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NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

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NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 1 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 @S0002-7537~90!01201-X# The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ~GSFC! The civil service scientific staff consists of Dr. Mario Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics ~LEP! performs Acun˜a, Dr. John Allen, Dr. Robert Benson, Dr. Thomas Bir- experimental and theoretical research on the heliosphere, the mingham, Dr. Gordon Bjoraker, Dr. John Brasunas, Dr. interstellar medium, and the magnetospheres and upper David Buhl, Dr. Leonard Burlaga, Dr. Gordon Chin, Dr. Re- atmospheres of the planets, including Earth. LEP space gina Cody, Dr. Michael Collier, Dr. John Connerney, Dr. scientists investigate the structure and dynamics of the Michael Desch, Mr. Fred Espenak, Dr. Joseph Fainberg, Dr. magnetospheres of the planets including Earth. Their Donald Fairfield, Dr. William Farrell, Dr. Richard Fitzenre- research programs encompass the magnetic fields intrinsic to iter, Dr. Michael Flasar, Dr. Barbara Giles, Dr. David Gle- many planetary bodies as well as their charged-particle nar, Dr. Melvyn Goldstein, Dr. Joseph Grebowsky, Dr. Fred environments and plasma-wave emissions. The LEP also Herrero, Dr. Michael Hesse, Dr. Robert Hoffman, Dr. conducts research into the nature of planetary ionospheres Donald Jennings, Mr. Michael Kaiser, Dr. John Keller, Dr. and their coupling to both the upper atmospheres and their Alexander Klimas, Dr. Theodor Kostiuk, Dr. Brook Lakew, magnetospheres. Finally, the LEP carries out a broad-based Dr. Ronald Lepping, Dr. Robert MacDowall, Dr. William research program in heliospheric physics covering the Maguire, Dr. Marla Moore, Dr. David Nava, Dr. Larry Nit- origins of the solar wind, its propagation outward through tler, Dr. Walter Payne, Dr. John Pearl, Dr. Robert Pfaff, Dr. the solar system all the way to its termination where it Dennis Reuter, Dr. D. Aaron Roberts, Dr. Paul Romani, Dr. encounters the local interstellar medium. Special emphasis is Robert Samuelson, Dr. Edward Sittler, Dr. Michael Smith, placed on the study of solar coronal mass ejections ~CME’s!, Dr. David Stern, Dr. Adam Szabo, Dr. Jacob Trombka, Dr. shock waves, and the structure and properties of the fast and Adolfo Figueroa-Vin˜as, and Dr. Peter Wasilewski. slow solar wind. LEP planetary scientists study the The following are National Research Council Associates: chemistry and physics of planetary stratospheres and Dr. Scott Bounds, Dr. Robert Boyle, Dr. Nancy Chanover, tropospheres and of solar system bodies including Dr. Dana Crider, Dr. Steven Cummer, Dr. Perry Gerakines, meteorites, asteroids, comets and planets. The LEP conducts Dr. Natchimuthuk Gopalswamy, Dr. Hugh G. M. Hill, Dr. a focused program in astronomy, particularly in the infrared Gunther Kletetschka, Dr. Patrick Michael, Dr. Vasyl and in short as well as very long radio wavelengths. We also Morozhenko, Dr. Lutz Rasta¨tter, Dr. Frank Schmuelling, Dr. perform an extensive program of laboratory research, Roch Smets, Dr. Carlos Suarez, Dr. Peyton Thorn, Dr. including spectroscopy and physical chemistry related to Vadim Uritsky, and Dr. Juan Valdivia. astronomical objects. The Laboratory proposes, develops, The following scientists work at LEP as either contractors fabricates, and integrates experiments on Earth-orbiting, to GSFC or as long-term visiting faculty: ~Raytheon/ITSS! planetary, and heliospheric spacecraft to measure the Dr. Ashraf Ali, Dr. Daniel Berdichevsky, Dr. Scott Board- characteristics of planetary atmospheres and magnetic fields, sen, Dr. Rainer Fettig, Dr. Nicola Fox, Dr. Henry Freuden- and electromagnetic fields and plasmas in space. We design reich, Dr. Emily Greene, Dr. Roger Hess, Dr. Shrikanth and develop spectrometric instrumentation for continuum Kanekal, Dr. Masha Kuznetsova, Dr. Carey Lisse, Dr. Nitya and spectral line observations in the x-ray, gamma-ray, Nath, Mr. George McCabe, Dr. Vladimir Osherovich, Dr. infrared, and radio regimes; these are flown on spacecraft to Mauricio Peredo, Dr. Michael Reiner, Dr. Pamela Solomon, study the interplanetary medium, asteroids, comets, and Dr. Adinarayan Sundaram, and Dr. Nikolai Tsyganenko; planets. Suborbital sounding rockets and ground-based ~Universities Space Research Association! Dr. Mei-Ching observing platforms form an integral part of these research Fok, Dr. Venku Jayanti, Dr. Jouni Takalo, Dr. Dimitris Vas- activities. This report covers the period from approximately siliadis, and Dr. Hung Kit Wong; ~Applied Research Corpo- October 1998 through September 1999. ration! Dr. Sanjoy Ghosh, Dr. Michael Goodman, and Dr. Edouard Siregar; ~Computer Sciences Corporation! Dr. Larry Evans; ~Catholic Univ. of America! Dr. Dennis Bogan, Dr. Pamela Clark, Dr. Tamara Dickinson, Dr. Michael DiSanti, 1. PERSONNEL Dr. Frank Ferguson, Dr. Vladimir Krasnopolsky, Dr. Fred Dr. Richard Vondrak continues as Chief of the LEP. Mr. Nesbitt, Dr. Neil Dello Russo, and Dr. Richard Starr; ~SSAI! Franklin Ottens is Assistant Chief. The Branch Heads are Dr. Dr. Richard Achterberg, and Dr. Ronald Carlson; ~Space Ap- Joseph Nuth ~Astrochemistry!; Dr. Thomas Moore ~Inter- plications Corporation! Dr. Hemant Dave´; ~Univ. of Mary- planetary Physics!; Dr. Drake Deming ~Planetary Systems!; land Baltimore County! Dr. Marcos Sirota and Dr. David Dr. Steven Curtis ~Planetary Magnetospheres!, and Dr. Steyert; ~Georgia Southern Univ.! Dr. Robert Nelson; ~Univ. James Slavin ~Electrodynamics!. The Laboratory Senior Sci- of Maryland College Park! Dr. Dennis Chornay, Ms. Kelly entists are Drs. Richard Goldberg, John Hillman, Michael Fast, Dr. Thejappa Golla, Mr. Virgil Kunde, and Dr. Timo- Mumma, Keith Ogilvie, Louis Stief, and Robert Stone. Mr. thy Livengood; ~Charles County Community College! Dr. William Mish ~ISTP Project Scientist for Data Systems! is George Kraus; ~IONA College! Dr. Robert Novac; ~Cornell also a member of the Laboratory senior staff. Univ.! Dr. Barney Conrath and Dr. Paul Schinder; ~Rowan 2 ANNUAL REPORT College! Dr. Karen Magee-Sauer; ~Univ. of Virginia! Dr. data at low pressure ~1.3 mbar He! more appropriate for Lembit Lilleleht; ~Challenger Center! Dr. Jeffrey Goldstein atmospheric models. The average value of the total rate con- and Dr. Tilak Hewagama; ~NOMAD Research! Dr. Dean stant at T 5 298Kisk5(1.0 6 0.5) 3 10210 cm3 Pesnell; ~National Institute of Standards & Technology! Dr. molecule21 s21 indicating that the reaction occurs on about Vladimir Orkin. every other collision. At T 5 200 K complications in the A large and very capable engineering and computational observed decay of the C2H3 signal prevented a quantitative staff also supports the work of the LEP scientists. determination of k at this temperature but little or no tem- perature dependence is expected for such a fast reaction. 2. ASTROCHEMISTRY Also, the present value of k(CH3 1 C2H3) is nearly identi- cal to that for k(H 1 C H ) which we have previously Ozone. Halogen oxides play an important role in reaction 2 3 5 cycles involved in stratospheric ozone depletion. One such shown to be temperature independent from T 298Kto species, the metastable molecule OClO, has been detected in 200 K. Product studies at T 5 298 K and 200 K provided the stratosphere over Antarctica. The chemical and spectro- evidence for the occurrence of three primary processes: dis- scopic properties of OClO have been well characterized in proportionation (CH4 1 C2H2), combination-stabilization the laboratory but much less is known about the bromine (C3H6) and combination-decomposition (C3H5 1 H). This analogue. Recently OBrO has been tentatively detected in study provides the first evidence for the combination- the stratosphere but model calculations indicate much decomposition channel yielding C3H5 1 H. Since the rela- smaller concentrations than those suggested by the atmo- tive importance of the reaction channels will be pressure de- spheric measurements. Knowledge of properties such as ion- pendent, the occurrence of these three channels has important consequences for the chemical composition of ization energy ~IE! and heat of formation (DHf) of atmo- spheric species are valuable for laboratory experiments and planetary atmospheres as a function of altitude. The dispro- atmospheric models. The photoionization efficiency spec- portionation channel regenerates methane and acetylene, trum of OBrO was measured for the first time in which are the parent molecules for CH3 and C2H3 respec- photoionization-mass spectrometry experiments at beamline tively. The combination-stabilization channel leads to the U-11 of the National Synchrotron Light Source located at formation of propylene, a C3 hydrocarbon molecule, while Brookhaven National Laboratories ~BNL!. From an analysis the combination-decomposition channel leads to formation of the step-like threshold at l 5 120.5 nm, R. Thorn and L. of butene, a C4 hydrocarbon molecule, via the formation of Stief, T. Buckley, R. Johnson ~NIST!, P. Monks ~University the C3H5 radical and its subsequent reaction with CH3 . of Leicester!, and R. Klemm ~BNL! obtained a value of Cosmic Ices. Laboratory facilities have been expanded to 10.29 6 0.03 eV for the adiabatic IE of OBrO. This is the include infrared spectra of cosmic-type ices exposed to both first experimental determination of IE~OBrO!. In addition, an proton and UV photolysis within the same experimental ab initio calculation using the CCSD~T!-311-G~3df!//CCD/ setup. This is a unique capability not possible elsewhere. The 6-3111G~3df! level of theory gives a value of 10.26 eV focus of the IR
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