Bombed, 128, 142, 160; Surrenders, 153 Aarhus: and an Air Attack, 209

Home , Adriatica (camp), Air raids on Hong Kong, Bombing of Foggia, Bombing of Nijmegen, Bombing of Osaka, Brighton Blitz

Index compiled by the author

Aachen: bombed, 128, 142, 160; surrenders, 153 Armed Forces of the Committee for the Liberation of the Aarhus: and an air attack, 209 Peoples of Russia (VS-KONR): 176 Abbeville: 160 Armenians: 230 Abdul Kalam, A P.J.: quoted, 226 Arnhem: 163, 207, 210, 214 Abyssinia (Ethiopia): 16, 116, 206, 213, 222; war dead, Arromanches: 150, 151, 222 257 Ascension Island: 121 Acasta (destroyer): 131 Aschaffenburg: bombed, 167 ‘Ace of the Deep’: 91 ‘Asia Women’s Fund’: to make reparations, 200 Adam, Ken: 210 Assam: 192, 218, 244 Adenauer, Konrad: 240 Athens: 33, 34, 98, 107, 109; Churchill in, 220; liberated, Admiral Graf Spee: 5 162 Admiral Hipper: 83 Atlantic Charter: 220, 221 Admiral Scheer: 28, 83 Atlantic Ferry Organisation (ATFERO): 29 Adriatica (Displaced Persons’ (DP) camp): 238 Atlantic Ocean: 51, 52, 70, 74, 119, 120 Afric Star (merchant ship): sunk, 30 atom bomb: 134, 198, 222; dropped, 201, 202 African-American soldiers: in action, 168, 211 atrocities against civilians: 35, 40, 57, 59, 61, 79, 98, 100, Agent Zigzag: 117 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 112, 156, 173, 192, 229, Akashi: bombed, 193 233 Alamein: 80, 109, 213, 226 Attlee, Clement: and Dresden, 175 Alaska-Canada (Alcan) Highway: 82 Attu Island: 82 Albania: 16, 33, 162, 209, 229, 230; war dead, 256 Aung San, General: leads resistance, 192 Albanian volunteers with the SS: 73 Auschwitz: 88, 90, 91, 101, 103, 109; deportations to, Alderney Island: 224 107, 158; revolt in, 108, 218; escapees from, and a Aleutian Islands: 56, 63, 82 bombing request, 158; evacuated, 173; Gypsies killed Algeria: 80 at, 233 Ali Khan, Lieutenant: 228 Auschwitz Camp Trials: 241 Allen, Alma: 218 Australia: airmen from, 23, 25, 128, 130, 138, 161; troops Allied Control Zones (Germany and Austria): 235 from, 33, 35, 37, 57, 80; and Japan, 54, 56, 67, 69; Alomogordo: 232 and the World War, 66; and British landing craft, 134; Alsace: 152, 213, 211, 236 and the Kokoda Trail, 69; and the Sandakan Death Altenfjord: 83, 169 March, 191; German expellees reach, 236; takes in Ambon: war cemetery and memorial, 244 Displaced Persons (DPs), 239; soldiers, sailors and Amerika (Hitler’s train): 219 airmen of, war graves and memorials to, 244; war Anchorage, Alaska: 82 dead, 255 Andaman Islands: 57, 200, 201 Australia (heavy cruiser): hit, 195 Anders, General: 38, 214 Austria: annexed, 1; and the Einsatzgruppen killing Angaur: 185 squads, 100; fate of Jews of, 229, 230; the fate of the Ano-Archanes: 209 Gypsies of, 233; post-war borders and divisions of, anti-aircraft defences: 167 235, 237; Displaced Person’s Camps in, 237; takes in Antwerp: 123, 143, 163, 165, 166; and the Ardennes, Displaced Persons (DPs), 239; a beneficiary of the 168; liberated, 216 Marshall Plan, 243; Anzio: 122, 126; United States war cemetery at, 248 ‘Aycliffe Angels’: 27 Api (Sabah): anti-Japanese resistance in, 192 Ayrshire (destroyer): 83 Arabs: 42 Arcadia (Florida): 251, 252, 253 BBC: and a promise of liberation, 183 Archangel: 46, 83 BMW: and slave labour, 104 Arctic convoys: 46, 83, 169 Babi Yar (Kiev): 233 Arctic Ocean: 46, 75, 169 Bad Nauheim: 171 Ardennes: 168, 170, 171, 212 ‘Baedeker Raids’: 77 Ardent (destroyer): 131 Baghdad: 37, 109 ‘area bombing’: 76 Baibakov, Nikolai: 113 Argentia Bay: 221 Baker, First Lieutenant Vernon J.: 212 Argentina: 225, 236, 239 Baku: 42, 111, 113 Arhanes: 35 Baldham: 182 Arisan Maru (Japanese ‘Hellship’): 189 Balham: 251, 252 Arizona (battleship): sunk, 55 Balkans: 33, 118, 207 Baltic Sea: 123, 172 Beverloo: 228 Baltic States: Soviet annexation of, 3; Germans expelled Bialystok: 101, 108, 241 from, 236; Displaced Persons (DPs) from, 237; ‘Big Week’: 127, 136 German soldiers buried in, 254 Bilgoraj: 105 ‘Baltikum’: 41 Billig, Dr Hannah: 218 Baltimore: 122, 132 Bir Hakeim: 213 Baramzina, Tatiana: 164 Birkenau: 90, 103, 173 Bangkok: 79 Birmingham: 22 Bangladesh: 242 Bismarck Sea: 62 Barbie, Klaus: 241 Bismarck (battleship): sunk, 36, 169, 207 Bardia: 66 Bizerta: 80 Bardufoss: 169 ‘Black May’: 120 Barents Sea: 83 Black Sea: 78 Bari: 109, 133, 238 Blackpool: 251, 253 Barton, Flying Officer C.J.: 137 Blechhammer: 157, 158 Basra: 37 Bleicherode: 184 Bastogne: 168 Bletchley (Signals Intelligence centre): 22, 31, 51, 120, 208 Bataan: 59 Blitz: over Britain, 19, 21, 218 Batavia: 186, 200 Bloch, Denise: executed, 144 Bath: bombed, 21, 77 Blundell, H.M.: 160 Battle of the Atlantic (1940–43): 51, 52, 70, 119, 120, 207 Blyskawica (destroyer): 10 Battle for Berlin (1945): 164, 215 Bochum: bombed, 167 Battle of Britain (1940): 17, 18; recalled, 139; the Polish Bohemia and Moravia: 1 contribution to, 214 Bolivia: 225 Battle of the Bulge (1944–5): 127, 168, 212 Bombay: 244 Battle for France (1940): 9, 13; the Polish contribution to, Bomber Command (Royal Air Force): 23, 36, 66, 124, 214; India’s contribution, 226 128, 130, 137, 138, 141, 142, 143, 177; and the Battle of Kursk (1943): 125 career of a Lancaster Bomber, 160; and the V-2 rocket Battle for Poland (1939): 2, 214 bomb, 165; and German air defences, 167; and Battle for Poland (1945): 215 Dresden, 175; the Polish contribution to, 214, 250; Baugnez: 168 the Canadian contribution to, 216 bauxite: and German raw material needs, 205 Bordeaux: 6, 13, 30, 52, 230, 231 Bay of Biscay: 123 Borneo: 66 Bayeux: 151, 245 Bornholm: 183 Bedfordshire (armed trawler): sunk, 251 Borrel, Andrée: executed, 144 Beekman, Yolande: executed, 144 Bosnia: 133, 135, 230 Belarus: 230; German war graves in, 249 Bosnian Muslim volunteers with the SS: 73 Belgian Congo: 222 Boston: 20, 122 Belgian troops: in action, 32, 39, 222 Botterill, Keith: 191 Belgium: conquered: 9; forced labourers from, 104; Boulogne: 17, 143 Allied airmen shot down over, 139; and the Bourn air base: 137 Normandy Landings, 141, 143; and the Ardennes, Bowmanville: 91 168; a beneficiary of Lend Lease, 206; gold stolen Braithwaite, Dick: 191 from, 217; war effort by, 222; fate of Jews of, 229, Braun, Dr Wernher von: 166, 182 230; the fate of the Gypsies of, 233; takes in Displaced Brazil: 121, 126, 206, 225, 230, 236, 239; war dead, 257 Persons (DPs), 239; war dead, 256 Breitenbach, Captain Eberhard von: 154 Belgrade: 33, 133, 135 Bremen: 123, 130, 136, 157 Belorussia: 85, 112 Bremerhaven: bombed, 128 Belorussians: 38, 97, 101 Breslau: 175, 182; becomes Wroclaw, 235 Belsen: see index entry for Bergen-Belsen Brest: 36, 70, 71, 123, 131, 143, 152, 210, 214 Belzec: 103, 105, 233 Bridge on the River Kwai, The (film): 79 Bengerskis, General: 129 Brighton Belle (minesweeper): 10 Benghazi: 80, 116 Brisbane: 67 Bény-sur-Mar: war cemetery, 245 Bristol: a German objective, 17; bombed, 21; and a Berchtesgaden: 219 deception, 145 Berehaven: 217 Britain: declares war on Germany, 2; and German oil Bergen-Belsen: 90, 103, 144, 173, 180, 210, 250 stocks, 11; evacuation plans in, 12, 223; invasion Bergkamen: bombed, 177 plans for, 17; air battle over, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23; Berkeley: 232 transfer of bases from, 20; German air ‘Blitz’ against, Berlin: 37, 54, 97, 109, 117; bombed, 128, 137, 138, 19, 21; Secret Intelligence Service of, 24; trains aircrew 139, 142, 160; anti-Nazi leaflets in, 218; battle for, in Canada, 25; munitions factories in, 27; military 129; anti-Hitler plots in, 15; Hitler return to, 171; raids by, 31; conquers Italian East Africa, 32; and the a possible target, 175; possible evacuation of, 180; Arctic convoys, 46; and the Battle of the Atlantic, 51, conquest of, 181, 182 52, 70, 119, 120; and the ‘Channel Dash’, 71; aid to Berlin Defence Perimeter: 181 the Soviet Union from, 75; and Italy, 116, 126; Berliner, Friedrich (Michael O’Hara): 210 receives Liberty Ships, 132; helps Yugoslav partisans, Bermuda: 20, 220 133; builds landing craft, 134; and the prelude to the Bessarabia: 3, 229 Normandy Landings, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147; and Besugo (American submarine): 186 the day of the landings, 148, 149, 150, 151; and the xxxii liberation of France, 152; and a plot to kill Hitler, 154; flying bombs hit, 159; rocket bombs hit, 166; United removes German material and experts, 184; and the States war cemetery at, 248 naval war in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, 186; and Camp Bullis: 93 the defeat of Japan in Burma, 199; and steel, 204; Camp Michaux: 93 a beneficiary of Lend Lease, 206; rescuers (of Jews) Camp O’Donnell: 59 in, 230; takes in Displaced Persons (DPs), 239; a Camp Ozada: 95 beneficiary of the Marshall Plan, 243; war graves of Campbelltown (destroyer): 74 servicemen from, 244, 251, 252; war dead, 256 Canada: aircrew training in, 25; and the Atlantic Ferry British Columbia: 68 Organisation, 29; prisoners of war in, 51; and the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan: 25 Alaska-Canada Highway, 82; prisoner-of-war camps British Film Institute: 31 in, 95; and the Normandy Landings, 149, 151; and the British Free Corps: 73, 181 liberation of France, 152; at Arnhem, 163; Japanese British forces: in Norway, 8; in Greece, 33; in Crete, 35; in balloon-bomb attacks on, 196; and the United States Iraq, 37; in Burma, 57; in North Africa, 80; at Dieppe, nuclear programme, 232; German expellees reach, 86, 87; prisoners of war, 10, 57, 58, 74, 79, 87, 88, 236; takes in Displaced Persons (DPs), 239; and war 92; liberate crimes trials, 241; war graves of servicemen from, 244, Belsen, 180 245; war dead, 257 British Guiana: 121 Canadians: in Bomber Command, 128, 130, 138, 161 British Military Intelligence: 39 Canadian forces: at Dieppe, 86, 87; in Italy, 126; in British North Borneo: 191 Normandy, 151; in northern Europe and Italy, 216 British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC): 29 Canterbury: bombed, 21, 77; and a deception, 145 British Pacific Fleet: 195 Canton: a United States bombing raid on, 194 Brittany: 11, 13, 216 Cap Arcona (ocean liner): sunk, 182, 250 Brno: 182 Cape Town: 186 Brookwood Cemetery: 23 Carter, Staff Sergeant Edward A., Jr: 212 Broome: 67 Carter, Captain Harry E.: 121 Brown, Flight Sergeant H.K.: 160 Casablanca: 80, 220, 221 Brown, Tommy: 208 Caspian Sea: 75, 78, 113 Bruneval: attacked, 72, 210 Catherine the Great: 236 Brunswick: bombed, 142, 160 Caucasus: 41, 42, 45, 75, 111, 113 Bruskina, Marina: 218 Centaur (hospital ship): sunk, 67 Brussels: 15, 141 Central and South America: 206 Bryansk: 100, 112 Cephalonia: 98 Bucharest: 157 Cesis: 254 Buchenwald: 90, 103, 173, 212, 233, 241 Ceylon: 57, 66, 242 Budanova, Katya: 218 Chad: 213 Budapest: 109; besieged, 153, 171, 173; a refugee from, ‘Channel Dash’: 71, 72, 131, 207 156; bombed, 157, 158; Jews protected in, 217; an Channel Islands: 13, 71, 210, 224 execution in, 218 Chantecler (eel boat): 10 Buenos Aires: 5 Chapman, Eddie: 117 ‘Buffalo’ Division: in action, 212 ‘Chariots’: 169 Bukovina: 3, 229, 236 Charleston: 122 Bulanov, Colonel: 240 Charly (Lorraine): 156 Bulgaria: 33, 34, 229, 230, 235; war dead, 256 Chechen-Ingush: deported, 99 Buna: 88, 173 Chekiang: 61 Bunker Hill (aircraft carrier): sunk, 195 Chelmno: 103, 108, 233 Burhou Island: commando raid on, 224 Chemnitz: 175, 218 Burma: attacked, 56, 57, 79, 207; prisoner of war camps Chengdu: 61, 197 in, 92; liberation of, 187, 199; anti-Japanese resistance Cherbourg: 6, 22, 123, 140, 152 in, 192; Belgians in, 222; Indian soldiers in, 226, 227; Chetniks: 133 achieves independence, 242; war memorials and war Chicago: 232 graves in, 244; war dead, 255 Chigasaki: 198 Burma National Army: 192 Chile: 225, 236 ‘Burma Railway’: 79 China: invaded by Japan, 53, 57; and American bombing ‘Burma Road’: 54 raids on Japan, 61; prisoner of war camps in, 92; Bussche, Captain Axel von dem: 154 troops of, in Burma, 187, 199; anti-Japanese partisan Bydgoszcz: 97 movements in, 192; and the Soviet liberation of Manchuria, 202; a beneficiary of Lend Lease, 206; Caen: 11, 143, 150, 151, 210; war graves near, 245 becomes a People’s Republic, 242; war dead, 255 Cairns: 67 Chindits: in Burma, 187, 199 Cairo: 80, 109, 220, 221 Chinese: civilians, murdered, 53, 58, 61; soldiers, and a Cajavec, Rudi: 135 war cemetery, 244 Calais: 9, 143, 146, 152 Chita: 38, 240 California: 58 Christian rescuers (of Jews): 230 Callaghan (destroyer): sunk, 195 chrome: and German raw material needs, 205 Cambodia: 242 Chryssoulaki-Vlachou, Terpsichori: 218 Cameroon: 213 Chungking: 206 Campbell, Owen: 191 Churchill, Winston S.: 10, 18, 22, 26, 38, 71, 74, 118, Cambridge: bombed, 21, 77; a war cemetery near, 140; 141; ‘Set Europe ablaze’, 155, 209; supports the xxxiii bombing of Auschwitz, 158; and the Warsaw Danish volunteers with the SS: 73 Uprising, 161; and Denmark, 183; and Japan, 202, Danzig: 1, 2, 172, 229; becomes Gdansk, 249; Germans 204; and steel, 204; his wartime travels, 220; and expelled from, 236 wartime conferences, 221; and the United States Darmstadt: bombed, 128 nuclear programme, 232; and war crimes trials, 241 Darwin: 56, 67 Climbach: bravery at, 212 Das Reich Division: 156 Clinton, President William J.: 212 Dayan, Moshe: 37 Coblenz: bombed, 167; an attack launched through, 170 ‘Death Marches’: 173, and war crimes trials, 241 Cockfosters: 39 Debrecen: 158 ‘Cold War’: early manifestations of, 201, 202, 220 deception: 118, 143, 145 ‘Cold Water’: instructions, 22 Dechaineux, Captain Emile: killed, 195 Colditz Castle: 88 De Gaulle, Charles: 213 Cologne: bombed, 76, 77, 128, 142, 167, 177; anti-Nazi Denmark: conquered, 8; German air bases in, 19; Soviet leaflets in, 218 designs on, 183, 207; Special Operations in, 209; a Colombia: 225 woman resistance fighter in, 218; fate of Jews of, 229, Colombo: 57; war memorial in, 244 230; a beneficiary of the Marshall Plan, 243; war dead, Columbia (light cruiser): hit, 195 256 ‘comfort women’: 200 Denmark Strait: 30 Commander Islands (Komandorski Islands): 62, 82 deportations: 99, 106, 107 Comoro Islands: 64 Der Führer Regiment: 156 commerce raiders: 5, 28, 30, 132 Derby (Australia): 67 communism: in Eastern Europe, 235; in China, 242 Destroyers for Bases Agreement (1940): 20, 52, 74 Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries: 74, De Valera, Eamon de: 182, 217 79, 188, 244, 245, 246, 250, 251, 252 Diego Suarez: 65 concentration camps: 1, 103, 173; liberated, 180, 183 Dieppe: 86, 87, 143, 214, 216 convoys: 46, 51, 52, 70, 81, 83, 119, 120, 131, 169, 213 Dijon: 152 Copenhagen: 172, 183, 209, 222 Dimapur: 188 Coral Sea: 56, 62, 67, 69 Displaced Persons’ Camps (DP camps); 237, 238 Corfu: 107, 210 Distomo: 98 Cork: 217 Dizful: 78 Cornford, Reginald: 181 Dnieper River: 125 Corregidor: 59 Doctors’ Trial (1946–7): 241 Corsica: 126 Dominican Republic: 225 Cossacks: 50 Dongo: 126, 182 Cossack volunteers with the SS: 73 Donnet, Wing Commander: 222 Costa Rica: 225 Dönitz, Admiral: 172 Courseulles-sur-Mer: 213 Doolittle, Lieutenant Colonel James H.: 61 Coventry: bombed, 21, 22 ‘Doolittle’ bombing raid: 61, 63 Cowan, Flight Lieutenant Roland: 160 Dora-Nordhausen: 184, 241 Coward, Sergeant Charles: 88 Dorsett, Lieutenant C.M.: 29 Cracow: 241 Dortmund: bombed, 76, 142, 167 Craig, Stanley (Telegraphist Royal Navy): 251 Dosa, Anna: 218 Crawinkel: 231 Dössel: Polish war graves at, 250 Crete: 34, 35, 66, 209, 218, 226. 229 Draguignan: United States war cemetery at, 248 Crimea: 125, 233 Dresden: 97, 109, 127; bombed, 128, 175 Crimean Tatars: deported, 99 Dublin: 217 Croatia: 133, 135, 230, 233; Displaced Persons (DPs) Dufetel, Bernard: 160 from, 238 Duisburg: bombed, 128, 142 Cuba: 206, 225; civilian war dead, 257 Dutch: 10, 39, 73; starving, 182; insurgency against, 186 Cunningham, Sub-Lieutenant Thomas: 251 Dunkirk: evacuated, 9, 10, 195, 214, 222; a raid on, 210 Cushing, Colonel James: 192 Durrant, Sergeant T.F.: 74 Cushing, Captain Walter: 192 Düsseldorf: 142, 167 Czech Republic: rescuers (of Jews) in, 230 Dvinsk: 100, 254 Czechoslovakia: dismembered, 1; its airmen fight on, 23, 128; and the liberation of France, 152; fate of Jews of, E-boats: 140 229; fate of homosexuals from, 234; post-war borders ‘Eagle Attack’: 17 of, 235; Germans expelled from, 236; forced to refuse East African troops: 32, 65, 199, 244 Marshall Plan, 243; war dead, 256 East Anglia: 123, 127, 130 East Pakistan: 242 Dachau: 1, 90, 103, 144, 173, 180, 211, 233, 241, 250 East Prussia: 125, 172, 235; Germans expelled from, 236; Dahlgren: 232 German war graves in, 249 Daimler: 104 Eastern Galicia: 3 Dakar: 213 Ebensee: 103, 180, 182 Dalmatia: 116 Echo of the Free North (clandestine news sheet): 192 Daluege, Kurt: 97, 241 Eden, Anthony: 183 Damascus: 37 Eder Dam: 124 ‘Dambusters’ Squadron: 124 Edinburgh: bombed, 21; Polish war graves in, 247; home Damerment, Madeleine: executed, 144 town of British airmen killed, 253 Danielson, Captain Edward: 24 Edmonds, John Maxwell: quoted, 188 xxxiv eel boats: 10 Formidable (aircraft carrier): 195 eggs: captured, 28 Formosa (Taiwan): 189, 195, 242; United States bombing Egypt: 65, 80, 81, 206 raids on, 194 Eichmann, Adolf: 109, 225, 241 Fort Nelson: 82 Eindhoven: 163 Fox, First Lieutenant John R.: 212 Einsatzgruppen (killing squads): 97, 100, 109 France: invaded, 9; battle for, 13; in defeat, 15; forced Einstein, Albert: and the United States nuclear labourers from, 104; a fugitive in, 109; Nazi terror in, programme, 232 110; Italian annexations in, 116; and the prelude to Eire (Republic of Ireland): its neutrality, 217; a beneficiary the Normandy Landings, 141, 143, 147, 149; agents of the Marshall Plan, 243; war dead, 256 executed after capture in, 144; liberation of, 152; Eisenhower, General Dwight D.: 122, 141, 168, 237 resistance circuits in, 155; and German raw material El Salvador: 225 needs, 205; a beneficiary of Lend Lease, 206; fate of Elba: 126 Jews of, 14, 229, 230; the fate of the Gypsies of, 233; Elbe River: 175, 179 Germans expelled from, 236; takes in Displaced Elbing: 171 Persons (DPs), 239; a beneficiary of the Marshall Plan, Elser, Johann Georg: 154 243; war dead, 256 Ely: 117 Francis J. O’Gara (Liberty Ship): 132 Emden: 123 Franco, General Francisco: 234 English Channel: 71 Frankfurt-on-Main: 160, 250 Enigma (German top-secret communications): 22, 31, Frantisek, Josef: 23 51, 52, 71, 119, 120, 131, 182, 183, 215; its global Fraserburgh: 182 effectiveness, 207; and the search for machines and Free French Forces (Forces Françaises Libres): 37, 80, codebooks, 208 126, 213; and the liberation of France, 152; their Epinal: United States war cemetery at, 248 European and African battlegrounds, 213; war graves Eritrea: 32, 213 of servicemen of, 244 escape and evasion: 39, 105, 128, 133, 217 Free French Navy: 213 Escoublac: 74 Free India Centre: 227 espionage: 117 Free India Legion: 228 Essen: bombed, 76, 160, 167 Freemasons: 103 Esterwegen: 1, 103 Freiberg: 218 Estonia: 3, 84, 85, 229, 230, 233; war dead, 256 French Armistice (1940): 15 Estonian volunteers in the German armed forces: 73, 84, French civilians: 39, 110 85 French Equatorial Africa: 213 Ethiopia (Abyssinia): 16, 116, 206, 213; war dead, French forces: in Norway: 8; in Madagascar, 65; at 257 Dieppe, 86; in Corsica, 126; in Bomber Command, Ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsch): 106, 239 128; and the liberation of France, 152 European Recovery Programme (Marshall Plan): 243 French Indo-China: 55, 92; anti-Japanese resistance in, evacuations: 9, 10, 13, 33, 172 192; post-war divisions of, 242; civilian war dead, ‘Evacuation and Reception Areas’: 12 255 Exercise Tiger: 140 French Morocco: 80, 239 Exeter: bombed, 21, 77 French Resistance: 110, 152, 155, 156 expellees (Germans): 236 French Volunteer Legion: 73 Friedlaender, Rudi: 210 Falaise: 152, 214, 216 Fry, Varian: 230 Falmouth: 74, 231 Fürstenau: 250 Faroe Islands: 131 Farrow, Lieutenant: 61 Gabon: 213 Fasson, Lieutenant Tony: 208 Galapagos Islands: 6 Fayiz Bey: 109 Gallabat: 32 Feldafing (Displaced Persons’ Camp); 237 Gallipoli evacuation (1915): 10 Feltham, Sergeant H.K.: 160 Gandin, General Antonio: 98 Fermo: 238 Gardelegen: 103, 180 Filipinos: 59, 189, 192 Gartner, Ella: 218 Finland: 4, 47; and German raw material needs, 205; Gdynia (Gotenhafen): 6, 28, 30, 36, 172 fate of Jews of, 229; declines Marshall Plan, 243; Gehlen, Richard: 190 war dead, 256 Geier (trawler): captured, 208 Finnish troops: in Russia, 43, 47 Gelsenkirchen: bombed, 160, 167, 177 First United States Army Group (FUSAG), an Allied General von Steuben (ocean liner): sunk, 172 deception: 145 Geneva Conventions (on prisoners of war): 89, 92 fish-oil: 31 Genoa: 116, 209 Flemish volunteers with the SS: 73 George VI, King: 13, 81 Florence: liberated, 126; United States war cemetery at, George Cross: 39, 67, 81, 208 248 George Medal: 208, 218 Flossenbürg: 90, 103, 173, 180, 241, 250 Geraldton: 67 Flying Fortress (B-17): an invention for, 215 German Air Force: 21, 77, 81, 86, 109, 136, 170; Foggia: 158, 161 a virtual suicide mission by, 178; its jet aircraft in Föhrenwald (Displaced Persons’ Camp): 237 action, 179 Foot, Professor M.R.D.: quoted, 209 German internees: 96 Ford: 104 ‘Germanification’ (1940–43): 236 xxxv Germany: early expansion of, 1; invades Poland, 2; attacks forces in, 226; fate of Jews of, 229, 230; and the on merchant shipping: 5,6 conquers Denmark and Truman Doctrine, 243; a beneficiary of the Marshall Norway, 8; attacks in the West, 9; and France, 15; Plan, 243; war dead, 256 plans to invade Britain, 17; and the Battle of Britain, Greek sailors: on D-Day, 149 17, 18; and the Blitz, 19, 21; conquers Yugoslavia Greek troops: in North Africa, 80; and the liberation of and Greece, 33; occupation in Greece, 34, 98, 102; Greece, 162 occupies Crete, 35; sends planes to Iraq, 37; plans for Greenock: 213 the Soviet Union, 41; seeks oil, 42; invades Soviet ‘Grey Ranks’: 218 Union, 44, 50; and the Arctic convoys, 46; and the Grini: 31 partisan war, 48, 50 98; conquests of (by December Gross Rosen: 90, 103 1941), 49; and the Battle of the Atlantic: 51, 52, 70, Grove Park Inn: 96 119, 120 and Japan, 54; bombed, 66, 76, 77, 127, Grozny: 111, 113 128, 137, 138, 139, 142, 158, 160, 221; and the Guadalcanal: 62, 185 fighting in North Africa, 80; and Malta, 81; internees Guam: 56, 185, 197 from, 96; Police Battalions from, 97; occupation of Guatemala: 225 Poland, 97, 100, 101,102; and the Einsatzgruppen Guebling: 212 killing squads, 100; and the concentration camps, 1, Guernsey: 224 103; and slave labour, 104, 110; and the continuing Gundlach, Rudolf: 215 battles on Soviet soil, 111, 113, 114, 115, 125; trains a Gunskirchen: 103, 180, 212 British double agent, 117; deceived, 118, 146; and the Gusen: 103, 180 war in Italy, 126; and the prelude to the Normandy Guyanas: 70, 119 Landings, 140, 142, 143, 145; women agents executed Guérisse, Albert-Marie: 39 in, 144; and successful Allied deceptions, 145; on the Güterglück: 129 eve of the Normandy Landings, 148; evacuates Greece, Gypsies (Roma amd Sinti): 100, 103, 180, 233, 234 162; and the V-1 flying bomb, 159; and the V-2 rocket bomb, 163, 165, 166; and the Ardennes, 168; and the Haakon, King: 26 fall of Berlin, 181; Unconditional Surrender by, 182, Haakoy Island: 169 184; scientists from, taken to Allied countries, 182, Habbaniya: 37 184; and oil, 203; and steel, 204, 205; and raw Hagen: 241 material imports, 205; fate of Jews of, 229, 230; Haifa: 37, 109 search for a nuclear weapon by, 231; fate of Gypsies Haigerloch: 231 of, 233; fate of homosexuals from, 234; post-war Haiti: 225 borders and divisions of, 235, 237; fate of expellees Haj Amin al-Husseini: 109 from, 236; Displaced Persons’ Camps in, 237; takes in Halban, Hans von: 13, 231 Displaced Persons (DPs), 239; fate of prisoners of war Halifax (Nova Scotia): 26, 120 from, 240; war graves of servicemen from, 224, 244, Hallmark, Lieutenant: 61 245, 246, 248 Hamburg: 6; bombed, 76, 128, 130, 139, 142, 157, Gers: 110 167; deportees from, 107; anti-Nazi leaflets in, 218; Gertsdorff, Colonel Rudolph von: 154 surrenders, 182, 183, 210; Polish war graves at, 250 Gertz, Wanda: 218 Hamburg (factory ship): 31 Gestapo: 103, 144; attacks on headquarters of, 209, 210 Hamm: United States war cemetery at, 248 Ghent: 143 Hammerstein: 90, 174 ghettoes: Jewish revolts in, 108; Gypsies deported to, 233 Hanford: 232 ‘Ghost of St Trond’: 170 Hango: 4 Gibraltar: 52, 74, 81 Hannover: bombed, 142, 167 Gibson, Guy: 124 hara kiri: 185 Glasgow: bombed, 21; Japanese ‘Hellships’ built in, 189; Harbin: 201 Polish war graves in, 247; home town of British Harris, Air Marshal Arthur ‘Bomber’: 76 airmen killed, 253 Harrisson, Tom: 192 Glenn, John (astronaut): 195 Harvard University: 243 Gneisenau (battle cruiser): 71, 131 Hashimoto, Commander Machitsura: 201 Goerdeler, Dr Carl: 154 Hatfield: 117 Goeth, Amnon: 241 heavy water: 13 gold: stolen, 217 Heilbronn: bombed, 128 Gold Beach: 149, 150; war graves near, 245 ‘Hellships’: 189 Gomel: 100, 112 Helsinki: 4, 107 Gorgopotamos: 209 Henningsvaer: 31 Gotenhafen (Gdynia): 6, 28, 30, 36, 172 Henri-Chapelle: United States war cemetery at, 248 Goya (ocean liner): sunk, 172 Henris: become Heinrichs: 14 Grave: 163 Henry, Patrick: quoted, 132 Gravesend: 11 Herm: 210, 224 Graz: 210 Herzegovina: 133, 135 Grazier, Able Seaman Colin: 208 Hesketh-Pritchard, Alfgar: 209 ‘Great Escape’: 88 Hess, Lieutenant O.E.: 29 ‘Great Jet Massacre’: 179 Hess, Otto (Peter Giles): 210 ‘Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere’: 54, 192 Heuberg: 1, 103, 228 Great Yarmouth: bombed, 21, 77 Heyda, Wolfgang: 91 Greece: 33, 66, 98, 101, 102, 116, 118; end of German Heydrich, Reinhard: 209 rule in, 162; a beneficiary of Lend Lease, 206; Indian Higgins, Andrew: 122 xxxvi Highgate: 39 Israel: 225, 239 Himmler, Heinrich: 139, 154. 182 Italian East Africa: 32 ‘Himmlerstadt’: 106 Italian internees: 96 Hindus: 188, 226, 228, 244 Italian troops: in the Soviet Union, 43, 115; in Hirohito, Emperor: broadcasts, 201 North Africa, 80; in Greece, 98; a memorial to, Hiroshima: 92, 198, 201, 202, 232 244 Hitler, Adolf: 1, 13, 42, 90, 104, 109, 111, 113; quoted, Italian volunteers with the SS: 73 17, 48, 50, 113, 115; orders an execution, 88; his Italy: attacks France, 13, 15; its empire, 16, 32; and headquarters, 91, 171, 219; and the Battle of Kursk, Greece, 34; fighting in, 38, 64, 211; and Japan, 54; 125; bomb plots against, 154; and the V-2 rocket and North Africa, 80; and Malta, 81; its war fronts, bomb, 165; and Tirpitz, 169; and an SS colonel’s joke, 116, 126; Allied air bases in, 135, 136; and Dresden, 171; commits suicide, 181, 182, 217; and German raw 175; and the Far East, 186; Churchill in, 220; fate of material needs, 205; and Spain, 217; and Subhas Jews of, 14, 229, 230; the fate of Gypsies of, 233; Chandra Bose, 227, 228 abolishes monarchy, 235; Displaced Persons’ camps Hitler Youth: 182, 228 (DP camps) in, 238; a beneficiary of the Marshall Plan, Hobart: 6 243; war dead, 256 Hoess, Rudolph: 241 Ito, (Professor) Susumu: in action, 211 Hofmann, Jozef: 215 Iwo Jima: 66, 185, 197 Hokkaido: 196, 202 Homma, General Masaharu: 59 James, Private Willy F, Jr: his bravery, 212 homosexuals: 103, 180, 234 Japan: conquests by, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60; Honduras: 225 bombed, 61; naval battles of, 62, 63; submarines of, Hong Kong: 56, 66, 92, 226, 242; war memorial and war 55, 65; in Papua New Guinea, 69; and the Burma graves in, 244 Railway, 79; and the Aleutian Islands, 82; prisoners Honshu: 61, 198 of war of, 92; defeat of, in the Pacific, 185; in Burma, Hood (battleship): sunk, 36 187, 199; advance of, into India, 188; its ‘Hellships’, Horn Island: 67 189; its merchant fleet, destroyed, 190; and the Horthy, Admiral: 158 Sandakan Death March, 191; partisan movements Houtman Abrolhas Islands: 67 against, 192; intensification of bombing of, 193, 197; ‘Huff Duff’: 51 balloon bomb attacks on Canada and the United Hungarians: internees, 96; Displaced Persons (DPs), 237, States from, 196; plans to invade, 198; ‘comfort 238 women’ of, 200; surrenders, 201; and the Soviet Hungarian troops: in the Soviet Union: 43, 115; and a war invasion of Manchuria, 202, and oil, 203; and steel, cemetery in Latvia, 254 204; and imported raw materials, 204; and Germany’s Hungarians: as volunteers with the SS, 73; as Displaced nuclear quest, 231; war dead, 255 Persons (DPs), 238 Japanese internees: 96 Hungary: 33, 158, 229, 230, 233, 236; war dead, 256 Japanese-Americans: interned, 64; in action, 126, 211; died in internment, 257 I.G. Farben: 167, 237 Japanese-Canadians: interned, 68 Iceland: 83, 206, 220; civilian war dead, 257 Japanese Home Islands: 61, 185, 190, 193, 197; plans Ickern: 156 to invade, and to defend, 198, 207 Imabari: bombed, 193 Java: 60, 66, 92; anti-Japanese resistance in, 192 Imphal: 187, 188, 199, 226, 227; war cemetery at, 244 Jazbec, Milos: 135 Inchon: 201, 202 ‘Jedburgh Teams’: and the liberation of France, 152 India (British India): 37, 57; her contribution to the Allied Jehovah’s Witnesses: 103, 234 victory, 226; post-war Jeremiah O’Brien (Liberty Ship): 132 independence of, 242; war dead, 257 Jericho: 109 Indian Army Medical Corps: 218 Jersey: 117, 224 Indian Legion: 227 Jerusalem: 109, 241 Indian National Army: 57, 227 Jesselton: 191 Indian National Congress: 227 jet aircraft: in action, 179 Indian Ocean: 57, 65, 67, 186 ‘Jewish’ Commando Troop: at Dieppe, 87 Indian troops: 32, 33, 37, 58, 80 Jewish Brigade: 126 Indianapolis (heavy cruiser): torpedoed, 201 Jews: fate of, 14, 37, 38, 88, 97, 101, 103, 104, 105, 107, Indonesia: 242 (for earlier entries, see The Netherlands 109; ghetto revolts by, 108; death marches of, 173; East Indies) refuge for, 217; turned back, 217; numbers murdered, Inoye, (Senator) Daniel: in action, 211 229, 256; as Displaced Persons (DPs), 237, 238; internment and internees: 6, 64, 68, 74, 95, 96, 110, 244 soldiers’ war graves, 244 Iorabaiwa: 69 Johannesen, Sigurd: 24 Ipswich: bombed, 21, 77; and a deception, 145; flying John P. Gaines (Liberty Ship): 132 bombs hit, 159; rocket bombs hit, 166 Judges’ Trial (1947): 241 Iraq: 37, 42, 78, 109, 206, 239 Juno Beach: 150, 151; war graves near, 245 Iran: 38, 42; aid to the Soviet Union passes through, 75, 78; a beneficiary of Lend Lease, 206 Kabelvag: 31 Ireland (Eire, Republic of Ireland): neutral, 217; Kachin guerrillas: 192 a beneficiary of the Marshall Plan, 243 Kakolyri: 98 Iron Cross: 98, 117 Kalavryta: 98 ‘Iron Curtain’: 184, 235, 236 Kalmyks: deported, 99 iron ore: and German raw material needs, 205 Kamchatka: 240 xxxvii kamikaze: suicide pilots, 195; varieties of suicide weapons, Lampedusa: 210 198 Lamsdorf: 218 Kanchanaburi: 79 Lancastria (sunk): 11 Karachais: deported, 99 landing craft: 122, 133, 140, 151, 195 Karachi: war memorial in, 244 Langsdorff, Captain Hans: 5 Karelia: 3 Laos: 242 Karen guerrillas: 192 Lasang: 189 Kassala: 32 Laska, Vera: 218 Kassel: bombed, 128, 136 Latin America: internees, 96; its contribution to the Allied Kasserine Pass: 80 war effort, 225 Katyn massacre: 7 Latvia: 3, 229, 230, 233; war dead, 256 Kaufering: 103, 180 Latvians: as volunteers with the German Army, 73, 84, Kaunas (Kovno): 100, 230, 254 129, 254; as Displaced Persons (DPs), 238 Kharkov: 7, 100, 112, 125, 230, 241 Lauenberg (weather ship): captured, 208 Khrushchev, Nikita: 7, 99 Le Havre: 11, 123, 150, 152 Kiangsu: 61 Lebanon: 37, 213 Kiel: 130, 139, 142, 172, 182, 231, 250 Lefevre, Eric: 246 Kienitz: 171 Lefort, Cicely: executed, 144 Kiev: 104, 112, 125, 249 Leggio, Colonel Felicio: 98 King George V (steamer): 10 Leicester: bombed, 21; and a deception, 145; a flying ‘King’s Most Loyal Enemy Aliens’: 210 bomb hits, 159 Kinmel Camp (North Wales): 186 Leigh, Vera: executed, 144 Kiska: 82 Leipzig: 77, 154, 175 Kittabul (depot ship): hit, 67 Lekenik: 210 Kleve: 244 Lenin (icebreaker): 6 Klissura, 98 Leningrad: 4, 43, 75, 207; besieged, 47; partisans south of, Kluz, Franjo: 135 48, 112 Knights Cross: 129 Lenino: 215 Kobe: 61, 193 Leuna: bombed, 157 Koch, Erich: 104 Leyte Gulf: 62, 66, 185 Kohima: 188, 199, 226, 227; war cemetery at, 244 Liberia: 121, 206 Köhler, Horst: 240 Liberty Ships: 132, 186 Koizumi, Junichiro: apologises, 200 Libya: 16, 81, 229 Kokoda Trail: 69 Lichtenstein: 176 Kolberg: 172 Lichterfelde: 231 Kolding: 183 Lidice: 241 Komandorski Islands (Commander Islands): 62, 82 Lightoller, Commander: 10 Komet (commerce raider): 6 Lille: 141, 160 Kommemo: 98 Lincolnshire: 130 Königsberg (Kaliningrad): 172, 235, 249 Lingayen: 195 Korea: 53; landings on, 202; civilian war dead, 255 Lingayen Gulf: 66 Korean War (1950–53): 242 Lippoldsberg: 212 Kormoran (commerce raider): 30, 67 Lisbon: 39, 117, 217 Kos: 98, 107, 229 Lithuania: 3, 229, 230, 233; war dead, 256 Kosacki, Jozef: 215 Lithuanians: as volunteers, 84, 97; as Displaced Persons Kosmodemyansky, Alexander: 218 (DPs), 238 Kosmodemyanskaya, Zoya: 218 ‘Little Blitz’: 21 Kota Bharu: 58 Litvak, Lydia: 218 Kowarksi, Lev: 13, 231 Liverpool: 52, 117, 120 Kra Isthmus: 57 Ljubljana: 133, 135 Krasnodar: 113, 241 Lobkovskaya, Nina: 164 Krasnoyarsk: 38, 240 Loch Swilly: 217 Krebs (trawler): captured, 31, 208 Loeben: 210 Kreipe, General: 35, 209 Lofoten Islands: 31, 214 Kremlin spires (Moscow): 44 London: Blitz, 21; and Coventry, 22; and the V-1 flying Kretschmer, Otto: 51, 91 bomb, 159; and the V-2 rockets, 163, 165, 166; Kristiansand: 231 wartime conference in, 221 Krupp: 104 ‘Lone Queen of the North’: 169 Kuala Lumpur: 58 ‘Long March’: 174 Kurile Islands: 201 Longoskawayan Point: 59 Kursk: 112, 118, 125, 207 Lorient: 52, 70, 123 Kwok, Albert: 192 Lorraine: 152, 156 Kyushu: 197, 198, 202 Los Alamos: 232 Los Angeles: 132 La Baule: 74 Lossiemouth: 169, 227 La Cambe: German war cemetery, 246 Loustalot, Lieutenant Edwin V.: 87 La Combattante (destroyer): in action, 214 Lübeck: bombed, 76, 77, 130; evacuees reach, 172; a La Langannerie: Polish war cemetery, 213, 245 maritime disaster off, 182; Soviet tanks reach, 183; Lae: war cemetery and memorial, 244 Polish war graves at, 250 xxxviii Ludwigshaven: bombed, 142, 157, 167; Polish war graves Mexico: 206, 225; civilian war dead, 257 at, 250 Mian Khan: killed in action, 226 Luninck, Ferdinand von: 154 Midway: 55, 56, 62, 63 Luxembourg: conquered, 9, 14; fate of Jews of, 14, 229, Mihailovic, Drazha: 133, 209 230; a deportation from, 107; gold stolen from, 217; Milan: 126 the fate of the Gypsies of, 233; war dead, 256 Milch, Field Marshal: and oil, 157 Luzon: 185; anti-Japanese resistance on, 192; United Millinchamp, Ivy: 166 States bombing raids on, 194 Milosavljevic, Danisa: 218 Lyon: 143, 147, 152, 218, 241 ‘Miners’ Republic’ (Yugoslavia): 133 Lysekil: 209 Minsk: 100, 112; a woman partisan in, 218; liberated, 153 Missouri (battleship): Japanese surrender signed on, 201 Mabalacat: 195 Mittelbau-Dora: 103, 180 MacArthur, General Douglas: 59, 192 Mittelwerk: 165 McAuliffe, General Anthony: 168 Mitsuo Fuchida: 57 McBride, Lieutenant G.L.: 215 Moabit Prison (Berlin): 181 Mackenzie, Ian: 68 Mogaung: 187, 199, 226, 227 Macedonia: 34, 229, 230 Möhne Dam: 124 Madagascar: 65, 122 Moji: 189 Magadan: 38, 240 Moldova: 230 Magdeburg: 157 Mondorf: 184 ‘Magic’: and Enigma, 207 ‘Monsoon’: 186 Maginot Line: breached, 9 Monte Cassino: 126, 214, 216, 226 Magnuski, Henryk: 215 Montevideo: 5 Maikop: 111, 112 Montgomery (Alabama): 251, 252, 253 Majdanek: 90, 91, 103, 233, 241 Montgomery, General (later Field Marshal): 80, 109, 183 ‘Major William Martin’: 118 Monowitz: 88, 173 Malaya: 54, 55, 58, 92, 134; anti-Japanese resistance in, Montenegro: 133, 135, 230 192; post-war independence of, 242; civilian war dead, Montreal: 23 255 ‘Moonlight Sonata’: 22 Malayan People’s Anti-Japanese Army: 192 Morocco: 80, 121 Malaysia: 242 Moscow: 43; battle for, 44, 50, 75; Hitler’s plan to Maleme: 35 capture, 111; a trial in, 176; Churchill in, 220; Malmedy: 168, 170 conferences in, 221; German prisoners of war paraded Malta: 81, 126, 210, 220; civilian war dead, 257 through, 240 Manchuria (Manchukuo): 53, 192, 200, 201, 202 Moscow Declaration (1943): 241 Mandalay: 57, 199, 201 Moscow Treaty (1940): 4 manganese: and German raw material needs, 205 Moses, Lieutenant Colonel Martin: executed, 192 Manhattan Project: 232 Mostar: 133, 135 Manila: 59, 189, 200 Mosul: 37, 109 Manod Quarry (Wales): art evacuated to, 223 Motor Launch 306: 74 Manstein, General von: 125 Mount Durmitor: 133 Maori troops: 35, 126 Moussey-dans-les-Vosges: 210 ‘March of Death’ (Bataan): 59 Moxham, Bill: survives a death march, 191 Mareth Line: 80 Munemori, Sadao: killed in action, 211 Mareuil-Caubert: 160 München (weather ship); captured, 208 Margratten: United States war cemetery at, 248 Munich: an attempt on Hitler’s life in,154; anti-Nazi Marseille: 152, 230 leaflets in, 218; bombed, 160; entered, 182 Marshall, General George C.: 243 Munster: 154 Marshall Plan: 243 Murmansk: 4, 46, 169 massacres and mass murder: 35, 40, 57, 59, 61, 79, 98, Muroc: 232 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 112, 156, 168, 191, Musashi (battleship): sunk, 62 192, 229, 233 ‘Muscovy’: 41 Mauthausen: 39, 88, 90, 103, 173, 180, 234, 241 Muslims: 226, 228, 244 Mediterranean Sea: 80, 81 Mussolini, Benito: 16, 80, 109, 126 Meersburg: bombed, 142 Myitkyina: 187, 199 Meiktila: 57, 199, 226, 227 Melbourne: 63 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation): 219 Meligalas: 162 Nagasaki: 92, 189, 198, 201 Memel (Memelland): 1, 229; becomes Klaipeda, 235; Nancy: 152, 156 Germans expelled from, 236; German war graves at, Nanking: 53, 201 254 Nantes: 11, 13, 117, 143, 152, 160 merchant seamen: 95, 214 Napier: 186 merchant shipping: 5, 28, 30, 36, 52, 65, 67, 70, 81, 83, Naples: 126, 238 116, 119, 131; and ‘Hellships’, 189 Narva: 107, 254 ‘Merrill’s Marauders’: 199 Narvik: 8, 24, 83, 214 Meskhetians: deported, 99 Nassau Point: 232 Metlika: 218 National Republican Greek League: 162 Metz: 170 Natzweiler: 103, 144, 233 Meuse River: 168 Nauru: 201 xxxix Nazi Party: 1, 103 nuclear programmes: 232 Nazi-Soviet Pact: 2 Nuremberg: bombed, 139, 160; post-war trials at, 235, Neheim: 124 241 Netherlands, The: 9, 19, 139, 163, 175, 182, 216; a Nuremberg Laws: 233 beneficiary of Lend Lease, 206; gold stolen from, 217; fate of Jews of, 229, 230; fate of Gypsies of, 233; Oak Ridge (Tennessee): 232 Germans expelled from, 236; a beneficiary of the Oberammergau: 182 Marshall Plan, 243; war dead, 256 Obersalzberg: 154, 219 Netherlands East Indies, The: 54, 55; attacked, 56, 60; Oberursel: 184 refugees from, 67; fate of Jews of, 229, 230; becomes O’Connell, Flight Sergeant Paul: 160 Indonesia, 242; civilian war dead, 255 Ocracoke Island: 251, 252, 253 Neuville-en-Condroz: United States war cemetery at, 248 Oder River: 171, 172, 176, 179, 183 New Britain: 67 Office of Strategic Services (OSS): 152, 192 New Brunswick: 91 Ohio (tanker): survives, 81 Newcastle (Australia): 6, 67 Ohrdruf: 103, 173, 180, 231 Newfoundland: 29, 70, 220; war dead, 257 oil: British destruction of, 11; German search for, 41, 42, New Guinea: 66 113; and Japan, 54, 57; and the war at sea, 70; in the New Orleans: 122, 132 Soviet Union, 75, 111, 113; and Malta, 81; a target, Newport News: 122 142, 157, 158, 177, 203; and the Allied/Axis New York: 122 confrontation, 203, 205 New Zealand: 6, 23, 25, 29, 54; soldiers, sailors and Okinawa: 62, 66, 185, 197, 198 airmen of, war graves and memorials to, 244; war Oklahoma: 94 dead, 255 Olschanetzky, Sonya: executed, 144 New Zealand airmen: 128, 138 Omaha Beach: 149, 151; war graves at, 245 New Zealand troops: 33, 35, 80, 126 Onishi, Vice Admiral Takijiro: 195 Nicaragua: 225 Oolen: 231 nickel: and German raw material needs, 205 Opel: 104 Nicobar Islands: 57 Operation Coronet: 198 Night (Elie Wiesel): 180 Operation Dragoon: 152 ‘Night of the Big Winds’: 139 Operation Dynamo: 10 Nijmegen: 163, 216, 222 Operation Frantic: 158 Nikolaev: 233 Operation Freston: 209 Nisei (Japanese-American soldiers): in action, 211 Operation Gunnerside: 209 Nissenthal, Flight-Sergeant Jack: 87 Operation Hannibal: 172 Noble, Lieutenant Colonel Arthur K.: 192 Operation Longcloth: 187 Non Pladuck: 79 Operation Mincemeat: 118 Noor Inayat Khan: executed, 144 Operation Neptune: 149, 150 Nordhausen: 184, 241 Operation Olympic: 198 Norfolk (Virginia): 122 Operation Overlord: 141 Normandy: war graves and cemeteries in, 245, 246 Operation Pedestal: 81 Normandy Air Squadron: 213 Operation Performance: 209 Normandy Landings: 14, 23, 122; prelude to, 136, 140, Operation Rubble, 209 141, 142, 143, 145, 221; the day of, 148, 149, 150; Operation Sealion: 17 aftermath of, 152, 210; Russian soldiers surrender in, Operation Thursday: 187 176; and Burma, 187; and Enigma, 207; the Polish Oradour-sur-Glane: 156 contribution to, 214: Canadian contribution to, 216 Oradour-sur-Vayre: 156 North Africa: fighting in, 80, 210, 213, 228 Oranienburg: 179, 250 North Cape: 83, 131 Oregon: Japanese balloon-bomb attacks on, 196 Northern Ireland: 36 Orel: 125 Northern Transylvania: 229 Orléans: 143, 160 Norway: conquered, 8, 131; German air bases in, 19; Orpington: 166 British radio stations in, 24; a raid on, 31; German air Osaka: 61, 92, 193 bases in, 83; relief of, 134; and a British deception, Oslo: 8, 24, 26, 107, 117, 218 146; and Tirpitz, 169; and Dresden, 175; and Special Osmington: 72 Operations, 209; fate of Jews of, 229, 230; takes in Osnabrück: bombed, 142; fighting at, 210 Displaced Persons (DPs), 239; a beneficiary of the Ostachkov: 7 Marshall Plan, 243; war graves of servicemen from, Ostarbeiter: 104, 124 26, 244; war dead, 255 Ostvedt, Anne-Sophie: 218 Norwegian Fleet: 6, 26 Ottawa: 220 Norwegian Merchant Navy: 26, 28, 52 Oxford: flying bombs hit, 159; a rocket bomb hits, 166 Norwegian airmen with Bomber Command: 128 Owen Stanley mountain range: 69 Norwegian volunteers with the SS: 73 Norwich: bombed, 21, 77; flying bombs hit, 159; rocket PQ17 Arctic convoy: 83, 169 bombs hit, 166 Pachino: 216 Norylsk: 38, 240 Pacific Ocean: naval battles in, 62, 63; sinkings in, 67; aid Nova Scotia: 26, 119 through, 75; defeat of Japan in, 185 Novgorod: Soviet partisans near, 48; German war graves Pakistan: 242 in, 249 Palembang: 195 Novodevichye Cemetery (Moscow): 164 Palestine: 38, 42, 109, 126, 217 xl Palestinian (Jewish) troops: 37 Polebrook: 123 Pan-American Neutrality Zone: 225 Police Battalions: 97 Panama: 225 Polish airmen: 23, 29, 214 Pantellaria: 126 Polish civilians: 40, 97; as Displaced Persons (DPs), 238 Panzers of Normandy: Then and Now (Eric Lefevre): Polish forces: in Norway, 8, 214; deported, 38; at cited, 246 Arnhem, 161, 214; and a deception plan in Scotland, Papua New Guinea: 69, 212, 242 146; in action throughout Europe, 214, 215; graves of, Paraguay: 225 in Scotland, 247; graves in Germany, 250 Paramushiru Island: 82 Pölitz: bombed, 142, 157 parachutists: 35, 151, 162, 163, 183 Polomka: 209 Paris: Churchill in, 220; occupied, 9, 13; deportations Poltava: 158 from, 107; a fugitive from, 109; a double agent in, Pomerania: 129, 215; Germans expelled from, 236 117; sabotage near, 147; liberated, 152, 153 Poole Harbour: 39 Paris Conference (1947): 243 Port Blair: 57 partisans: throughout Eastern Europe, 97; in Denmark: Port Hope: 232 218; in Greece, 98, 102, 162, 218; in Italy: 218; in Port Moresby: 67, 69 Poland, 101, 106, 108; in the Soviet Union, 48, 50, 85, Port Radium: 232 112, 113, 218; in Yugoslavia: 133, 135, 218, 238; Portnova, Zinaida: 218 in the Far East, 192 Portsmouth: bombed, 21; flying bombs hit, 159; Pas-de-Calais: 141, 143, 145 De Gaulle leaves from, 213 ‘Pat Line’: 39 Portal, Sir Charles: 141 Patras: 162 Portugal: its neutrality, 217; a ‘Righteous’ Portuguese, Patton, General: 168 230; a beneficiary of the Marshall Paulus, General von: 115 Plan, 243 Pavlichenko, Lyudmila: 164 Portuguese Timor: 60; anti-Japanese resistance in, 192; Pearl Harbor: a lesson for, 116; attacked, 55, 56; survivors road to independence of, 242; civilian war dead, 255 of, 58; aftermath of, 63; fate of the architect of, 185 Potsdam Conference: 221, 232, 235 Peenemünde: 165 Potsdam Station (Berlin): 181 Peking (Beijing): 53, 242 Pourville-sur-Mer: 87 Peleliu: 185 Poznan: 171 Peloponnese: 33, 34 Prague: 97, 154, 176, 209, 241 Penang: 186 Presque Isle (Maine): 29 People’s Army Against the Japanese (Philippines): 192 Pridi Phanamyong: leads resistance, 192 People’s Liberation Army (Greece): 162 Prien, Günther: 51 People’s Liberation Army (Yugoslavia): 133 Prijedor: 135 Persian Gulf: 75, 78 Prince of Wales (battleship): sunk, 57 Perth (Scotland): war graves in, 247 Princeton: 232 Peru: 64, 225 Prinz Eugen (cruiser): 36, 71 Pétain, Marshal: 80 prisoners of war: camps, 88, 240; Allied, 80, 88, 124, 128, Peter Silvester (Liberty Ship): 186 139, 162, 174, 189; American, 59, 60, 61, 79, 88, 92, Petsamo: 4 174, 189; Australian, 58, 66, 79, 92, 191; Austrian, Pforzheim: bombed, 128 240; Belgian, 88, 174; British, 10, 57, 58, 74, 79, 87, Phaleron War Cemetery (Athens): 226 88, 92, 124, 174, 191; Canadian: 79, 87, 92, 174; Philadelphia: 122 Chinese, 92; Czechoslovak, 88, 240; Dutch, 60, 79, Philip of Greece, Prince: 35 88, 92, 174; Filipinos, 92; French, 88, 92, 174, 213; Philippines: attacked, 56, 59; Japanese ‘Hellships’ sail German, 31, 72, 80, 87, 89, 93, 94, 95, 115, 153, from, 189; anti-Japanese resistance in, 192; and the air 171, 184, 216, 240; Greek, 88; Hungarian, 115, 240; war, 194; post-war independence of, 242; war dead, Indian, 58, 92, 228; Italian, 80, 89, 93, 94, 95, 115, 255 116, 244; Japanese, 93, 94; Norwegian, 88, 174; Pilsen: 176, 184, 222, 231 Polish, 88, 174, 240, 250; Romanian, 115, 240; Pine Grove: 93 Soviet, 90, 91, 103, 180, 182, 218 Pinguin: 6 Prokhorovka: 125 Pinsk: 100, 112, 209, 249 Prouville: 160 Pittsburg: 122 Puerto Rico: 121 Plaszow: 103, 241 ‘Purple’: and Enigma, 207 Plewman, Eliane: executed, 144 ‘Purple Heart Battalion’: in action, 211 Ploesti: 42, 157, 158 Putin, President: 7 Poix-de-Picardie: 160 Pyrenees: 39 Poland: partitioned, 2, 3; and the Katyn Forest massacre, 7; and Soviet occupation, 40; German occupation of, Quebec: 220, 221, 232 97, 100, 101, 103, 106; forced labourers from, 104; its Queen Elizabeth (battleship): sunk, 116 troops in action, 126, 163; its airmen, in action, 128, Quisling, Vidkun: his regime, 26, 31 130 161; its sailors on D-Day, 149; and the liberation of France, 152; and the Warsaw Uprising, 161; Rabaul: 67, 185, 201 a beneficiary of Lend Lease, 206; its military, naval radar: 51, 72, 87, 130 and air contribution to the war in Europe, 214, 215; ‘Railway of Death’: 79 sabotage in, 218; fate of Jews of, 229, 230; fate of Ramillies (battleship): damaged, 65 Gypsies of, 233; fate of homosexuals from, 234; Ranau: 191 forced to reject Marshall Plan, 243; war dead, 256 Randolph (aircraft carrier): hit, 195 xli Rangoon: 57, 199 Rosenberg, Alfred: 41 Rashid Ali: 37, 109 Rostock: bombed, 76, 136 Rastenburg: Hitler’s headquarters, 91, 125, 154, 172, 219 Rotterdam: 9, 123 Ravenna: 216 Rouen: 11, 123, 141 Ravensbrück: 103, 144, 172, 173, 183, 218 Rowden, Diane: executed, 144 Rauca, Helmut: 241 Royal Air Force: Coastal Command, 6, 23, 36, 66; raw materials: 190, 203, 204, 205, 225 and the Battle of Britain, 17, 18; non-British airmen Rawalpindi (armed merchant cruiser): 131 in, 23; munitions for, 27; and the Atlantic Ferry Reading: bombed, 21; rocket bombs hit, 166 Organisation, 29; in India and the Far East, 57; and Reagan, President Ronald: 64 Malta, 81; and Dieppe, 86; prisoners of war from, 88; Recife: 225 and Italy, 116; and northern Europe, 123; and the V-1 Red Cross: 89, 92 flying bomb, 159; and the Warsaw Uprising, 161; and ‘Red Raiders’: operate from the Philippines, 194 a German counter-attack, 170; and Dresden, 175; and Red October Factory (Stalingrad): 114 Gelsenkirchen, 176; in Burma, 188, 199; war graves refugees: 67; fighting against Germany, 210 of, in the United States, 251; home towns of airmen Reggio di Calabria: 216 killed in the United States, 252, 253 see also index Reggio Emilia: 238 entry for Bomber Command Reich Labour Service: 14 Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve: 252, 253 Reichstag (Berlin): 181 Royal Australian Air Force: 57, 66 Reichs Chancellery: 181, 219 Royal Australian Navy: 30, 66 Reichswald Forest War Cemetery: 250 Royal Canadian Air Force: 29, 86, 216 Reik, Havivah: 218 Royal Canadian Navy: 20, 91 Reims: German Unconditional Surrender at, 182, 184 Royal Engineers: 11, 31 Rejewski, Marian: 207, 215 Royal Navy: and the Dunkirk evacuation, 10: munitions Remagen: 153, 166, 171, 222 for, 27; and the Arctic convoys, 46; and the Indian Rennes: 13, 143, 152, 214 Ocean, 57, 186; at Dieppe, 86: and the Normandy Repulse (battle cruiser): sunk, 58 Landings, 149, 150 Resistance movements: 14, 126, 218, 230 Royal Marine Commando: 87 Rethondes, 13, 15 Royal Netherlands Navy: 20, 149 Reutlingen: 250 Royal Norwegian Navy: 20, 26, 149 Reveille: 226 Royal Oak (battleship): sunk, 51 Rheydt: 124 Royal Observer Corps: 18 Rhine River: crossed by American troops, 166, 171; Royal Odnance factories: 27 crossed by British troops, 171, 220, 250 Rozycki, Jerzy: and Enigma, 207 Rhineland: 1, 210 rubber: 54, 121 Rhodes: 107, 229, 230 Rudelatt, Yvonne: executed, 144 Rhodesian airmen: 128, 138 Rudlicki, Jerzy: his invention, 215 Rhodesian troops: 32, 65 Ruhr, the: 90, 124 Rhuddlan: 186 Russian Federation: 230, 249 Richard Montgomery (Liberty Ship): 132 Russian civilian victims: 97 Riga: 153, 254 Russian Liberation Army (ROA): 176, 228 ‘Righteous Among The Nations’: 230 Ruthenia: 229 Rimini: 153, 238 Ruweisat Ridge: 226 Rio de Janeiro: 225 Rzhev: 249 Rivers, Staff Sergeant Ruben: 212 Rivet, Elise: 218 SS: volunteers in, 73, 129, 181; Police Battalions work Rjukan: 231 with, 97; in Greece, 98; and the Einsatzgruppen killing ‘Road of Death’ (Leningrad): 47 squads, 100; concentration camps run by, 103; Robert J. Walker (Liberty Ship): 186 massacres by, 156, 168 Robota, Rosa: 218 Saar: 1 Rocky Mountains: 68 Saarbrücken: bombed, 142 Rolfe, Lilian: executed, 144 sabotage: 147, 218 Romania: and German raw material needs, 205; fate of Sabre (destroyer): 10 Jews of, 229, 230; the fate of the Gypsies of, 233; Sachsenhausen: 1, 90, 103, 172, 173, 250 abolishes monarchy, 235; Germans expelled from, Sackville Landing: 26 236; war dead, 256 Sagan: 88, 174 Romanian internees: 96 Sage: Polish war graves at, 250 Romanian troops: in the Soviet Union, 43, 115 St Avold: United States war cemetery at, 248 Rome: 107, 126; liberated, 148 St James: United States war cemetery at, 248 Rommel, General Erwin: 80, 109, 118, 154, 207 St Keverne: 23 Roosevelt, President Franklin D.: quoted, 55, 81, 116; St Laurent: United States war cemetery at, 245, 248 and the bombing of Japan, 61; and internment, St Lawrence River: 70 64; Churchill’s messages to, 71, 141; and the St Lo (aircraft carrier): sunk, 195 Alaska-Canada Highway, 82; and Liberia, 121; and St Louis: 232 Liberty Ships, 132; and the Normandy Landings, 141; St Nazaire: 11, 36, 70, 152; raid on, 74; bombing of, 123 and the Warsaw Uprising, 161; and Denmark, 183; St Omer: 123 and Japan, 202; his meetings with Churchill, 220, 232; St Trond: 170 and wartime conferences, 221; and the United States St Tropez: 220 nuclear programme, 232; and war crimes trials, 241 Saigon: 201 xlii Saipan: 197 Silesia: Germans expelled from, 236 Sakhalin: 202, 240 Silgailis, Arturs: 129 Salerno: 122, 211 Silver, Lynette: 191 Salonika: 33, 34, 107, 162 Simferopol: 233 Salzbergen: 177 Singapore: 57, 58, 92, 186, 201, 226, 227, 242; war Sandakan Death Marches: 191 cemeteries in, 244; civilian war dead, 255 San Francisco: 221 Sino-American Cooperative Organization (SACO): 192 Sapirstein, Regina: 218 Skaggerak: 183 Sarajevo: 33, 109 Slapton Sands: 140 Sarawak: 242 slave labour: 14, 79, 88, 91, 103, 104, 110, 172, 173, 191 Sardinia: 118, 126 Slim, General: 199 Sark: 224 Slovakia: 218, 230, 233 Saudi Arabia: 37, 206 Slovenia: 133, 135, 230 Savage, Sister Eileen: 67 Slovenski Gradek: 184 Savernay: 74 Smolensk: 7, 100, 112, 154 Scandinavian volunteers with the SS: 73 snipers: 164 Scapa Flow: 51, 169 Sobibor: 91, 103, 108, 233, 241 Scharnhorst (battlecruiser): 46, 71, 131, 207 Soerabaja: 186 Schiff 26: captured, 208 ‘soft underbelly’ (of the Axis): 220 Schlüsselberg: 176 Solomon Islands: 67 Schmeling, Max: 35 Sommocolonia: 212 Schnaufer, Heinz-Wolfgang: 170 Sonoma (ocean tug): sunk, 195 Scholl, Hans: 218 Sorpe Dam: 124 Scholl, Inge: 218 South Africa: war dead, 257 Scholl, Sophie: 218 South African airmen: 128, 130, 161 Schuster Line defences: 14 South African troops: 65, 80 Schweinfurt: 160 South America: 217 Schwerin: 129 South of France landings (1944): 122, 152, 155, 211, 213, Scotland: German bomber flight paths to, 19; German 220, 221 bombing raids on, 21; landing craft built in, 134; Southampton: bombed, 21; flying bombs hit, 159 deceiving the Germans in, 146; an attack on Tirpitz Soviet Arctic: 99 from, 169; a German bomber defects to, 182; an Soviet Central Asia: 38, 45, 75, 99 Enigma machine recovered off, 208; Polish war graves Soviet Union: and Poland, 2, 7, 40; and eastern Europe, 3; in, 247; home towns of airmen killed while training in and Finland, 4; and German ambitions, 41; German the United States, 253 invasion of, 43, 50; moves factories, 45, 50; and the Sebastopol: 43, 50, 164 Arctic convoys, 46, 83; and the partisan war, 48, ‘Second Front’: 220 84, 85, 112; and Anglo-American aid, 75, 83; and Sehmer, Major John: 209 American aid, 78; deports nationalities, 99; and the Seki, Lieutenant Yukio: 195 continuing German attacks, 111, 113, 114, 115, 125; Semic: 133 and Stalingrad, 111, 113, 114, 115, 218, 240; and Senegal: 121, 213 Italy, 115, 116; and the turn of the tide in the East, Senegalese troops: 65 125; and Yugoslav partisans, 133; and the summer Senesh, Hannah: 218 1944 offensive, 153; and Allied bombing targets, Seraph (submarine): 118 158; women snipers from, 164; and the defeat Serbia: 133, 135, 230, 233 of Germany, 171, 179, 182; and Vlasov’s Army, Serbs: 103 176; and the fall of Berlin, 181; its designs on ‘Set Europe ablaze’: 209 Denmark, foiled, 183; removes German scientists, Shanghai: 53, 200 184; invades Japanese-occupied Manchuria, 201, 202; Shanina, Roza: 164 confrontation with the United States, 201, 202; and Sheffield, Sergeant Jack: 160 Korea, 202; and oil, 203; and steel, 204; a beneficiary Sheffield, Jim: 160 of Lend Lease, 206; Polish forces support, 215; fate of Shelepin, Alexander: 7 Jews in, 229; fate of Gypsies in, 233; and Germany’s ‘Shetland Bus’: 209 nuclear quest, 231; and the post-war borders and Shikoku: 198 divisions of Europe, 235; Germans expelled from, 236; Shingle Street: 17 German prisoners of war in, 240; opposes Marshall Short, Nelson: 191 Plan, 243; German war graves on former soil of, 254; Siauliai: 100, 254 war dead, 256 Siberia: 38, 45, 99, 240 Spain: 39, 74; and German raw material needs, 205; its Sibuyan Sea: 62 neutrality, 217; rescuers (of Jews) in, 230; German Sicily: 118, 122, 125, 126, 210, 216, 220, 226 expellees in, 236; war dead, 256 Sidi Barrani: 226 Spanish Civil War: 234 Siemens: 104 Spanish Legion: 43 Siena: 153 Spanish Republicans: 103, 234 Signals Intelligence: 22, 31, 51, 52, 63, 71, 118, 119, 120, Spanish volunteers with the SS: 73 131, 182, 183; its global effectiveness, 207; and the Spatz, Sergeant Harold A.: 61 search for Enigma machines and codebooks, 208 Special Operations Executive (SOE): 147, 152, 155, 162, Sikhs: 188, 226, 244 192; its European operations, 209 Sikorski, General: 38 Speer, Albert: warns Hitler, 205 ‘Silent Otto’: 91 Speyer: 212 xliii Spitzbergen: 169 Teheran: 38, 220, 221 Stadtilm: 231 ‘Teheran Children’: 38 Stalin, Josef V.: 3, 7, 38, 99, 161, 183, 202, 214, 220, Tel Aviv: 109 221, 241, 243 Templeton’s Crossing: 69 Stalingrad: 75, 111, 113; battle for, 114, 115, 218; Terrell (Texas): 251, 252, 253 German soldiers captured at, 240 Thanbyuzayat: 79 ‘Stalingrad of the East’: 188 Thailand (Siam): 56, 92, 242; anti-Japanese resistance in, Stamsund: 31 192; war dead, 255 Starobielsk: 7 Theresienstadt: 103, 173 Stauffenberg, Colonel Claus von: 154 Thielbeck (ocean liner): sunk, 182 Stavanger: 30 Thomas, Captain Charles L.: 212 steel: 204, 205 Thrace: 229 Steenbergen: 124 Timor: 66 Stephen Hopkins (Liberty Ship): 132 Tinian: 185, 197, 201 Stephenville: 29 Tirpitz (battleship): 74, 83, 169, 207 Stettin (Szczecin): 235 Titanic: 132, 182 Sticpewich, Bill: 191 Tito (Josip Broz): 132 Stier (commerce raider): sunk, 132 Tobruk: 66, 80, 214 Stockholm: 209 Tokei Tai (Special Naval Police): 200 Strasbourg: 156 Tokyo: 61, 82; prisoner-of-war camps in, 92; Stroop, Jürgen: 241 intensification of bombing of, 193, 197; plans Student, General Kurt: 35 to invade, 198 Stulpnagel, General von: 154 Tokyo Bay: 201 Sturm, Baron von: 77 Tone (heavy cruiser): sunk, 62 Stuttgart: bombed, 76, 136, 160; anti-Nazi leaflets in, 218 Topusko: 209 Stutthof: 103, 172, 173 Torgau: 182 Subhas Chandra Bose: 207, 227, 228 Tours: 141, 143, 152, 160 submarine warfare: 51, 52, 55, 65, 67, 70, 83 Townsville: 67 Sudetenland: 1, 236 Toyama: bombed, 193 Suez Canal: 42, 80, 207 Tractor Factory (Stalingrad): 114 Suez War (1956): 195 Tramonti: 210 suicide attacks: 62 Trans-Siberian railway: 44 Sumatra: 60, 92 Transylvania: 236 Summers, Flight Sergeant Arthur: 160 Treblinka: 103, 108, 233 Sundowner (yacht): 10 Trieste: 126, 133 Sutan Sujahir: leads resistance, 192 Trikala: 102, 162 Svolvaer: 31 Truk: 62 Swanton Morley: 123 Truman, President Harry S.: and the United States nuclear Sweden: and German raw material needs, 8, 205; and programme, 232; signs Displaced Persons (DP) Act, Special Operations, 209; its neutrality, 217; rescuers 239; and post-war communism, 243 (of Jews) in, 230; a beneficiary of the Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine: 243 243; civilian war dead, 256 Tulagi: 67 Swedish iron ore: 8, 205 tungsten: and German raw material needs, 205 Swedish volunteers with the SS: 73 Tunis: 80 Swiatecki, Wladyslaw: 215 Tunisia: 80, 118, 126 Swinemünde: bombed, 128; prisoners of war evacuated to, Turin: 116 174 Turkestan: 41 Switzerland: 72, 109, 228; its neutrality, 217; rescuers Turkey: 42, 78, 230; and German raw material needs, (of Jews) in, 230; a beneficiary of the Marshall Plan, 205, 217; the nature of its neutrality, 217; and the 243 Truman Doctrine, 243; a beneficiary of the Marshall Sword Beach: 150, 151, war graves near, 245 Plan, 243 Sydney: 6, 67, 244 ‘Tuskegee Airmen’: in action, 212 Sydney, HMAS: sunk, 30, 66, 67 Tutow: bombed, 142 Syria: 37, 42, 213, 226 Szabo, Violette: executed, 144 U-boats: 23, 31, 172, 225 and the Arctic convoys, 46, 83, 169 and the Battle of the Atlantic, 51, 52, 70, 119, 120 Tailfingen: 231 in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, 186, 207 Taipei: 242 U-33: sunk, 208 Taiwan (Formosa): 189, 195, 227, 242 U-110: captured, 208 Takao: 189 U-205: captured, 208 Takata, Joe: killed in action, 211 U-234: sails for Japan, 231 Tallin: 100, 254 U-505: captured, 208 tanks: in the Arctic convoys, 46, 83; on the Eastern Front, U-536: sunk, 91 45, 50; at Dieppe, 87; at the Battle of Kursk, 125; U-559: captured, 208 and the future of Denmark, 183; in Manchuria, 202; U-783: sails for Japan, 231 and oil, 203; an invention for, 215; and a German Ukraine: 41, 75, 84, 112; and German raw material needs, tank ace, 246 205; rescuers (of Jews) in, 230; German war graves in, Taranto: 116, 126 249 Taukkyan: war memorial at, 244 Ukrainian National Army: 238 xliv Ukrainians: deported, 38, 104, killed, 124; as volunteers, Vaulot, Eugene: 181 73, 97; as Displaced Persons (DPs), 238 Veghel: 163 Ultra: and Enigma, 207 Vemork: 209 Ulrych-Ulenski, Officer Cadet: 247 Venezuela: 225, 239 Umobara: 198 Venice: 182 Unconditional Surrender (of Germany): 182, 184, 220, Versailles Treaty: 1 221 Viareggio: 212 Underwood (air base): 123 Vichy France: 15, 37, 65, 80, 213, 217, 234 United Nations: 220, 221 Vichy Militia: 228 United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration Victoria Cross: 74, 124, 137, 169 (UNRRA): 237 Victorious (aircraft carrier): 83, 169 United States: liberators, 14, 180; aid to Britain from, 20, Vienna: 154, 157, 218, 230 52; and the Atlantic Ferry Command, 29; and the Vietnam: 242 Arctic convoys, 46; and convoy escorts, 51; and Vietnam War: 93, 242 Japan, 54; and Pearl Harbor, 55; at war with Japan, Villers-Bocage: 210, 246 55, 56, 59, 61, 62, 63, 82; at war with Germany, Vilna (Vilnius): 164, 235, 254 70; aid to the Soviet Union from, 75, 78; and the Visegrad: 209 Aleutian Islands, 82; prisoner-of-war camps in, 93, 94; Vitebsk: 218 internment in, 96; and war crimes trials, 100; and the Vivacious (destroyer): 195 Battle of the Atlantic, 119; and the South Atlantic air Vladivostok: 61 supply route, 121; builds Liberty Ships, 132; and the Vlasov, General: 176 Normandy Landings, 140, 149, 150; and a bombing Vo Nguen Giap: leads resistance, 192 raid on Budapest, 158; and German scientists, 182; Volga Germans: 99 and the first steps of the Cold War, 183; and German Volga River: 75, 111, 113, 114 scientists, 182, 184; victory in the Pacific, 185, Völkenrode: 184 186, 190; Japanese balloon-bomb attacks on, 196; Volksdeutsch (Ethnic Germans): 106, 239 confrontation with the Soviet Union, 201, 202; and Vokuta: 38, 240 Korea, 202; and oil, 203; and steel, 204; and Lend Voronezh: 164 Lease, 206; and Latin America, 225; and Germany’s Vyazma: 249 nuclear quest, 231; its own nuclear programme, 232; and the post-war division of Europe, 235; German Walcheren: 222 expellees reach, 236; takes in Displaced Persons (DPs), Walker, Commander F.J.: 52 239; promotes the Marshall Plan, 243; servicemen ‘walkie-talkie’: 215 from, their war graves in Europe, 248; war cemeteries Wallenberg, Raoul: 217 in, of British airmen killed while training, 251; Walloon volunteers with the SS: 73 American war dead on all fronts and theatres of war, war crimes trials: 59, 97, 100, 109, 176, 225, 235, 241 257 war graves: 140, 160, 164, 188, 214, 224, 226, 244, 245, United States Army: 64, 86; as a liberator, 88, 180, 234; 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 254 and a deception plan in Scotland, 146: troops of, at war memorials: 226, 244 Arnhem, 163; cross the Rhine, 166; in the Ardennes, Warnemünde: evacuees reach, 172 168; enter Cologne, 177, 178; liberate concentration Warsaw: 2, 108, 156; uprising in (1944), 158, 161, 218; camps, 180, 234; inventions for, 215 liberated, 215 United States Army Air Force: 61, 79, 116, 123, 127, Warsaw Ghetto: 108, 241 142; and Bomber Command, 128; and the Warsaw Washington DC: 118; an annual ceremony in, 180; Uprising, 161; and German defences, 167; and a Churchill in, 220; conferences at, 221: and the United German counter-attack, 170; and Dresden, 175; faces States nuclear programme, 232 a German counter-attack, 178; shoots down German Watson, Private George: his bravery, 212 jet aircraft, 179; shoots down Admiral Yamamoto, Weisblum, Esther: 218 185; in Burma, 187; and Japanese ‘Hellships’, 189; Wellington (New Zealand): 6 and the Japanese merchant fleet, 190; and the bombing Wendisch Evern: 182 of Japan, 193; operates from the Philippines, 194; and Wendover Field (Utah): 232 the kamikaze, 195 Werl: 103, 180 United States Coastguard: 251 Wesel: bombed, 177 United States Eight Air Force: 123, 127, 130, 136, 167, West, Flight Sergeant Andrew: 160 178 West African troops: 244 United States Rangers: 87 West Germany: 240; a beneficiary of the Marshall Plan, United States Strategic Air Force: 136 243; Urals: 41, 45, 75 West Pakistan: 242 uranium: 222, 231, 232 West Palm Beach (airfield): 121 Uruguay: 225 Western Desert: fighting in, 38, 42, 66, 89, 207, 214, Ustace militia: 133 226 Utah Beach: 140, 149, 151 Wiant, Staff Sergeant J.W.: 29 Uzice: 209 Wiesel, Elie: 180 Wildflecken: Polish war graves at, 250 V-1 (flying bomb): 159 Wilhelm Gustloff (ocean liner): sunk, 172 V-2 (rocket bomb): 163, 165, 166 Wilhelmshaven: 71, 131, 169, 214 Valga: 254 Wingate, Major General Orde: 187 Valiant (battleship): sunk, 116 Wisliceny, Dieter: 109 Valley (airfield): 121 Wismar: 183, 216 Vancouver: 68 Wittman, Michael: 246 xlv ‘wolf’: and the names of Hitler’s headquarters: 219 Yamato (battleship): sunk, 62 women: training in Canada, 25; munitions workers in Yokohama: bombed, 193; Allied war graves in, 244 Britain, 27; British agents, 144, 155; Soviet snipers, York: bombed, 21, 77 164; Japanese ‘comfort women’, 200; twenty-four ‘Young Avengers’: 218 women fighters, 218; and a women’s combat unit, 227 Yugoslavia: 33, 34, 97, 101, 133, 135, 162, 184; a Women’s Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF): 128 beneficiary of Lend Lease, 206; fate of Jews of, 229, Women’s Auxiliary Service: 199 230; post-war borders of, 235; Germans expelled Women’s Sabotage Unit (Poland): 218 from, 236; war dead, 256 Worth Maltravers: 72 Yugoslavs: as Displaced Persons (DPs), 237, 238 Wurzburg: bombed, 128 Wuppertal: bombed, 128, 142 Zagreb: 133, 135 Wycombe Abbey: 123 Zamboanga: 189 Zamosc region (Poland): 105, 106 ‘XD’ Operation: destruction of oil stocks, 11 Zawadzka, Anna: 218 Xanten: bombed, 142 Zeitz: bombed, 142 Zhitomir: 249 Yad Vashem (Jerusalem): 230 Ziereis, Franz: 234 Yagodnik: 169 Zinchenko, Colonel: in Berlin, 181 Yalta Agreement: 183, 236 Zon: captured, 163 Yalta Conference: 175, 202, 220, 221 Zossen: 208 Yamamoto, Admiral: 185, 207 Zygalski, Henryk: and Enigma, 207

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