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Here Referred to As Class 18A (See Hyman 1980:187)
WS1 Remarks on the nasal classes in Mungbam and Naki Mungbam and Naki are two non-Grassfields Bantoid languages spoken along the northwest frontier of the Grassfields area to the north of the Ring languages. Until recently, they were poorly described, but new data reveals them to show significant nasal noun class patterns, some of which do not appear to have been previously noted for Bantoid. The key patterns are: 1. Like many other languages of their region (see Good et al. 2011), they make productive use of a mysterious diminutive plural prefix with a form like mu-, with associated concords in m, here referred to as Class 18a (see Hyman 1980:187). 2. The five dialects of Mungbam show a level of variation in their nasal classes that one might normally expect of distinct languages. a. Two dialects show no evidence for nasals in Class 6. Two other dialects, Munken and Ngun, show a Class 6 prefix on nouns of form a- but nasal concords. In Munken Class 6, this nasal is n, clearly distinct from an m associated with 6a; in Ngun, both 6 and 6a are associated with m concords. The Abar dialect shows a different pattern, with Class 6 nasal concords in m and nasal prefixes on some Class 6 nouns. b. The Abar, Biya, and Ngun dialects show a Class 18a prefix with form mN-, rather than the more regionally common mu-. This reduction is presumably connected to perseveratory nasalization attested throughout the languages of the region with a diachronic pathway along the lines of mu- > mũ- > mN- perhaps providing a partial example for the development of Bantu Class 9/10. -
Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa
Quickworld Entity Report Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa Quickworld Factoid Name : Central Africa Status : Region of Africa Land Area : 7,215,000 sq km - 2,786,000 sq mi Political Entities Sovereign Countries (19) Angola Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo (DR) Congo (Republic) Equatorial Guinea Gabon Libya Malawi Niger Nigeria Rwanda South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Uganda Zambia International Organizations Worldwide Organizations (3) Commonwealth of Nations La Francophonie United Nations Organization Continental Organizations (1) African Union Conflicts and Disputes Internal Conflicts and Secessions (1) Lybian Civil War Territorial Disputes (1) Sudan-South Sudan Border Disputes Languages Language Families (9) Bihari languages Central Sudanic languages Chadic languages English-based creoles and pidgins French-based creoles and pidgins Manobo languages Portuguese-based creoles and pidgins Prakrit languages Songhai languages © 2019 Quickworld Inc. Page 1 of 7 Quickworld Inc assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions in the content of this document. The information contained in this document is provided on an "as is" basis with no guarantees of completeness, accuracy, usefulness or timeliness. Quickworld Entity Report Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa Languages (485) Abar Acoli Adhola Aghem Ajumbu Aka Aka Akoose Akum Akwa Alur Amba language Ambele Amdang Áncá Assangori Atong language Awing Baali Babango Babanki Bada Bafaw-Balong Bafia Bakaka Bakoko Bakole Bala Balo Baloi Bambili-Bambui Bamukumbit -
Classification of Bantu Languages by Malcolm Guthrie Pdf
Classification of bantu languages by malcolm guthrie pdf Continue Linguistic classification BantuNarrow BantuGeographicdistributionAfrica, from approximately equator southern linguistics classificationNiger-CongoAtlantisk-CongoBenue-CongoSudder BantoidBantuSubdivisions Zones A-S (geographical) Glottoologistnarr1281[1]The approximate locations of the sixteen Guthrie Bantu zones, including the addition of a zone J The approximately 250 Narrow Bantu languages are conventionally divided into geographical zones, as Malcolm Guthrie first proposed (1967-1971). [2] These were assigned letters A-S and divided into decades (groups A10, A20, etc.); individual languages were assigned unit numbers (A11, A12, etc.) and dialects were further divided (A11a, A11b, etc.). This encoding system has become the standard for identifying Bantu languages. It was the only practical way to distinguish many ambiguously named languages before the introduction of ISO 639-3 coding, and it continues to be widely used. Only Guthrie's Zone S is considered (sometimes) to be a genealogical group. Since guthrie's time, a zone J (made of languages previously classified in groups D and E) has been created as another possible genealogical group bordering the Great Lakes. The list is first summarized, with links to articles about accepted groups of Bantu language (bold decade headlines). Then the complete 1948[3] list, updated by Guthrie in 1971 and by J. F. Maho in 2009. Summary The list below reflects Guthrie as updated by Maho (2009). Not included in details is the northeastern Bantu language characterized by Dahl's Law, which is believed to be a genealogical group, cuts across the Guthrie system and is covered in northeastern Bantu. Other groups with dedicated articles, such as Southern Bantu (Zone S) are also only summarized here, so that the original listing is only a summary and an index for other articles. -
Zoonimia Histórico-Comparativa Bantu
SÉRIE DE E-BOOKS & E-DOCUMENTOS ZOONIMIA HISTÓRICO-COMPARATIVA BANTU : Os Cinco Grandes Herbívoros Africanos JOANE DE LIMA SANTIAGO 2013 - número 5 Revista Eletrônica Língua Viva , Site: http://www.revistalinguaviva.unir.br . E-mail: [email protected] 1 EDITORES Jean-Pierre Angenot, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brasil Dante Ribeiro da Fonseca, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brasil Luciano Leal da Costa Lima, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brasil EDITOR DE SEÇÃO E DO LAYOUT Luciano Leal da Costa Lima, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brasil DIRETOR GERAL Jean-Pierre Angenot, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brasil PRESIDENTE DO CONSELHO EDITORIAL Geralda de Lima Vitor Angenot, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brasil CONSELHO EDITORIAL Angel Humberto Corbera Mori, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil Carlos Filipe Guimarães Figueiredo, Universidade de Macau, China Catherine Barbara Kempf, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brasil Daniel Mutombo Huta-Mukana, Centro de Estudo de Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada, Kinshasa, R. D. Congo Daniele Marcelle Grannier, Universidade Federal de Brasília, Brasil Dante Ribeiro da Fonseca, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brasil Francesc Queixalós, ESCoM-FMSH, Paris, França Geralda de Lima Vitor Angenot, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brasil Jacky Maniacky, Museu Real da África Central, Tervuren, Bélgica Jean-Pierre Angenot, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brasil Lucy Seki, Universidade -
Aspects of Multilingualism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo!
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositorio da Universidade da Coruña Aspects of Multilingualism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo! Helena Lopez Palma [email protected] Abstract The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a multilingual country where 214 native languages (Ethnologue) are spoken among circa 68 million inhabitants (2008). The situations derived from the practice of a multilingual mode of communication have had important linguistic effects on the languages in contact. Those have been particularly crucial in the rural areas, where the relations between the individual speakers of different micro linguistic groups have contributed to varied degrees of modification of the grammatical code of the languages. The contact that resulted from migratory movements could also explain why some linguistic features (i.e. logophoricity, Güldemann 2003) are shared by genetically diverse languages spoken across a large macro-area. The coexistence of such a large number of languages in the DRC has important cultural, economical, sanitary and political effects on the life of the Congolese people, who could be crucially affected by the decisions on language policy taken by the Administration. Keywords: Multilingualism, languages in contact, Central-Sudanic, Adamawa-Ubangian, Bantoid, language policy 1. Introduction This paper addresses the multilingual situation currently found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The word ‘multilingualism’ may be used to refer to the linguistic skill of any individual who is able to use with equal competency various different languages in some interlinguistic communicative situation. It may also be used to refer to the linguistic situation of a country where several different languages coexist. -
LCSH Section O
O, Inspector (Fictitious character) O-erh-kʾun Ho (Mongolia) O-wee-kay-no Indians USE Inspector O (Fictitious character) USE Orhon River (Mongolia) USE Oowekeeno Indians O,O-dimethyl S-phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate O-erh-kʾun River (Mongolia) O-wen-kʻo (Tribe) USE Phosmet USE Orhon River (Mongolia) USE Evenki (Asian people) O., Ophelia (Fictitious character) O-erh-to-ssu Basin (China) O-wen-kʻo language USE Ophelia O. (Fictitious character) USE Ordos Desert (China) USE Evenki language O/100 (Bomber) O-erh-to-ssu Desert (China) Ō-yama (Kanagawa-ken, Japan) USE Handley Page Type O (Bomber) USE Ordos Desert (China) USE Ōyama (Kanagawa-ken, Japan) O/400 (Bomber) O family (Not Subd Geog) O2 Arena (London, England) USE Handley Page Type O (Bomber) Ó Flannabhra family UF North Greenwich Arena (London, England) O and M instructors USE Flannery family BT Arenas—England USE Orientation and mobility instructors O.H. Ivie Reservoir (Tex.) O2 Ranch (Tex.) Ó Briain family UF Ivie Reservoir (Tex.) BT Ranches—Texas USE O'Brien family Stacy Reservoir (Tex.) OA (Disease) Ó Broin family BT Reservoirs—Texas USE Osteoarthritis USE Burns family O Hine Hukatere (N.Z.) OA-14 (Amphibian plane) O.C. Fisher Dam (Tex.) USE Franz Josef Glacier/Kā Roimata o Hine USE Grumman Widgeon (Amphibian plane) BT Dams—Texas Hukatere (N.Z.) Oa language O.C. Fisher Lake (Tex.) O-kee-pa (Religious ceremony) USE Pamoa language UF Culbertson Deal Reservoir (Tex.) BT Mandan dance Oab Luang National Park (Thailand) San Angelo Lake (Tex.) Mandan Indians—Rites and ceremonies USE ʻUtthayān hǣng Chāt ʻŌ̜p Lūang (Thailand) San Angelo Reservoir (Tex.) O.L. -
LCSH Section U
U-2 (Reconnaissance aircraft) (Not Subd Geog) U.S. 31 U.S. Cleveland Post Office Building (Punta Gorda, Fla.) [TL686.L (Manufacture)] USE United States Highway 31 UF Cleveland Post Office Building (Punta Gorda, [UG1242.R4 (Military aeronautics)] U.S. 40 Fla.) UF Lockheed U-2 (Airplane) USE United States Highway 40 BT Post office buildings—Florida BT Lockheed aircraft U.S. 41 U.S. Coast Guard Light Station (Jupiter Inlet, Fla.) Reconnaissance aircraft USE United States Highway 41 USE Jupiter Inlet Light (Fla.) U-2 (Training plane) U.S. 44 U.S. Consulate Terrorist Attack, Banghāzī, Libya, 2012 USE Polikarpov U-2 (Training plane) USE United States Highway 44 USE Benghazi Consulate Attack, Banghāzī, Libya, U-2 Incident, 1960 U.S. 50 2012 BT Military intelligence USE United States Highway 50 U.S. Department of Education Building (Washington, Military reconnaissance U.S. 51 D.C.) U-Bahn-Station Kröpcke (Hannover, Germany) USE United States Highway 51 USE Lyndon Baines Johnson Department of USE U-Bahnhof Kröpcke (Hannover, Germany) U.S. 52 Education Building (Washington, D.C.) U-Bahnhof Kröpcke (Hannover, Germany) USE United States Highway 52 U.S. Embassy Bombing, Nairobi, Kenya, 1998 UF Kröpcke, U-Bahnhof (Hannover, Germany) U.S. 54 USE United States Embassy Bombing, Nairobi, Station Kröpcke (Hannover, Germany) USE United States Highway 54 Kenya, 1998 U-Bahn-Station Kröpcke (Hannover, Germany) U.S. 58 (Va. and Tenn.) U.S. General Post Office (New York, N.Y.) BT Subway stations—Germany USE United States Highway 58 (Va. and Tenn.) USE James A. Farley Building (New York, N.Y.) U-Bahnhof Lohring (Bochum, Germany) U.S. -
Skin and Sorcery a Medico-Anthropological Study of Traditional Healing and the Conceptualization of Kisigo in Kigoma
Ghent University African Languages and Cultures Academic year of 2012-2013 Skin and Sorcery A Medico-Anthropological study of Traditional Healing and the Conceptualization of Kisigo in Kigoma Promotor: Prof. Dr. K. Stroeken Master thesis, submitted to achieve the grade of Master in the African Languages and Cultures by EVA BLEYENBERG ii Nederlandstalige Samenvatting Mijn thesis is opgebouwd volgens het verloop van mijn onderzoek. De thesis begint dan ook vanuit een brede en algemene invalshoek en werkt langzamerhand toe naar het specifieke. Het hoofdstuk volgend op de inleiding handelt over de literatuur die ik heb doorgenomen voor, tijdens en na mijn veldwerk. In een derde hoofdstuk presenteer ik mijn theoretisch kader. De methodologie en de onderzoeksvragen waarrond deze thesis zijn opgebouwd staan uitgeschreven in respectievelijk hoofdstuk vier en vijf. De resultaten van mijn onderzoek zijn weergeven in hoofdstuk zes. De thesis eindigt met ruimte voor discussie en het bespreken van een aantal probleemstellingen in hoofdstuk zeven. Deze verhandeling is gebaseerd op 27 interviews afgenomen tijdens twee maanden veldwerk in Kigoma, een havenstad in het Noordwesten van Tanzania. Door de belangrijke economische ligging en de vele migratiegolven als gevolg van verschillende onlusten in buurlanden, is Kigoma een stad waar vele culturen samenvloeien. De originele opzet van het veldwerk was dan ook om de variëteit aan traditionele genezingspraktijken die aanwezig zijn in Kigoma te onderzoeken en weer te geven. De resultaten hiervan zijn weergegeven aan de hand van uitgewerkte case studies in de eerste en tweede sectie van het zesde hoofdstuk ‘Results’. Omdat in Kigoma (en elders) traditionele genezing onlosmakelijk verbonden is met hekserij, wordt dit fenomeen ook uitgebreid besproken. -
Magyar Afrika Társaság African-Hungarian Union Ahu Magyar Afrika-Tudás Tár Ahu Hungarian Africa-Knowledge Database
MAGYAR AFRIKA TÁRSASÁG AFRICAN-HUNGARIAN UNION AHU MAGYAR AFRIKA-TUDÁS TÁR AHU HUNGARIAN AFRICA-KNOWLEDGE DATABASE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FODOR, István A bantu nyelvek / Bantu Languages Eredeti közlés /Original publication: 2007, Budapest, L’Harmattan Kiadó, 245 old. Elektronikus újraközlés/Electronic republication: AHU MAGYAR AFRIKA-TUDÁS TÁR – 000.002.506 Dátum/Date: 2017. november / november 21. filename: FODORIstvan_2007_BantuNyelvek Az elektronikus újraközlést előkészítette /The electronic republication prepared by: B. WALLNER, Erika és/and BIERNACZKY, Szilárd Hivatkozás erre a dokumentumra/Cite this document FODOR, István: Bantu nyelvek / Bantu Languages, AHU MATT, 1–250. old., No. 000.002.506, http://afrikatudastar.hu Eredeti forrás megtalálható/The original source is available: Közkönyvtárakban / In public libraries Kulcsszavak/Key words magyar Afrika-kutatás, az afrikai Bantu nyelvek kutatástörténete, leírása, osztályozása, teljes adattára African studies in Hungary, the research history, description, classification and full data of African Bantu languages -------------------------------------- 2 Fodor István AZ ELSŐ MAGYAR, SZABAD FELHASZNÁLÁSÚ, ELEKTRONIKUS, ÁGAZATI SZAKMAI KÖNYV-, TANULMÁNY-, CIKK- DOKUMENTUM- és ADAT-TÁR/THE FIRST HUNGARIAN FREE ELECTRONIC SECTORAL PROFESSIONAL DATABASE FOR BOOKS, STUDIES, COMMUNICATIONS, DOCUMENTS AND INFORMATIONS * magyar és idegen – angol, francia, német, orosz, spanyol, olasz és szükség szerint más – nyelveken készült publikációk -
Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Third Edition
HDCongoPODLITH.qxd 9/28/09 2:27 PM Page 1 KISANGANI & AFRICA HISTORY BOBB HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES OF AFRICA, NO. 112 THIRD EDITION One of Africa’s largest, most populated, and generously endowed countries, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has both dominated the surrounding region and been greatly republic democratic affected by it. The Democratic Republic of the Congo has under- of the dictionary historical gone a long period of war, and the outlook for political renewal and economic recovery is bleak. Human security is likely to of the congo of the congo remain a distant dream for many years because of the prevalence of rape and sexual violence, which is considered the worst in the world. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo reviews the nearly 48 years of independ- ence, more than a century of colonial rule, and earlier kingdoms and groups that shared the territory. It contains a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and more than 800 cross- referenced entries on civil wars, mutinies, notable people, historical dictionary of the places, events, and cultural practices. democratic republic Emizet François Kisangani is professor in the Department of Political Science at Kansas State University in Manhattan. of the congo F. Scott Bobb is a journalist who has been reporting on and writing about the Democratic Republic of the Congo since the mid-1970s. He is serving as a Voice of America correspondent in Southern Africa. THIRD EDITION For orders and information please contact the publisher SCARECROW PRESS, INC. A wholly owned subsidiary of EMIZET FRANCOIS¸ KISANGANI The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. -
Verb-Object-Negative Order in Central Africa
Verb-Object-Negative Order in Central Africa Matthew S. Dryer University at Buffalo To appear in Negation in West Africa edited by Norbert Cyffer Verb‐Object‐Negative Order in Central Africa 1 Verb‐Object‐Negative Order in Central Africa1 Matthew S. Dryer 1. Introduction The goal of this paper is to document a typological phenomenon that is common in an area in central Africa but quite infrequent elsewhere in the world, and to propose that this is a candidate for an areal phenome‐ non, since the languages exhibiting the property in question are distrib‐ uted over branches of three different families, Niger‐Congo, Nilo‐ Saharan, and Afro‐Asiatic (though only in the Chadic branch). The phe‐ nomenon in question involves the position of negative words in VO lan‐ guages, in particular, the placement of the negative after both the verb and object, usually at the end of the clause, as in the Gbaya Kaka example in (1) from Gbaya Kaka. (1) Gbaya Kaka (Adamawa‐Ubangi, Niger‐Congo; Cameroon, CAR): SVONeg mi-zɔk wi ndɔng na 1SG‐see person that NEG 'I do not see those people' (Tucker & Bryan 1966: 101) Crosslinguistically, the most common position for negative words in VO languages is before the verb, usually immediately before the verb, as in the example in (2) from Koromfe. (2) Koromfe (Gur, Niger‐Congo; Burkina Faso, Mali): SNegVO a vaga koŋ ba bɛnɛ ART dog.SG DET.NONHUMAN.SG NEG come.PAST 'the dog did not come' (Rennison 1997: 98) 1 Part of the research for this paper was made possible by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Grants 410‐810949, 410‐830354, and 410‐850540 and by Na‐ tional Science Foundation Research Grant BNS‐9011190.