 2002. © The Society of Nematologists 2002. KEYWORD INDEX 1 corky ringspot disease 66 G correlation 80 18S rDNA 319 cotton 115, 232 Galleria mellonella 23, 351 cover crop 106, 289 gene expression 71 5 cranberry 207 gene sequence 71 crop loss 370 genetic resource 358 5.8S rRNA gene 263 crop model 200 Geographical Information System (GIS) crop risk 200 200, 207 A crop rotation 289, 378 geostatistics 80, 189, 232 Crotalaria juncea 106 Global Positioning System (GPS) 194, 200 Adelges tsugae 213 Cucumis melo 43 Globodera 263, 319 aldicarb 115 Cucurbitaceae 140 Globodera pallida 194, 319 alfalfa 66 cultivar 378 Globodera rostochiensis 194 Alternaria solani 189 culture 343 Globodera tabacum 34 amphid 50 cyanide 16 Glycine max 239, 370, 378 Ananas comosus 106 cyst 250 glycine-rich protein 75 anisotropy 80 cyst nematode 12, 312 glyphosate 370 antagonist 405 Gossypium hirsutum 115, 232 antagonistic interaction 267 D grape rootstock 28, 143 Arabidopsis thaliana 75 green manure 16, 289 Arachis hypogaea 98 Arizona 200 damage function 38 Aspergillus 98 database 296 H database analysis 207 defoliation 213 harvest forecast 200 B degree day 200 hatch 146 bacterium 1, 23, 120 detection 185, 222 head 50 behavior 135, 239, 328 development 28, 143 Hederodera glycines 9 benzaldehyde 362 diagnostic compendium 250 Helicotylenchus 88 bioactive 358 Diaprepes abbreviatus 159 hemicellulose 362 biocontrol agent 1 discriminant analysis 213 hemlock 213 biogeography 390 discriminating 213 hemlock woolly adelgid 213 biological control 1, 16, 120, 130, 171, 246, disease forecast 200 herbal remedy 124 332, 405 disease modeling 200 herbicide-resistant crop 370 biological control fungus 351 disease risk 200 Heterodera avenae group 250 black root rot 351, 409 disease suppression 16 Heterodera glycines 12, 185, 222, 279 botanical 124 distribution pattern 185 Heterodera glycines (HG) type 279 Brassica napus 106 disturbance 88 Heterodera goldeni n. sp. 312 Brazil 135, 232 Dorylaimid 390 Heterodera graminophila 312 breeding 34 double-cropping 130 Heterodera leuceilyma 312 breeding line 378 Dracognomus americanum n. sp. 303 Heterodera schachtii 75 Brevibacterium iodinum 362 Dracognomus simplex 303 Heterorhabditis 239, 246 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus 62, 396 Draconematidae 303 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora 151, 171, 340, 343 C Heterorhabditis downesi 151 E Heterorhabditis indica 23 Heterorhabditis megidis 151 California 200 early blight 189 Hoplolaimus columbus 370 Capsicum annuun 374 early dying 189 host 340 carbohydrate 273 eastern hemlock 213 host range 140 cellulase 12 ecology 88 Cephalobus 88 host reaction 135 economic threshold 43 host suitability 378 change detection 213 egg 146, 267 chitin 362 host-parasite relationship 135 Egypt 312 host-plant tolerance 370 chloride 273 energy reserve 151 chorotype 390 hypersensitive reaction 28, 143 entomopathogenic nematode 23, 151, 159, chronosequence 88 171, 239, 246, 328, 332, 340, 343, 351 citral 362 environmental safety 179 I citrus 267, 384 esophageal gland 9 citrus nematode 273 Iberian Peninsula 390 citrus root weevil 159 esophageal gland cell 12 Idaho 200 classification scheme 279 expressed sequence tag (EST) 71 identification 250, 296, 303 clover 16 extraction method 62 image editing 296 Coffea arabica 135 in vivo production 343 coffee 135 F infectivity 151 Columbia lance nematode 370 insect 23 combination 1 Fabaceae 140 insect host 328 compendium 250 flax 16 insect risk 200 competition 267, 384 forest 88, 213 insecticidal toxin complex 23 complementary DNA (cDNA) 12 Fragaria x ananassa 351, 409 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) 194 computer application 296 fumigant nematicide 370 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 263 conditional simulation 232 functional genomics 71 interspecific interaction 384 Conotrachelus nenuphar 246 fungus 1 ITS1 263 Convolvulaceae 140 Fusarium solani 267 ITS2 263 ii Keyword Index iii K Paratrichodorus allius 66 RootShield 351 pathogenicity 146 Rotylenchulus reniformis 106, 232, 378 key 250, 303 peach 120 Korea 43 peanut 98 S kriging 232 pectate lyase gene 9 penetration 28, 143 sampling 80 L pepper 374 sampling strategy 185 Landsat TM 213 perennial crop management 207 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 50, legume 358 persistence 151 303, 312 lesion nematode 130, 135, 409 pheromone 328 Sclerotium rolfsii 98 lip region 50 Photorhabdus luminescens akhurstii 23 scotch spearmint 66 lipid 151 phylogenetic analysis 263 Seinura diversa 175 Seinura winchesi 175 Lycopersicon esculentum 130, 171, 239, 351, phylogeny 319 Seinuridae 175 362 phytochemical 362 semivariogram 232 Phytophthora nicotianae 267, 384 sequence database 71 M phytotoxicity 124 Serratia marcescens 362 pine bark 362 management 106, 222, 374 Sinapis alba 106 pineapple 106 management efficacy 43 site-specific application 115 pinewood nematode 62 map 80 site-specific management 80 Pinus densiflora 396 mapping 200 small subunit (SSU) 319 Pinus pinaster 62 marigold 106, 130 sodium 273 plant disease loss 222 marine nematode 50, 303 soil 88, 106 plant extract 124 maritime pine 62 soil amendment 358 plum curculio 246 mating 328 soil baiting 151 pollenin 75 Medicago sativa 66 soil disturbance 88 population density 43 Meloidogyne 179, 319, 405 soil texture 80 population dynamics 38, 189, 409 Meloidogyne arenaria 28, 43, 143, 267 Solanum tuberosum 66, 130, 189 Portugal 263 Meloidogyne hapla 16, 409 southern blight 98 potassium 273 Meloidogyne incognita 75, 115, 171, 374 soybean 239, 370, 378 potato 66, 130, 189 Meloidogyne javanica 124, 239 soybean cyst nematode 185, 222, 279 potato cyst nematode 194 Meloidogyne megadora 140 Spain 146, 405 potato early dying 130 Mentha cardiaca 66 spatial dependence 80 Pratylenchus coffeae 135 Mesocriconema xenoplax 120 spatial distribution 80, 189, 390 Pratylenchus penetrans 130, 189, 351, 409 method 296 spatio-temporal structure 185 Pratylenchus vulnus 124 methyl bromide alternative 374 Spodoptera litura 23 precision 62 microbe 1 staining procedure 179 precision agriculture 115, 232 microbial community 98 starvation 151 Prochaetosomatinae 303 microbial diversity 98 Steinernema 239, 246 production system 343 microscopy 296 Steinernema carpocapsae 328, 340, 343, 351 profit limit 43 Mississippi 88 Steinernema diaprepesi n. sp 159 Prunus persica 120 molecular nematology 9 Steinernema feltiae 171, 351 Pseudomonas fluorescens 362 Monochamus alternatus 396 Steinernema riobrave 171 Punctodera 263 Monochid 390 stem girdling 273 Punctodera chalcoensis 263 morphology 50, 250, 296, 303, 312 strawberry 351, 409 Punctodera punctata 263 motility 351 Subanguina radicicola 319 movement 396 succession 88 multiple infection 396 Q sudangrass 16 Musaceae 140 sunn hemp 106 Qasabagrass root 312 suppression 124, 171, 239 N survey 405 R survival 151 Nacobbus abberans 319 switchgrass 98 natural product 124 race scheme 279 nematode control 289 rapeseed 106 T new species 159, 303, 312 rearing conditions 340 Nicotiana tabacum 34, 38, 66 remote sensing 207, 213, 222 Tagetes erecta 106, 130 reniform nematode 378 tapetum 75 O repellence 351 taxonomy 159, 175, 250, 303, 312 Okranema eileenae 50 reproduction 28, 143, 146, 246 temperature effect 146 Olea europaea 146 reproductive index 378 thiophene 130 oleosin 75 reproductive isolation 328 Thoracostomopsidae 50 olive 146 resistance 28, 34, 143, 179, 374 Thripinema nicklewoodi 332 olive cyst nematode 146 Rhabditidae 88 tobacco 34, 38, 66 Oregon 200 rhizobacterium 120, 362 tobacco cyst nematode 34, 38 organic matter 80 Rhizoctonia fragariae 351, 409 tobacco rattle virus 66 oriental melon 43 rhizosphere 120 tomato 130, 171, 239, 351, 362 osmolyte 273 rhizosphere ecology 98 toxic effect 124 oviposition wound 396 ribosomal DNA (rDNA) 263, 319 toxin 23 ring nematode 120 transmission 396 P root exudate 146 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 50 root penetration 239 transplant 362 Panicum coloratum 312 root pruning 273 Trichoderma harzianum 351 Panicum virgatum 98 root-knot nematode 43, 98, 115, 140, 179, Tsuga canadensis 213 parasite 328 319, 358, 362, 374, 409 Tylenchulus semipenetrans 267, 273, 384 parasitism gene 12 root-lesion nematode 189 type collection 296 iv Journal of Nematology, Volume 34, No. 4, January 2003 U video 296 Y virulence 246 ultrastructure 50 Vitis 28, 143 yellow mustard 106 United Kingdom 194 yield loss 38, 207 unsupervised classification 207 W yield mapping 207 update 71 yield-limiting factor 185 Washington 200 V weather forecast 200 western flower thrips 332 Vaccinium macrocarpon 207 woodland 88, 213 Z variability 135 worker protection 179 Verticillium dahliae 189 World Wide Web 296 Zygotylenchus guevarai 319 AUTHORS INDEX A G Ma´rquez, A. L. 390 Martinez-Ochoa, N. 362 Abawi, G. S. 16, 289 Gao, B. 12 Mashela, P. W. 273 Alexander, S. A. 130 Gaugler, R. 239, 328, 343 Mason, J. M. 332 Allen, R. 12 Gbur, E. E. 378 Matlack, G. R. 88 Almeida, A. M. S. F. de 140 Gheysen, G. 75 McCarter, J. P. 71 Anwar, S. A. 28, 143 Graham, J. H. 267, 384 McCoy, C. 340 Arakawa, Y. 396 Greer, C. A. 200 McDermott, J. P. 9 Arelli, P. R. 279 Griffin, C. T. 151 McKenry, M. V. 28, 143 Guan, J. 222 Melakeberhan, H. 185 B Gubler, W. D. 200 Merrill, S. B. 179 Meyer, S. L. F. 1 Barbarosa, B. 328 H Mitkowski, N. A. 289 Barbosa, J. C. 232 Mizell, R. F., III 246 Barker, A. D. 194 Halford, P. D. 194 Moens, M. 319 Basart, J. P. 222 Handoo, Z. A. 250, 312 Mojtahedi, H. 66 Baum, T. J. 9, 12 Hass, B. 151 Moreira, A. J. D. 222 Bert, W. 296 Heinz, K. M. 332 Morgan, G. D. 189 Bhatnagar, R. K. 23 Hughes, M. G. 207 Morris, J. B. 358 Binning, L. K. 189 Hussey, R. S. 9, 12 Mota, M. M. 62 Bird, D. McK. 71 Mundo-Ocampo, M. 263 Bowen, K. L. 98 I Boydston, R. A. 66 N Brown, I. 343 Ibrahim, I. K. A. 312 Inomoto, M. M. 135 Nguyen, K. B. 159 C Niblack, T. L. 279 J Nicholas, W. L. 50 Campbell, J. F. 246 Noel, G. R. 279 Jackson, L. E. 378 Castillo, P. 146 Nthangeni, M. E. 273 Chong, C. S. 222 Nutter, F. W., Jr. 222 Clifton, S. W. 71 K Nyczepir, A.
Recommended publications
  • Rapid Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) For: Stage 1: Initiation
    Rapid Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) for: Globodera tabacum s.I. November 2014 Stage 1: Initiation 1. What is the name of the pest? Preferred scientific name: Globodera tabacum s.l. (Lownsbery & Lownsbery, 1954) Skarbilovich, 1959 Other scientific names: Globodera tabacum solanacearum (Miller & Gray, 1972) Behrens, 1975 syn. Heterodera solanacearum Miller & Gray, 1972 Heterodera tabacum solanacearum Miller & Gray, 1972 (Stone, 1983) Globodera Solanacearum (Miller & Gray, 1972) Behrens, 1975 Globodera Solanacearum (Miller & Gray, 1972) Mulvey & Stone, 1976 Globodera tabacum tabacum (Lownsbery & Lownsbery, 1954) Skarbilovich, 1959 syn. Heterodera tabacum Lownsbery & Lownsbery, 1954 Globodera tabacum (Lownsbery & Lownsbery, 1954) Behrens, 1975 Globodera tabacum (Lownsbery & Lownsbery, 1954) Mulvey & Stone, 1976 Globodera tabacum virginiae (Miller & Gray, 1968) Stone, 1983 syn. Heterodera virginiae Miller & Gray, 1968 Heterodera tabacum virginiae Miller & Gray, 1968 (Stone, 1983) Globodera virginiae (Miller & Gray, 1968) Stone, 1983 Globodera virginiae (Miller & Gray, 1968) Behrens, 1975 Globodera virginiae (Miller & Gray, 1968) Mulvey & Stone, 1976 Preferred common name: tobacco cyst nematode 1 This PRA has been undertaken on G. tabacum s.l. because of the difficulties in separating the subspecies. Further detail is given below. After the description of H. tabacum, two other similar cyst nematodes, colloquially referred to as horsenettle cyst nematode and Osbourne's cyst nematode, were later designated by Miller et al. (1962) from Virginia, USA. These cyst nematodes were fully described and named as H. virginiae and H. solanacearum by Miller & Gray (1972), respectively. The type host for these species was Solanum carolinense L.; other hosts included different species of Nicotiana, Physalis and Solanum, as well as Atropa belladonna L., Hycoscyamus niger L., but not S.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphometrics of Globodera Tabacum Tabacum, G. T. Virginiae, and G. T
    Journal of Nematology 25(2):148-160. 1993. © The Society of Nematologists 1993. Morphometrics of Globodera tabacum tabacum, G. t. virginiae, and G. t. solanacearum (Nemata: Heteroderinae) MANUEL M. MOTA AND JONATHAN D. EISENBACK 2 Abstract: A morphometric evaluation of second-stage juveniles (J2), males, females, cysts, and eggs of several isolates of the tobacco cyst nematode (TCN) complex, Globodera tabacum tabacum (GTT), G. t. virginiae (GTV), and G. t. solanacearum (GTS) is presented. Morphometrics of eggs, J2, and males are considerably less variable than of females and cysts. No measurements of eggs and J2 are useful for identification of the three subspecies. Distance from the median bulb and excretory pore to the head end in J2 and males is quite stable. Stylet knob width of males is useful for identifying GTV isolates and tail length in separating males of GTT isolates from GTV and GTS. Body length/width (L/W) ratio of females and cysts discriminates GTT from GTV and GTS; stylet knob width is an auxiliary character for identifying GTV. This subspecies complex has a continuum of values for the other characters. Data suggest a close relationship between GTV and GTS, which also occur in close proximity in Virginia. Key words: Cyst, Globodera tabacum tabacum, G. t. solanacearum, G. t. virginiae, morphometrics, nema- tode, tobacco cyst nematode, species complex, subspecies, variability. Morphometrics has been used exten- No major morphological differences sively in the taxonomy of cyst nematodes, were reported among J2 and males of sev- subfamily Heteroderinae sensu lato Luc et eral isolates of this complex (13). Some dif- al.
    [Show full text]
  • Hatch and Reproduction of Globodera Tabacum Tabacum in Response to Tobacco, Tomato, Or Black Nightshade J
    Journal of Nematology 27(3):382-386. 1995. © The Society of Nematologists 1995. Hatch and Reproduction of Globodera tabacum tabacum in Response to Tobacco, Tomato, or Black Nightshade J. A. LAMONDIA 1 Abstract: The effects of broadleaf tobacco, tomato, and black nightshade on juvenile hatch and reproduction of Globodera tabacum tabacum were determined in laboratory and greenhouse experi- ments. Root exudates from nightshade stimulated greater egg hatch than those from either 'Rutgers' tomato or '86-4' tobacco. Hatch was greater at higher proportions of root exudates for all three plant species. Root exudates from plants greater than 3 weeks old stimulated more hatch than younger plants. No regression relationships existed between plant age and nematode batch. In other exper- iments, hatch from eggs in cysts was higher for tomato and nightshade after 10 weeks in greenhouse pots compared to tobacco and bare soil. Numbers of second-stage juveniles in eggs in cysts produced from a previous generation on the same host were highest on nightshade and less on tomato and tobacco. Cysts of variable age recovered from field soil had increased hatch in both root exudates or water compared to recently produced cysts from plants in growth chambers. Globodera t. tabacum may be subject to both host and environmentally mediated diapause. Key words: hatch stimulation, Nicotiana tabacum, Lycopersicon esculentum, nematode, root exudates, Solanum nigrum, tobacco cyst nematode. The tobacco cyst nematode, Globodera experiments. G. t. tabacum, however, can tabacum tabacum (Lownsbery and Lowns- persist in soil for many years in the absence bery) Behrens, is an important parasite of of a host (1), suggesting some form of dor- shade (9,13) and broadleaf (11) tobacco in mancy with survival value.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Root-Knot Nematodes in Moroccan Olive Nurseries and Orchards
    Aït Hamza et al. BMC Ecol (2017) 17:41 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-017-0153-9 BMC Ecology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Diversity of root‑knot nematodes in Moroccan olive nurseries and orchards: does Meloidogyne javanica disperse according to invasion processes? Mohamed Aït Hamza1,2* , Nadine Ali2,3, Johannes Tavoillot2, Odile Fossati‑Gaschignard2, Hassan Boubaker4, Abdelhamid El Mousadik1† and Thierry Mateille2† Abstract Background: Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are major pest of olive tree (Olea europaea ssp. europaea), especially in nurseries and high-density orchards. Soil samples were collected from main olive growing areas of Morocco, to char‑ acterize Meloidogyne species and to discuss the contribution of biotic and abiotic factors in their spatial distribution. Results: RKN were found in 159 soil samples out of 305 from nurseries (52.1% occurrence) and in 11 out of 49 soil samples from orchards (23.2% occurrence). Biochemical and molecular characterisation (PAGE esterase and SCAR) revealed the dominance of M. javanica both in nurseries and orchards with minor presence of M. incognita only in nurseries, and M. arenaria in only one nursery. RKN were distributed on aggregated basis. Frequent presence of M. javanica in orchards might have come from nurseries. In contrast, the detection of M. incognita in nurseries alone sug‑ gests that this species could not reproduce in orchards because of either the competition with other plant-parasitic nematodes or unft local habitats. The impact of environmental variables (climate, habitat origin and physicochemical characteristics of the substrates) on the distribution of Meloidogyne species is also discussed. Conclusion: Olive nurseries in Morocco are not able to guarantee the safety of rooted plants.
    [Show full text]
  • PM 7/40 (4) Globodera Rostochiensis and Globodera Pallida
    Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin (2017) 47 (2), 174–197 ISSN 0250-8052. DOI: 10.1111/epp.12391 European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Organisation Europe´enne et Me´diterrane´enne pour la Protection des Plantes PM 7/40 (4) Diagnostics Diagnostic PM 7/40 (4) Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida Specific scope Specific approval and amendment This Standard describes a diagnostic protocol for Approved as an EPPO Standard in 2003-09. Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida.1 Revisions approved in 2009-09, 2012-09 and 2017-02. Terms used are those in the EPPO Pictorial Glossary of Morphological Terms in Nematology.2 This Standard should be used in conjunction with PM 7/ 76 Use of EPPO diagnostic protocols. of imported material for potential quarantine or damaging 1. Introduction nematodes or new infestations, identification by morpholog- Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida (potato cyst ical methods performed by experienced nematologists is nematodes, PCNs) cause major losses in Solanum more suitable (PM 7/76 Use of EPPO diagnostic tuberosum (potato) crops (van Riel & Mulder, 1998). The protocols). infective second-stage juveniles only move a maximum of A flow diagram describing the diagnostic procedure for about 1 m in the soil. Most movement to new localities is G. rostochiensis and G. pallida is presented in Fig. 1. by passive transport. The main routes of spread are infested seed potatoes and movement of soil (e.g. on farm machin- 2. Identity ery) from infested land to other areas. Infestation occurs when the second-stage juvenile hatches from the egg and Name: Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923), enters the root near the growing tip by puncturing the epi- Skarbilovich, 1959.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/24/2021 11:38:23AM Via Free Access 228 Lax Et Al
    Contributions to Zoology, 83 (4) 227-243 (2014) Morphology and DNA sequence data reveal the presence of Globodera ellingtonae in the Andean region Paola Lax1, 5, Juan C. Rondan Dueñas2, Javier Franco-Ponce3, Cristina N. Gardenal4, Marcelo E. Doucet1 1 Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) and Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Rondeau 798, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina 2 Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Pabellón CEPROCOR, Santa María de Punilla, X5164 Córdoba, Argentina 3 PROINPA Foundation, Av. Meneces, Km 4, El Paso, Cochabamba, Bolivia 4 Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Natu- rales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina 5 E-mail: [email protected] Key words: Andean potato, Argentina, diagnosis, Hsp90 gene, morphology, potato cyst nematode Abstract Results ............................................................................................. 231 Morphological data ............................................................... 231 Potato cyst nematodes, G. rostochiensis and G. pallida, are the Host-plant relationship ........................................................ 232 most economically important nematode pests of potatoes world- Molecular analysis ................................................................ 232 wide and are subject to strict quarantine regulations in many Discussion .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Plant–Nematode Interactions Valerie M Williamson and Cynthia a Gleason
    1 Plant–nematode interactions Valerie M Williamsonà and Cynthia A Gleason Root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes are obligate, Cyst nematodes enter roots and move to the vascular biotrophic pathogens of numerous plant species. These cylinder, piercing cell walls with their stylets and dis- organisms cause dramatic changes in the morphology and rupting cells as they go [3]. Upon reaching the vascular physiology of their hosts. The molecular characterization of cylinder, they establish a feeding site, apparently by inject- induced plant genes has provided insight into the plant ing stylet secretions. The formation of a feeding site is processes that are usurped by nematodes as they establish their characterized by the breakdown of the cell walls between specialized feeding cells. Recently, several gene products have the initial feeding site cell and its neighboring cells, been identified that are secreted by the nematode during resulting in the development of a multinucleate syncytium parasitism. The corresponding genes have strong similarity to [4]. Cyst nematodes undergo three molts inside the root microbial genes or to genes that are found in nematodes that before becoming adults. They generally reproduce sexu- parasitize animals. New information on host resistance genes ally, and once fertilized, the female becomes full of eggs. and nematode virulence genes provides additional insight After the female dies, its body becomes a protective cyst for into this complex interaction. the eggs. Addresses In contrast to the cyst nematode, the juvenile of the root- ÃDepartment of Nematology, One Shields Avenue, knot nematode moves intercellularly after penetrating University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA the root, migrating down the plant cortex towards the e-mail: [email protected] root tip.
    [Show full text]
  • Resistance Based Integrated Pest Management Strategy for Globodera Rostochiensis and Globodera Pallida in Potato Cropping Systems
    Resistance Based Integrated Pest Management Strategy for Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida in Potato Cropping Systems Dissertation Zur Erlangung des Akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Agrarwissenschaften (Dr. agr.) Eingereicht am Fachbereich Ökologische Agrarwissenschaften der Universität Kassel Von James Maina Mwangi Witzenhausen, October 2019 Mwangi, J.M. (2019). Resistance based integrated pest management strategy for Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida in potato cropping systems. PhD Thesis, University of Kassel. doi:10.17170/kobra-20191212863 Defence date: 9th December 2019 Place: University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany. Supervisors: 1. Prof. Dr. Maria R. Finckh, Department of Ecological Protection, University of Kassel, Germany. 2. Dr. Sebastian Kiewnick, Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Germany. II Table of Content Table of Contents List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ...................................................................................... VII List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. IX List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. XII Chapter 1: General Introduction .............................................................................................. 13 1.1 Introduction to Potato Cyst Nematodes
    [Show full text]
  • Intraspecific Variability Within Globodera Tabacum Solanacearum and Selection for Virulence Against Flue-Cured Tobacco
    Intraspecific Variability within Globodera tabacum solanacearum and Selection for Virulence Against Flue-Cured Tobacco by Aaron James Syracuse Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science Approved: ______________________________ ______________________________ Dr. Charles S. Johnson, Co-chairman Dr. Jonathan D. Eisenback, Co-chairman ______________________________ ______________________________ Dr. Craig L. Nessler, Department Head Dr. Carol A. Wilkinson October, 2002 Blacksburg, Virginia Key Words: Globodera tabacum solanacearum, Tobacco Cyst Nematode, RAPD, Virulence Intraspecific Variability within Globodera tabacum solanacearum and Selection for Virulence against Flue-Cured Tobacco by Aaron James Syracuse C. S. Johnson and J. D. Eisenback, Co-chairmen Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science (ABSTRACT) The tobacco cyst nematode (TCN), Globodera tabacum solanacearum [(Miller and Gray, 1972) Behrens 1975] Stone 1983, is one of the most economically important pests of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in Virginia. Although TCN has been reported from other countries, the geographical distribution of G. t. solanacearum within the United States is limited to Virginia, North Carolina, and one county in Maryland. Approximately 30% of the tobacco acreage in Virginia is infested; average yield reduction is 15%, but complete crop failure can occur. The objectives of this research were to examine intraspecific variability within G. t. solanacearum and to evaluate the relative adaptability of G. t. solanacearum on a resistant (NC567) and a susceptible (K326) flue-cured tobacco cultivar. Nineteen geographic isolates of G. t. solanacearum, one isolate each of G. t. virginiae and the Mexican cyst nematode (G.
    [Show full text]
  • Nematodes of Agricultural Importance in North and South Carolina
    Chapter 10 Nematodes of Agricultural Importance in North and South Carolina Weimin Ye 10.1 Introduction North Carolina’s agricultural industry including food, fiber, ornamentals and for- estry, contributes $84 billion to the state’s annual economy, accounts for more than 17% of the state’s income, and employs 17% of the work force. North Carolina is one of the most diversified agricultural states in the nation. Approximately, 50,000 farmers grow over 80 different commodities in North Carolina utilizing 8.2 million of the state 12.5 million hectares to furnish consumers a dependable and affordable supply of food and fiber. North Carolina produces more tobacco and sweet potatoes than any other state, ranks second in Christmas tree and third in tomato production. The state ranks nineth nationally in farm cash receipts of over $10.8 billion (NCDA Agricultural Statistics 2017). Plant parasitic nematodes are recognized as one of the greatest threat to crops throughout the world. Nematodes alone or in combination with other soil microor- ganisms have been found to attack almost every part of the plant including roots, stems, leaves, fruits and seeds. Crop damage caused worldwide by plant nematodes has been estimated at $US80 billion per year (Nicol et al. 2011). All crops are dam- aged by at least one species of nematode. Most plant parasitic nematodes live in soil and damage plants by feeding in large numbers on roots impairing the plant’s ability to take up water and nutrients. Severe root damage caused by nematodes typically results in aboveground symptoms that may include stunting, yellowing of leaves, incipient wilt, loss of plant vigor and/or an overall general decline in plant perfor- mance.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy, Morphological and Molecular Identification of The
    plants Review Taxonomy, Morphological and Molecular Identification of the Potato Cyst Nematodes, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis John Wainer * and Quang Dinh Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The scope of this paper is limited to the taxonomy, detection, and reliable morphological and molecular identification of the potato cyst nematodes (PCN) Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis. It describes the nomenclature, hosts, life cycle, pathotypes, and symptoms of the two species. It also provides detailed instructions for soil sampling and extraction of cysts from soil. The primary focus of the paper is the presentation of accurate and effective methods to identify the two principal PCN species. Keywords: PCN; potato cyst nematode; Globodera; taxonomy; detection; morphology; molecular identification; PCR 1. Introduction Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are damaging soilborne quarantine pests of potato and other solanaceous crops worldwide [1,2]. The two most damaging species, G. pallida (Stone, 1973) Behrens, 1975, the pale or white cyst nematode, and G. rostochiensis (Wollenweber, Citation: Wainer, J.; Dinh, Q. 1923) Behrens, 1975, the golden cyst nematode, have proved to be highly adaptive at Taxonomy, Morphological and exploiting new environments, being passively transported, undetected across borders, in Molecular Identification of the Potato intimate association with tubers of their major host, the potato. Globodera species feeding on Cyst Nematodes, Globodera pallida potato also include G. ellingtonae, restricted to Chile, Argentina, and two states in northwest and G. rostochiensis. Plants 2021, 10, USA [3–5] and G. leptonepia (Cobb and Taylor, 1953) Skarbilovich, 1959 found only once in 184.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts of Papers, Posters and Films Presented at the Second International Nematology Congress, Veldhoven, the Netherlands, 11-17 August, 1990
    ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS, POSTERS AND FILMS PRESENTED AT THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL NEMATOLOGY CONGRESS, VELDHOVEN, THE NETHERLANDS, 11-17 AUGUST, 1990. ABADP., QUILES,C., ABADON,M., CASTAGNONE-SERENOP. & DALMASSO,A. Distributionand conservationof mobileelements in nematodes. Little is known about the origin of transmission, and evolution of mobile elements within the Nematoda. To improve understanding of the evolutionary history of these mobile elements, we examined the distribution of homologues to transposable elements from Caenorhabditiselegans (Tcl to Tc5) in 24 nematode species belonging to different orders. Probes specific for each ele- ment were prepared and hybridized to genomic DNA. Filters were washed under conditions of increasing stringency to estimate the degree of similarity between C. eleganstransposons and their homologues present in other species. Our results show that these transposable elements are restricted to the genus Rhabditis. The Tcl element homologues were only observed in the subgenera Caenorhabditisand Pelodera.The Tc2 element homologues were only found in C. elegans and in the subgenus Teratorhabditis.The Tc3 element homologues seem to be widespread in many members of the genus Rhabditis while Tc4 and Tc5 homologues showed the most limited distribution of all elements tested, being strictly limited to the C. elegansspecies. Stationde Recher- chede Nbnatologieet de GenetigueMoleculaire des lnvertébrés,INRA, B. P. 2078, 06606 Antibes,France. ABAD,P., TARES,S., BRUGUIERN. & DE GUIRANG. RepetitiveDNA and hybridizationpatterns for the differentiationof isolatesof the pinewoodnematode species complex. Pine wilt is the most serious disease of native pines in Japan and potentially the most impor- tant nematode disease of conifers in the world. The pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchusxylophilus was found to be the causal agent.
    [Show full text]