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nunavik kNF4 01.01 n6rt5yst4 yK9oÙ6: kNK5, yKi5nK5 Premiere Issue: Our land, our future L’Édition première : Notre terre, notre futur si4Ïq5 Table of Contents Tables des matières Events leading to the Événements menant à èu+ Ñ fÑ2 James Bay and Northern la Convention de la Baie James b3Czil xqctŒ8i6 Quebec Agreement (JBNQA) et du Nord québécois (CBJNQ) ãi3bsicMs3tNA kN[7u W?9oxi[î5 . .03 An Historical Overview . .03 Aperçu historique . .03 Events that took place after Événements survenus après W?9oxisymJ5 èu+ Ñ the signing of the JBNQA la signature de la CBJNQ fÑ b3Czil xqctŒ8i6 The James Bay and Convention de la Baie James xgo3tbsymo3tlA èu+ Ñ fÑ b3Czil Northern Quebec Agreement . .05 et du Nord québécois . .05 . .07 xqctŒ8i6 A new round Nouvelle ronde N7ui3§tos3ij5 of negotiations . .06 de négociations . .06 . .08 xqctŒZhx3î5 The Nunavik Approche de la v?m5nc3ij5 Commission Approach . .08 Commission du Nunavik . .08 . .09 X3âtc3i6 The Negotiators Les négociateurs Daniel Bienvenue . .10 Daniel Bienvenue . .10 xqctŒZhx3†5 bix9 Wx8[k . .10 Donat Savoie . .11 Donat Savoie . .11 gˆ nKx . .11 Minnie Grey . .14 Minnie Grey . .14 ui fº . .14 Harry Tulugak . .16 Harry Tulugak . .16 ÿxp glZ6 . .16 Maggie Emudluk . .18 Maggie Emudluk . .18 µr wm3M4 . .18 É¡ g1zh5yxE5 Ì4fiz xgx3ylt5 gnC5ni4 Welcome to the first edition of this Nous vous souhaitons la bienvenue à xqctŒZhx3ii4 kN[7u N7ui3§tosi3j5 newsletter on the negotiations toward cette première édition de notre bulletin si4Ïgi4. x3ÇAbµ5 ybm[9lt4 Ì4fx a Nunavik Government! It is hoped d’informations portant sur les négociations n6rc5bMzJw5 wkoµi4 v?mil that this newsletter, which will appear vers un gouvernement autonome au WNhx3gi4 gn4ÜAtslt4 xqctŒ8is2 as a quarterly publication, will serve Nunavik. Nous espérons que ce bulletin W?9oxizi4, v?mgc4f5 fÑ9l v?mzb to inform the public and the various qui sera publié à tous les trimestres, mr{[fl xqctŒZhx3iq8i. b{?i government departments of the servira à informer le public ainsi que les si4Ïi wkw5 kN[7u N7ui3hAmizb negotiations process between the différents services gouvernementaux W?9oxi[iz #)i srsi si4Ïbs6ÏMzJ6 Government of Canada, Government concernant les démarches des négocia- WNhxctc3ht4 v?µ8i4. xgxZ5ns˜3uJi of Quebec, and Makivik Corporation. tions entre le Gouvernement du Canada, gzoxi gn˜3uJA5 g1z[5nos3is2 This first edition, as an introduction, le Gouvernement du Québec et la xqctŒ8ij5 xqctŒAtu4, begins with the history of the efforts société Makivik. Cette première édition xqctŒZhx3ti9l gn3tbs7ulb. that have been made over the past résume en quelque sorte toutes les 30 years by the Northern Quebec démarches qui ont été entreprises par scsy5ncD[5 xW3§ti¬8î5 Inuit and the two governments. In les Inuit du Nord du Québec ainsi que sçM5Öo1qMt5 sKz: the next edition we will expect to read par les gouvernements depuis les 30 Lisa Koperqualuk, more about the signed Negotiations dernières années. Dans la prochaine Makivik Corporation, Framework Agreement for Nunavik publication, nous élaborerons davantage 3rd floor, 1111 Dr. Frederik-Philips, and from the negotiators themselves. sur l’Entente-cadre de négociation St. Laurent, QC H4M 2X6 du Nunavik signée en juin 2003 et email: [email protected] Please forward your comments présenterons un mot des négociateurs and/or questions to: eux-mêmes. Lisa Koperqualuk, Makivik Corporation, S’il-vous-plaît, faites parvenir tout 3rd floor, 1111 Dr. Frederik-Philips, commentaire et/ou question à : St. Laurent, QC H4M 2X6 Lisa Koperqualuk, email: [email protected] Société Makivik, 3e étage, 1111, boul. Dr.-Frederik-Philips, Saint-Laurent (PQ) H4M 2X6 couriél : [email protected] 30 nunavik kNF4 èu+ Ñ fÑ2 b3Czil xqctŒ8i6 ãi3bsicMs3tNA kN[7u Events leading to the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA) Événements menant à la Convention de la Baie James et du Nord québécois (CBJNQ) W?9oxi[î5 An Historical Overview Aperçu historique The struggle for self-government La lutte pour l’autonomie politique N7ui3hDmiz wkw5 kN[7us5 WQx- by the Inuit of Nunavik traces its par les Inuit du Nunavik remonte aux Dtc3XoxymK6 c9lˆ5 tr9oÖ8NX5tlQ5 origins to the first visits to the premières visites de la région par les kN[7j5. region by Europeans. Européens. Ö5hmi tr§QoÖ8Nt9lQ5 c9lˆ5 At the time, Inuit were clearly a À ce moment-là, il était clair que wkw5 N7ui3hyxMs3ymK5, kNu5 W5ni4 self-governing society, and they were les Inuit étaient autonomes et qu’ils wªy3ui9l s9lbµ3ystui whà8Nes- in control of their resources, their contrôlaient leurs ressources, leur vie tc3ht4 wªy3u4 xgAm/ui4 vJy5yxg- day-to-day lives, and their destiny. quotidienne et leur destinée. Toutefois, w8Nht4. ryxio c9lˆ tr5g5 kNÌ3- However, unbeknownst to them, à leur insu, les explorateurs européens iC3Xt9lQ5 r=Zg3ht4 xzJ6ÏJxui4 the European explorers were laying revendiquaient, au nom du roi d’Angle- w1vM8tu. bm8N kN x5y/sMs3ymK6 claim to their land and vast tracks terre, des droits sur leurs terres ainsi <sJS05 kNz<, xsMbs5hi v7Xi4fk5. of what is now Canada on behalf of que sur de vastes étendues de ce qui xfiso3um5 bm8N kN WÌE/sixo3uZu the King of England. This territory est maintenant le Canada. Ce territoire kN7mE1aCÌj5 vNbj5, x5y/sy5hi became known as Rupert's Land, prit le nom de Terre de Rupert, dont le <kN5yx6<u4. hol x3ÇAw5 xuhw5 ˆ7umb the control of which was handed contrôle fut cédé à la Compagnie de kNQ/K5 s9lu x5yym/K5 <kN[4<u4 !(!@ over to the Hudson's Bay Company. la Baie d’Hudson. Plusieurs années plus wMQxDtj5 Wd/tA5 wo/sMs3ymQK6 Many years later, much of this tard, la majeure partie de cette région fÑ7j5. area was transferred to the newly fut transférée au Dominion du Canada Ömo kN[s2 xsMbsiz xy0pq8- constituted Dominion of Canada, nouvellement constitué et prit le nom NX5tlA wkw5 kN[7us5 ck3¬8î5 and became known as the North- de Territoires du Nord-Ouest. Après scst/s?ym1qM5 xWE/sMs3ymZtl west Territories. A few more decades quelques décennies, la région connue ck6 whmQ/c3m¯b kNub xsMbs- 02 03 passed and the area that is now maintenant sous le nom de Nunavik known as Nunavik was added to fut ajoutée à la province de Québec the Province of Quebec in what is en vertu de l’Extensions Act de 1912. known as the 1912 Extensions Act. Tout au long de tels changements Throughout such jurisdictional juridictionnels, les Inuit du Nunavik changes the Inuit of Nunavik were ne furent pas informés ou consultés not informed or consulted about au sujet du statut de leur territoire, the status of their territory, though bien qu’ils demeuraient une société they remained a self-governing autonome avec plein contrôle sur les society with full control over the décisions touchant leur vie. decisions affecting their lives. Mais tout cela changea dans les All this changed in the years années suivant la Deuxième Guerre izb u5ñk5. ho Ö5hmi N7ui3hq8- following World War II when the mondiale lorsque le gouvernement NClx3ht4 grÌDtsQxo8i whà8Nest- federal government made a con- fédéral fit un effort concerté pour c3ht4 wª5Jy3uA5. cerned effort to organize Inuit into regrouper les Inuit dans des collectiv- N7ui3hizo h3CbsyMs3ymK6 sNb3- communities and to exercise its ités et exercer son autorité dans le iJx2 g1zoz xiAZlx3tlA. v?mgc4f5 authority in the North. This initiated Nord. Ces décisions furent à la source k9MÜZhxyt9lQ5 kNo8îÜy5ht4 wk8i4 a process which steadily usurped d’un processus qui usurpait progressive- xsM5yQx7mEy5htl wkw5 wªyq8i4. Inuit their independence and ability ment l’indépendance des Inuit et leur bm8N N7ui3hiq8i4 WJ8Niq8i4 wkw5 to function as a self-governing capacité de fonctionner en tant que „3y?9oxAtsymK6. N7ui3hD8Niz5 ho society. The scope of this process société autonome. L’étendue de ce „3bsoMs3ymQK6 fÑ v?mz kN[7u was further expanded in the 1960's processus se poursuivit encore plus dans xsM5yy7um5 !(^)5 srsq8i WNhxy5hi when the Government of Quebec les années 1960 lorsque le gouvernement xsM5yi3u4 kN[7u4. established its presence in Nunavik du Québec établit sa présence au bm4fx W?9oxJ[ist9lQ5 wkw5 and proceeded to exercise its powers Nunavik pour y exercer ses pouvoirs N7ui3hA8Ni3ui4 x3ñb[isymK5 bmgu- and jurisdiction in the territory. et sa compétence. zl w2WQ/c3ifuk5 N7ui3hi3u4 tAy- As a result of these developments, Ces développements entraînèrent Qx4viDmymK5, grÌE?8iu4 xsM5yi3u4 Inuit had lost much of their ability la perte quasi-totale de la capacité des wª5Jy3ui4. WQx3[ostcMs3ymK5 to function as a self-governing Inuit de fonctionner comme société kw5y?9oxAtcChx3ht4 N7ui3hAmi3u4 society, and being conscious of this autonome. Conscients de cet état de wMŒn4ftA5. ryxio gryMs3ymK5 wkw5 it was obvious to them that the fait, il leur devenait évident que le wµ Wix3ioEitA5 N7ui3his2 time had come to take control of moment était venu de prendre en mains kwt?9oxZhQxz Wsi3nsZ/3tlA, their destiny, and reassert them- leur destinée et de réaffirmer leurs droits Öà7m5 wkw5 vg0pctŒ8iz fÑ b3Czi selves as a self-governing society. à une société autonome. Ils tentèrent n6rymK6. At first they attempted to voice their tout d’abord de faire entendre leurs wkw5 vg0pctŒ8iui4 x6ftc3lt4 concerns and work towards their préoccupations et d’atteindre leur xqctŒ8iosDmymK5 v?µ8i5 xq- objective through the Federation of objectif par le biais de la Fédération ctŒZhxctc3lt4 kw5yZ/3gu4 kN- Cooperatives. However, in the early des coopératives. Toutefois au début [7us2 N7ui3h[QZ/3bzi4 x7ml r=Zg3t- 1970's, the Inuit of Nunavik realized des années 1970, les Inuit du Nunavik cD8NyAm5ht4 fÑ2 vNbs9l sc3[mEQ8i. that they needed an organization réalisèrent qu’ils devaient avoir une wkw5 vg0pctŒ8iuA5 xqctŒ8- with a broader political mandate: the organisation dotée d’un mandat inu4 X3Nw?9oxoClx3tlQ5 fÑ4 gn3ty- Northern Quebec Inuit Association politique plus étendu : l’Association des oMs3ymQK6 wfmstosDt5nuk5 ƒ7u4 was born. Inuit du Nouveau-Québec était née. yu5gwiEy/ui4 èu+ Ñu.
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    sW3¯6 @))^ • eu3Dx5 ry5Jtø5 &&-u4 SUMMER 2006 • ISSUE 77 sux3Jxu WNhMs1qi3ui WQs3n/sJ5 wcl8ixC/3g5 Pre-sea Training for Fishing Industry Candidates « kN[7u w3cgw[oEi3k5 vt1zº5 « v?m4f5 W?9odtÌ3tyAtq5 gryt5yAtsJ5 « x2Xs2 m8iq8i4 m8ib3g5 wKp[s2 nixi …xyq9l xuh5 • Nunavik Justice Committees • Government Benefits Explained • Collecting Murre Eggs near Ivujivik …and much more WA5pJ5 kN[s2 wkq8i4 Serving the Inuit of Nunavik Ì4fNi s9li / This Season vNbs2 v?mz gn3ty§aZlx3tlA wk8i4 WA5pAtc3iui4 nS7uAtc3iui9l, ryxi gryt5yAtq5 wk5t©§a1qg5. kN[7u vNbs2 mr[4 fxS‰n8 v?mz n3e÷Cb1qm5 wk8i4 gn3tyZhx3dA5 W5JIsAti4 xgw8NsJc3izi4, mr[4 kNogò5 tudtQ?z5 toIsAtc3ym5hi r=Zg3ixt9lA yKjx5ty?9oxlil wkw5 WAmIq8i4 kN[7u. wMsJdtgxc3g6 wMst9lA W5JIsA†5 wly3¬to8k5 xyq9l W?9od†5 xbsysˆ3tg9l wk8i4 W?9odtÌ3ymJi4 èuy Ñ x7ml fÑ4 b3Czi xqctŒ8isymJu5. mr[4 w2WQIcExc3S6 vJytbs5yxm¯b Wix3ioEi4f5 wkoEi4f5 Ì4yoEIsiq8ªozJ5 sçAtsCÌc5bMs3g5 v?mgc4f5 ®NsIdtub WsygcoEi4fl W?9odtÌEymIq5 xqctŒ8if5. xsM5yi3jl eg3qsChx3iu9l ®NsIi4 st3[sAt5nIi4 wkw5 wMsA8Nyd9lQ5 gÇZq8i4 WNhx3tlQ5. x7ml v?m4f5 W?9odtq8i4 gn3bst5yi5ti b3Cu ®NsItA5 mrbZhx3ij5. wkgc3ªozJ5 gn3bstQx9MbK5 vNbu wkgcsi3j5 rNsI3ÌEIs§i4 Makivik Corporation gryt5yAtc3hbl fÑ7u wkgcsi3j5 ®NsI3ÌEIs§i4. Makivik is the ethnic organization mandated to represent and promote the interests of Nunavik. Its membership is composed of the Inuit beneficiaries x9MymJu4 n3et5yymZ5b w3cgw[oEº5 vt1zpq8i4 of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA). Makivik’s kN[7u sk3y?9oxmb Ì4fx W7mE1aX9oxht9l. Ì4fx v?mtg5 responsibility is to ensure the proper implementation of the political, social, and cultural benefits of the Agreement, and to manage and invest the xsM5yA8nstc1qvlx3ht4 WNhx3Xg5 x5pŒ1q©t5yZt9l ‘Wi3lbsJ6’ monetary compensation so as to enable the Inuit to become an integral part of the northern economy.

  • Le Nord Du Québec

    ENTRETIENS SUR L’HABITAT 2013 SOCIÉTÉ D’HABITATION DU QUÉBEC 8 OCTOBRE 2013 LE NUNAVIK caractéristiques, changements et défis Présentation de Donat Savoie Chevalier de l’Ordre national du Québec 1 RÉGIONS INUITES AU CANADA 1984 2003 2005 1975: CBJNQ 2008: OFFSHORE DATES DES TRAITÉS SIGNÉS 2 POPULATION INUITE AU CANADA (2011) • NUNAVUT: (45,5 %) 27 070 • NUNAVIK: (18,2 %) 10 750 • ARCTIQUE OUEST: (5,6 %) 3 310 • LABRADOR: (3,9 %) 2 325 • Hors territoire Inuit: (26,9 %) 15 990 TOTAL: 59 445 3 507,000 Km2 LE NUNAVIK e • Territoire au nord 55 parallèle au Québec (507 000 km2) • 14 municipalités côtières (aucune réserve) • Accès maritime et aérien seulement • Emplois: para-public, services, transport, mines, tourisme, art inuit • Coût de la vie: deux fois plus élevé qu’au sud • Les Inuits paient taxes et impôts • Kuujjuaq: considérée capitale du Nunavik POPULATION DU NUNAVIK • 12 000 résidents dont 90 % d’Inuits • 10 750 Inuits habitent le Nunavik • 57 % des Inuits ont moins de 25 ans • Espérance de vie: 66,7 ans (79,3 au Québec) • Principales causes de mortalité: suicide (22 %), auto-blessures, accidents, cancer • 1200 Inuits à Montréal AUTONOMIE DES INUITS À L’ARRIVÉE DES EUROPÉENS • Inuits sont en contrôle de leur vie et destinée • Activités de subsistance • Se gouvernent de façon autonome • Pays devient exploité et géré par les entreprises de traite (Baie d’Hudson, Révillon Frères) • 1870 : cession au gouvernement canadien des terres de la CBH et création des Territoires du Nord-Ouest • Visites occasionnelles des missionnaires et agents
  • Creation of the Nunavik Regional Government: Innovative Project and Challenges

    Creation of the Nunavik Regional Government: Innovative Project and Challenges

    SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE CANADIAN NORTH: CREATION OF THE NUNAVIK REGIONAL GOVERNMENT: INNOVATIVE PROJECT AND CHALLENGES Presentation prepared by Donat Savoie Inuit, Arctic and Circumpolar Affairs Former Chief Federal (Canada) Negotiator for Nunavik 1 March 2008 December 5, 2007: Signing of the Agreement in Principle for the establishment of the Nunavik Regional Government Joint Press Release: AN UNPRECEDENTED STEP HAS BEEN TAKEN Result of a Tripartite Negotiation: Inuit, Québec, Canada 2 NUNAVIK • Territory north of the 55th parallel in Québec (507,000 sq.km) • 14 coastal communities (no reserves lands – First Nations) • Population of 11,000 inhabitants (90% Inuit) • More than 50% of the Inuit population have less than 25 years old • Access by plane and sealift only • Employment: public and para-public sectors • Transport, mines, tourism, services, Inuit art • Very high cost of living (70% higher than in southern Canada) • Inuit pay taxes • Kuujjuaq: considered the regional capital of Nunavik 3 4 5 MILITARIZATION OF THE ARCTIC World War II (1939-1945) catapulted the Canadian North and its inhabitants including the Inuit on the world scene Military Bases (U.S./Canada) in Inuit Territory (Weather Stations - Crimson Project): - Goose Bay, Labrador - Fort Chimo (Kuujjuaq), Arctic Québec - Frobisher Bay (Iqaluit), Baffin Island - Alaska Highway (via Yukon) - U.S. bases in Greenland and Iceland 1950s: Cold War: Construction of Radar Networks: Pinetree Line, Mid-Canada Line (55th parallel), Dew Line (Alaska to Greenland) Impact on the Inuit: - Families established themselves near military bases - Access to Jobs Impact on the Canadian and International opinion: - Great interest (strategic) for the North - «Discovery» of a population without services (starvation) - Canadian sovereignty issue 6 7 PRESENCE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA 1953: Creation of the Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources.
  • Regional Dynamics and Bottom-Up Economic Development in Nunavik and Nunatsiavut (Canada)

    Regional Dynamics and Bottom-Up Economic Development in Nunavik and Nunatsiavut (Canada)

    Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen FB 07: Mathematik und Informatik, Physik, Geographie Institut für Geographie Land Claim Settlements and their Impacts: Regional Dynamics and Bottom-Up Economic Development in Nunavik and Nunatsiavut (Canada) vorgelegt von Gerlis Fugmann, M.A. Dissertation Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dr. rer.nat im Fachbereich Geographie Gießen, März 2011 Erklärung Erklärung „Ich erkläre: Ich habe die vorgelegte Dissertation selbständig und ohne unerlaubte fremde Hilfe und nur mit den Hilfen angefertigt, die ich in der Dissertation angegeben habe. Alle Textstellen, die wörtlich oder sinngemäß aus veröffentlichten Schriften entnommen sind, und alle Angaben, die auf mündlichen Auskünften beruhen, sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Bei den von mir durchgeführten und in der Dissertation erwähnten Untersuchungen habe ich die Grundsätze guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis, wie sie in der „Satzung der Justus-Liebig- Universität Gießen zur Sicherung guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis“ nidergelegt sind, eingehalten.“ …………………………………….. ……………………………………… Ort, Datum Unterschrift ii Acknowledgement Acknowledgement After working so long on a project it is hard to not forget anyone that has contributed to its successful completion. I first and foremost want to thank my supervisor, Prof. Dr. Andreas Dittmann for his continued support over the last few years - first in Bonn and later in Giessen - and for allowing me to work with him and complete this project under his supervision. I also wish to extend my sincere thank you to the following
  • Serving Nunavik Inuit

    Serving Nunavik Inuit

    SERVING NUNAVIK INUIT Makivik’s 40th Gala Nunavik Research Centre receives Northern Science Award Swimming in Kangiqsualujjuaq 117 Makivik Corporation Makivik is the ethnic organization mandated to represent and promote the interests of Nunavik. Its membership is composed of the Inuit beneficiaries of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA). Makivik’s responsibility is to ensure the proper implementation of the political, social, and cultural benefits of the Agreement, and to manage and invest the monetary compensation so as to enable the Inuit to become an integral part of the Northern economy. Taqralik Taqralik is published by Makivik Corporation and distributed free of charge to Inuit beneficiaries of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement. The opinions expressed herein are not necessarily those of Makivik Corporation or its Executive. We welcome letters to the editor and submissions of articles, artwork or photographs. Email [email protected] or call 1-800-361-7052 for submissions or for more information. Makivik Corporation Executives Charlie Watt Sr., President Andy Moorhouse, Vice President, Economic Development Adamie Delisle Alaku, Vice President, Environment, Wildlife and Research Andy Pirti, Treasurer Adamie Padlayat, Corporate Secretary We wish to express our sincere thanks to all Makivik staff, as well as to all others who provided assistance and materials to make the production of this magazine possible. Editor Miriam Dewar William Tagoona Translation/Proofreading Alasie Kenuajuak Hickey Eva Aloupa-Pilurtuut Published by Makivik Corporation P.O. Box 179, Kuujjuaq, QC J0M 1C0 Canada Telephone: 819-964-2925 *Contest participation in this magazine is CONTENTS limited to Inuit beneficiaries of theJBNQA .