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Landscape Architecture and Art LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ART SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF LATVIA UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES VOLUME 16 NUMBER 16 Scientific Journal of LatviaSCIENTIFIC University of LifeJOURNAL Sciences and Technologies Landscape Architecture and Art, Volume 16, Number 16 OF LATVIA UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ART VOLUME 16 NUMBER 16 JELGAVA,1 2020 Scientific Journal of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Landscape Architecture and Art, Volume 16, Number 16 EDITOR IN CHIEF Aija Ziemeļniece, Dr. arch., Professor, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia EDITORIAL BOARD Uģis Bratuškins, Dr. arch., Professor, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia Maria Ignatieva, Dr. phil., Professor, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden Karsten Jorgensen, Dr. scient., Professor, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway Jānis Krastiņš, Dr. habil. arch., Professor, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia Juhan Maiste, Dr. art., Professor, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia Eglė Navickienė, Dr. arch., Assoc. Professor, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania Elke Mertens, Professor, Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Neubrandenburg, Germany Gintaras Stauskis, Ph.D. arch., Assoc. Professor, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania Ojārs Spārītis, President of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Dr. habil. art., Professor, Art Academy of Latvia, Riga, Latvia Sandra Treija, Dr. arch., Professor, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia Daiga Skujāne, Dr. arch., Professor, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia Natalija Ņitavska, Dr. arch., Professor, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia Laura Lūse, Dr. art., Director of Rundale Palace Museum, Latvia SECRETARY AND LAYOUT DESIGNER Una Īle, Dr. arch., Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia TECHNICAL TEXT EDITOR Ilze Stokmane, Dr. oec., Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia ADDRESS OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD Faculty of Environment and Civil Engineering, Department of Landscape Architecture and Planning, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 22 Riga street, Valdeka palace, Jelgava, Latvia, LV–3004, Phone: + 371 29185575 E–mail: [email protected] Abstracted and indexed* SCOPUS (indexed since 2016); Web of Science ™, Clarivate Analytics (indexed since 2016); AGRIS; CABI PUBLISHING CAB ABSTRACTS; EBSCO Art Source (*) – Attention! The data bases select the articles from the proceedings for including them in their data bases after individual qualitative examination. All scientific paper was reviewed by two independent reviewers. Every author is responsible for the quality and the information of his article. Read our scientific journal in on-line: http://llufb.llu.lv/Raksti/Landscape_Architecture_Art/ https://llufb.llu.lv/lv/llu-e-izdevumi/llu-izdotie-krajumi-un-zurnali-tiessaiste http://www.le-notre.org/public_lni/news_show_details.php?news_id=514 https://scholar.google.lv/scholar?q=%22Landscape+architecture+and+art%22+latvia&btnG=&hl=lv&as_sdt=0%2C5 http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/record/3000059529403?classification- cerif=T000&count=1000&locale=uk&link-level=DIGITAL_OBJECT&collection-id=a0163 Scientific journal cover photo: from Aija Ziemeļniece private archive © LATVIA UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, 2020 ISSN 2255–8632 print ISSN 2255–8640 online DOI: https://doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart 2 Scientific Journal of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Landscape Architecture and Art, Volume 16, Number 16 INTRODUCTION PRIEKŠVĀRDS With the increasingly dramatic impacts of the Pandēmijai aizvien dramatiskāk ietekmējot pandemic affecting the society, economic and political sabiedrību un valstu ekonomiski politisko stāvokli, situation in every state of the world, blue green lielāku nozīmi pilsētvides aglomerācijā ieņem territories become more essential in the urban zili-zaļās teritorijas. agglomeration. Apkopotie pētījumi akcentē, ka ekonomikas The summarized researches underline that we izdzišanas periodā nedrīkst pazaudēt kultūrvēsturisko cannot allow losing our cultural and historical heritage mantojumu. Gadu simteņos pāri ir vēlušies vairāki in the period of economic expulsion. Many various slimību viļņi, bet iepriekšējās paaudzes ir centušās epidemic waves passed throughout the centuries, nosargāt kultūras mantojuma pērles. but the previous generations tried to preserve the pearls 20. / 21. gadsimtam ir izteikta mazo pilsētu rakstura of the cultural heritage. maiņa. Straujai tehnoloģijas tempu ienākšanai The characteristic feature of the 20th / 21st century zinātnē, tautsaimniecībā un sociālajā sfērā, veidojas is a pronounced change in the nature of small towns. tehnoloģisko procesu “pēda”, kas ir pamanāms apbūves A rapidly growing pace of technologic innovations in mērogā, proporcijā, mainoties dominantēm siluetā un the field of science, national economy and social sphere zaļās struktūras apjomam. makes an imprint of the technological processes which Mazās pilsētas valsts politikas līmenī bieži tiek can be noticed in terms of urban development, pamestas novārtā, vai nepelnīti novērtētas par zemu, proportion, changing outline dominants and the volume lai gan cilvēki meklē lēnāku dzīves ritmu. Tās var of green structure. piedāvāt daudz spēcīgāku vietas identitātes sajūtu un At a state policy level, small towns are often pieķeršanos, vietējo ražošanu, lētāku nekustamo undeservingly left out or underestimated despite the īpašumu un tuvumu dabas teritorijām. fact that people are looking for a slower pace of life. Lietuvas arhitektu pētījums par Kauņu parāda, Small towns can offer a much stronger feeling of ka bijušās militārās nocietinājuma pilsētas modelēšana identity and devotion, local production, cheaper real ir kā piemērs, kur sintezējas pilsētas kultūras mantojums estate and closeness of nature territories. un 21. gs. avangardiskās tendences. Modelis ir balstīts uz A research regarding Kaunas by Lithuanian izmaiņu novērtējumu pilsētas struktūrā. Lielpilsētas architects demonstrates that modelling of a former robeža var būt gan katalizators, gan instruments, military fortification city is an example of the synthesis kas nosaka apstākļus, kas ir nozīmīgi pilsētas struktūras of the cultural heritage of the city and the innovative veidošanā. Pētījuma pamatā ir aspekts, kas noteic, tendencies of the 21st century. The model is based on kā robežas ietekmē pilsētvides daudzdimensionālo the evaluation of the changes in the structure of the raksturu. Pilsētplānojumos dominē daudzslāņu evolūcija, city. The city boundaries can serve both as a catalyst kuras mērķis ir analizēt un apkopot kolektīvās atmiņas and a tool defining the important conditions for the stāvokli un tendences, kas saistītas ar iedzīvotāju un composition of a city structure. The research is based ainavu arhitektu viedokļu kopsaskaņas meklējumiem on the aspect defining that the boundaries affect the radošajā procesā, kas atspoguļojas piedāvātajos multidimensional nature of the urban environment. projektos. Avangarda meklējumi atspoguļojas arī A multilayer evolution is dominating in the urban pētījumā par pilsētvides gājēju zonu funkcionālā designs with the aim to analyse and summarize the plānojuma harmoniju. condition and the tendencies of the collective memory, Saistošs ir materiāls par nenoteiktu zemju pagaidus which is connected with a creative process of looking izmantošanu, kas kalpo kā iespēja un elastīga metode for the balanced perspective of the inhabitants and the meklējumiem teritoriju izmantošanā perspektīvē. landscape designers, which is reflected in the projects Viens no pētījumiem izseko procesam, kā attālināties offered. A mould-breaking search is also reflected no tradicionālās ainavas ar tūkstošgadīgām tradīcijām in the research related to a balanced functional design uz 20. gs. 20. g. revolucionāro izrāvienu, kas balstīts uz of pedestrian zones in the urban environment. avangarda un kubisma uzskatiem. Kā piemērs izmantots The material regarding the temporary use Ķīniešu dārzs. of unidentified lands is appealing and provides a possibility and a flexible way of exploring the prospective use of territories. One of the researches investigates the process allowing for the withdrawal from the traditional landscape with thousand-year-old traditions towards th a ground-breaking shoot in the 20s of the 20 century based on avant-garde and cubism trends. The Chinese Aija Ziemeļniece garden is used as an example. Editor in Chief 3 Scientific Journal of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Landscape Architecture and Art, Volume 16, Number 16 4 Scientific Journal of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Landscape Architecture and Art, Volume 16, Number 16 CONTENTS Agnė Vėtė Changing character of town form during the XX−XXI c.: the case of Lithuanian small towns ........................................................................................................ 7 DOI: 10.22616/j.landarchart.2020.16.01 Kęstutis Zaleckis, Aušra Mlinkauskienė, Nijolė Steponaitytė Research on Changes of Spatial Structure Genotype of a Former Artillerymen’ Military Town of Kaunas Fortress ....................................................................................................... 16 DOI: 10.22616/j.landarchart.2020.16.02 Aija Ziemeļniece Transformation of the Historical Street Settlements and
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