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Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47972-1 — Violence in Defeat Bastiaan Willems Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47972-1 — Violence in Defeat Bastiaan Willems Index More Information Index Aachen, 228–31 Berlin, 32, 37, 63, 136, 156, 158, 166–73, Agriculture, 62, 202, 287 207, 212, 275, 297 Agricultural heritage, 26 Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von, 135 Blut und Boden,26 Białystok, 58 wartime changes to, 31 Black Sea, 126 Albertus University, 27, 58, 154, 177, Blockwarte, 260 200, 261 Bolshevism, 40, 43, 59, 60, 64, 66, 69, 72, Allenstein, 29, 124, 198, 297 95–6, 147, 167, 180, 182, 185, 265, Alter Kämpfer, 24, 145 290, 296 Area of operations, 45, 80, 86, 99, 118, 139, Boredom, 70 195, 240, 263, 280, 292 Bormann, Martin, 44, 54, 139, 142, 150, ARLZ-measures, 85, 141, 195, 198, 196, 213, 277 201, 240 Braemer, Walter, 146 as military necessity, 71–80, 88, 90, 110, Brandt, Rudolf, 203 113, 189, 192, 201, 205, 289 Breslau, 145, 176 Demolition, 199–200 Brest-Litovsk, 46 Deportation, 86 British invasion measures, 46 Desert zones, 88, 197 Bryansk, 84 Destruction, 83–9, 118, 151, Bund Deutscher Osten,27 197–201, 205 Führerbefehl 4, 85 Capitulation, 106, 171, 231–9, 268, 293 Nero Decree. See Nero Decree Caucasus, 78 Scorched earth, 88–9, 113 Cherkasy, 83 Artillery, 76, 121, 123, 133, 167, 199, 215, Chernyakhovsky, Ivan, 54 227, 238, 266, 282 Churchill, Winston, 99, 177 Naval artillery, 213 Cinemas, 29, 168, 261, 294 shelling, 113, 132, 200, 228, 237, 297 Cities, 25, 41 Athens, 230 as Festung. See Festung Atomisation of warfare, 226 as Rassengrab, 117 Auftragstaktik, 74, 207, 217 at Total War, 116–21 Guidelines for the preparation Baden, Max von, 98 and conduct of defence of cities, Bagramyan, Ivan, 54, 233 131, 263 Baltic Sea, 54, 105, 151, 191, 199, in the Soviet Union, 86, 118–19 211, 213 Urbanisation, 31, 62, 115–16, 119, Baltic states, 77, 125 123, 157 Banal nationalism, 159, 164, 187 Clausewitz, Carl von, 122–3 Barbarossa Decree, 73–4 Collaboration, 87 Baumgarten, Eduard, 177 between army and Party, 45, 46, BDO (Bund Deutscher Offiziere), 231 54, 152, 159–65, 292 Beer-Hall putsch, 91 Collective punishment, 87, 251 Belorussia, 115, 125, 196, 197, 272 Commissar order, 75, 89 339 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47972-1 — Violence in Defeat Bastiaan Willems Index More Information 340 Index Cowardice, 60, 104, 150, 246, 250, 252, Estonia, 24, 87, 233 257, 263, 268, 281–2, 294 Etappe, 202, 205 Crimea, 78 Evacuation, 46, 54, 228, 275 Crimean War, 122 Air war evacuees, 32 Criminal orders, 7, 40, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, and the Kriegsmarine, 191, 209–11 80, 89, 195, 226, 231, 284, 288, 294 and the Wehrmacht, 85–9, 113, 189, Cromwell, Oliver, 1–2 191–8, 203–5, 230, 242, 292 Cumulative radicalisation, 71, 194, 214, by rail, 149, 207–8, 221, 293 226, 229, 242, 285, 293, 295 by sea, 207, 211, 212, 215, 221, 222, 293 Czechoslovakia, 39, 110, 190 Cattle, 193, 240, 260 Delineation Party and Wehrmacht, Danzig, 39, 125, 182, 191, 200, 209, 210, 189–90 212, 219, 221, 223 Early war years, 190–1 Defeatism, 50, 134, 142, 143, 198, 229, France 1940, 60 239, 249, 294, 296, 298 from East Prussia, 59–61, 188–242 Deime river, 148, 209, 228 Moral devaluation, 189, 195, 197 Demmin, 61 of Königsberg. See Königsberg, Denmark, 112, 151, 209, 210, 212, 224 Evacuation of Deputy Gauleiter, 150, 171, 229, 241 of military personnel, 105, 191, 207, Desertion, 77, 104, 204, 233, 244–9, 221 254–8, 263, 268, 276–81, 283, 294 Trecks, 197–8 Die Deutsche Wochenschau, 179 Expulsion, 189, 197, 286 Die Festung Königsberg, 158 Expellee organisations, 15 Die Samlandfront, 180 Die Sturmglocke, 176 Falkenhayn, Erich von, 134–5 Dieckert, Kurt, 196 Fall-where-you-stand orders, 126, 232 Dijon, 148 Farmers, 26, 29, 31, 62, 95, 122, 192 Dnieper–Carpathian Offensive, 87 Fear, 3, 20–2, 39, 57, 72, 75, 92, 110, 117, Dnipropetrovsk, 117 161, 182, 190, 213, 256, 263, Dönitz, Karl, 105, 209–13 280, 281 Dorfmüller, Friedrich, 201, 229 Fears of Party and army, 239, 241, 255 Draeger, Max, 32, 203 Fears of the army, 138, 145, 204, 247 Duisburg, 11–12 Fears of the Party, 134–6, 221, 285 Dumas, Alexandre, 1, 2 of the Soviets, 48, 60, 96, 182, 186, Durchhalten, 103, 187, 288 263, 274 Durchhalte-orders, 65, 127, 235 Repetition of 1918, 38, 263, 284 Dysentery, 220 Strength through fear, 59 Dzubba, Bruno, 213 Feldgendarmerie, 254, 278 Feldjäger, 246–7 East Prussian Offensive, 5, 51, 55, 56, 109, Feldpost, 204 159, 165, 207, 214, 240, 247, 256, Festung 288, 296 as metaphor, 123–4 Ebert, Friedrich, 135 Cities Einsatzgruppen, 35, 69 Aachen, 120 Einsatzgruppe A, 146 Babruysk, 126 Elbing, 29, 160, 200, 208, 209, 218, 298 Berlin, 140 Elisabeth I of Russia, 171 Bobruisk, 84 Endphaseverbrechen (Crimes of the final Breslau, 120, 130, 140, 150 phase), 4 Budapest, 234 Endsieg (Final victory), 187 Danzig, 130, 140 Entente, 47, 98 Frankfurt am Oder, 140 Epidemics, 220 Glogau, 140 Erfassungskommandos, 201 Gotenhafen, 140 Eske, Kurt, 154 Graudenz, 140 Esser, Hermann, 175 Kolberg, 130 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47972-1 — Violence in Defeat Bastiaan Willems Index More Information Index 341 Lötzen, 119, 140, 297 Frontkämpferbewusstsein,82 Memel, 297 Funk, Walther, 26 Metz, 120 Mogilev, 126 Gadolla, Josef Ritter von, 228 Olmütz, 140 Gau Oppeln, 140 Gau Ostpreussen,24 Posen, 140 Köln-Aachen, 200 Pressburg, 140 Ostpreussen, 50, 177 Schneidemühl, 140 Weser-Ems, 102 Stettin, 130 Gauleiter, 24 Thorn, 140 Eggeling, Joachim, 139, 276 Vitebsk, 84, 126 Hanke, Karl, 150 Festung Europa, 125 Kaufmann, Karl, 210 Festungsbeauftragte der NSDAP (Fortress- Koch, Erich. See Koch, Erich commissioner of the NSDAP), 141 Gaupropagandaleiter, 185 Fortress belt, 132–3, 170 Gebietsegoismus,44 Fortress staff, 126, 138, 141, 155–6, 158, Gemeinschaft (Community), 23 221, 233, 237, 251–2, 264, 290 German army formations Fortress strategy, 120, 121–34, 157, Armee-Abteilung 232, 252 Armee-Abteilung “Samland”, 215 Königsberg, 117, 130, 140, 244 Armies Festungsdienst (Fortress service), Armee Ostpreußen, xvi, 102, 109 265–9 Eighteenth Army, 138, 148 Festungsgemeinschaft (Fortress Fifteenth Army, 142 community), 265 Fourth Army, xvi, 80, 100, 111, 218, Siege, 116, 143, 150, 152, 156, 232, 297, 298 172–87, 207, 212, 251–83 Ninth Army, 126 Storming and surrender, 227–39 Sixteenth Army, 138 Ostfestungen, 129, 131, 133 Third Panzer Army, 49, 54, 83, Pillau, 222 100, 197 Supply, 126, 130 Twentieth Mountain Army, 191 War Directive 53, 122, 126, 131, 289 Army Groups Finland, 105, 191 Army Group A, 119 First World War, 20–4, 44, 53, 64, 77, 97, Army Group B, 234 107–8, 132–5, 144, 229–30 Army Group Centre, 50, 58, 83, 85, Battle of Tannenberg, 21 86, 100, 111, 119, 126, 196 Memories of, 39, 41, 82, 106, 109, 140, Army Group Kurland, 210 144, 289 Army Group North, 111 Winter Battle of the Masurian Lakes, 21 Army Group South, 51 Fischhausen, 164, 220 Army Group Vistula, 213, 221 Florence, 230 Corps Forced labour, 34–5, 44, 48, 49, 62, IX Korps, 191, 192, 201, 202 63, 78, 79, 87, 111, 168, LXIV. Korps, 148 287, 288 XXVIII Korps, 180 Forward panic, 250 Corps-Detachments France, 39, 98, 112, 117, 148, 228 Korps-Abteilung D, 83 Fall of France, 40, 95, 128 Korps-Abteilung H, 85 Fraueneinsatz, 267 Divisions Freikorps, 135, 144, 229, 290 116th Panzer-Division Freikorps Himburg, 144 (Windhund-Division), 230 Friedrich Wilhelm III, 170, 176 1st Infanterie-Division, 56, 83, 87, Frische Haff lagoon, 160, 209, 99–102, 146, 153, 155, 165, 170, 218, 298 217, 252–4, 256, 271, 273, 290, 299 Frische Nehrung, 223 217th Infanterie-Division, 147, 148, 155 Frischung-Kanal-position, 50 21st Infanterie-Division, 100, 102 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47972-1 — Violence in Defeat Bastiaan Willems Index More Information 342 Index German army formations (cont.) Grossherr, Ferdinand, 150, 171, 229, 241 286th Sicherungs-Division, 56, Guderian, Heinz, 47, 51, 52, 127–33, 80, 102 142, 206 349th Volksgrenadier Division, 100–3, and Festungen, 130, 141, 143, 152 148, 208 appointed Chief of Staff OKH, 129 367th Infanterie-Division, 102, 165, Gumbinnen, 297 217, 219 Gumbinnen Operation, 54, 59, 287 541st Volksgrenadier-Division, 111 Gürtner, Franz, 276 551st Volksgrenadier-Division, 297 561st Volksgrenadier-Division, 100, Halder, Franz, 71, 75 101, 176, 217, 254 Hannibal, 172 56th Infanterie-Division, 83, 84, Harlan, Veit, 172 85, 102 Hartmann, Julius von, 73 58th Infanterie-Division, 87 Heiligenbeil Pocket, 219, 220, 223, 298 5th Panzer-Division, 99, 102, 110, Heilsberg, 124 165, 185, 208, 217, 217, 236, Heilsberg-Deime-position, 50 237, 271 Heilsberger Dreieck, 130 61st Infanterie-Division, 100, 101 Heimat, 26, 47, 62, 99, 100, 137, 144, 168 69th Infanterie-Division, 83, 87, 102, defence of, 101, 102, 110, 114, 129, 157, 165, 217, 219, 237 168, 205, 226, 252, 274, 276 95th Infanterie-Division, 83–5, 88 Heimat- und Deutschtumsverbände, 26 Grossdeutschland, 82, 124, 188, 255 Heimatgefühl,80 German High Command, 46–8, 65, 71, 82, Troops’ doubts about, 93–4 85, 89, 100, 112, 123, 127, 130, 148, Heimbach hydroelectric power station, 200 157, 198, 201, 206–7, 234, 240, Hela, 200 246–7, 288, 297 Hellwig, Otto, 223 as scapegoat, 206, 217, 222 Heroes, 91, 109, 135, 163, 176, Interference in German politics, 134–6 177, 291 OKH (Oberkommando des Heeres), 47, 50, Heldengreifkommandos, 256 71, 83, 97, 127–9, 140, 218, 227, Heroes Rememberance Day, 109 241, 248–9, 253 heroism, 97, 228, 229, 274 Abteilung Landesbefestigung, 129 Heydekrug, 54 OKW (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht), Heysing, Günther, 164, 185, 252, 270 47, 194, 207, 211, 219, 231, 234, Himmler, Heinrich, 47, 121, 124, 241, 247 142, 182, 203, 213, 223, 230, OKW-Feldjäger.
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