Vliv Stanovištních Podmínek Na Faunu Střevlíkovitých Ve Smrkových A

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Vliv Stanovištních Podmínek Na Faunu Střevlíkovitých Ve Smrkových A MENDELOVA UNIVERZITA V BRN Ě Lesnická a d řeva řská fakulta Ústav ochrany les ů a myslivosti Vliv stanovištních podmínek na faunu st řevlíkovitých ve smrkových a bukových porostech Beskyd Diplomová práce 2014/2015 Bc. Petr Rolinc Prohlašuji, že jsem práci Vliv stanovištních podmínek na faunu st řevlíkovitých ve smrkových a bukových porostech Beskyd zpracoval samostatn ě a veškeré použité prameny a informace uvádím v seznamu použité literatury. Souhlasím, aby moje práce byla zve řejn ěna v souladu s § 47b Zákona č. 111/1998 Sb., o vysokých školách ve zn ění pozd ějších p ředpis ů a v souladu s platnou Sm ěrnicí o zve řej ňování vysokoškolských závere čných prací. Jsem si v ědom, že se na moji práci vztahuje zákon č. 121/2000 Sb., autorský zákon, a že Mendelova univerzita v Brn ě má právo na uzav ření licen ční smlouvy a užití této práce jako školního díla podle §60 odst. 1 autorského zákona. Dále se zavazuji, že p řed sepsáním licen ční smlouvy o využití díla jinou osobou (subjektem) si vyžádám písemné stanovisko univerzity, že p ředm ětná licen ční smlouva není v rozporu s oprávn ěnými zájmy univerzity a zavazuji se uhradit případný p řísp ěvek na úhradu náklad ů spojených se vznikem díla, a to až do jejich skute čné výše. V Brn ě dne ....................... Podpis studenta .............................. Pod ěkování Mé pod ěkování pat ří p ředevším vedoucímu diplomové práce prof. Ing. Emanuelu Kulovi, Csc. za cenné rady a vst řícný p řístup b ěhem zpracovávání této diplomové práce. Také bych cht ěl pod ěkovat Ing. Zde ňku Adamci, Ph.D. za konzultace ohledn ě statistických analýz. Dále bych cht ěl pod ěkovat své rodin ě a p řátel ům za podporu p ři studiu a řešení práce. Abstrakt Bc. Petr Rolinc Vliv stanovištních podmínek na faunu st řevlíkovitých ve smrkových a bukových porostech Beskyd V bukových a smrkových porostech v území LS Ostravice v Moravskoslezských Beskydech se uskute čnil sb ěr epigeické fauny metodou zemních pastí. Čele ď střevlíkovitých (Carabidae) byla zvolena a hodnocena jako bioindikační skupina z hlediska zastoupení ve smrkových a bukových porostech a s ohledem na základní typologické jednotky, kterými jsou lesní vegeta ční stupn ě, edafické kategorie a soubory lesních typ ů. Byly porovnány cenózy st řevlíkovitých v hospodá řských porostech a přírodních rezervacích. Odchyt st řevlíkovitých se uskutečnil v období 2007 – 2014 v jarním, letním, pozdn ě letním a podzimním aspektu. Za celé sledované období bylo odchyceno 67 483 jedinc ů st řevlíkovitých náležících k 77 druh ům. Na území byl potvrzen výskyt zákonem chrán ěného druhu a druhu NATURA 2000 (Carabus variolosus Sturm). Dalším chrán ěným a siln ě ohroženým druhem byl Carabus obsoletus. Druhy Carabus linnei, Pterostichus burmeisteri, Pterostichus foveolatus byly eudominantní. Dominantní zastoupení m ěly druhy Abax ovalis, Carabus glabratus, Pterostichus oblongopunctatus . Byla prokázána p římá vazba st řevlíkovitých na lesní vegeta ční stup ňovitost i na edafické kategorie a soubory lesních typ ů. U n ěkolika druh ů byl objeven rozdíl mezi smrkovými a bukovými porosty a také mezi přírodními rezervacemi rezervacemi a hospodá řskými lesy. Klí čová slova: Carabidae, st řevlíkovití, Moravskoslezské Beskydy, bukové porosty, smrkové porosty, diverzita, ekvitabilita, dominance, bioindikace Abstract Bc. Petr Rolinc Effect of stand conditions on ground beetle fauna in spruce and beech forests in the Beskydy mountains In beech and spruce stands in the LS Ostravice in Moravia Silesian Beskydy was realized monitoring of epigeic invertebrates by pitfall traps method. Carabid beetles (Carabidae) were classified as bioindicator group in terms of representation in spruce and beech stands with regard to main typopologic kategories like as forest altitudinal vegetation groups (LVS), edaphic categories (EK) and files of forest types (SLT). Ground beetles communities were evaluated in economic forests and nature reserves. Collecting of ground beetles was realized in period 2007 – 2014 in the spring, summer, late summer and autumn aspect. In the entire period were captured 67 483 individuals of ground beetles belonged to 77 species. In interest area was confirmed the occurrence of legally protected species and species Natura 2000 (Carabus variolosus Sturm). Another protected and heavilly endagered species was Carabus obsoletus Sturm. Carabus linnei , Pterostichus burmeisteri and Pterostichus foveolatus were eudominant species. The dominant species were represented Abax ovalis , Carabus glabratus and Pterostichus oblongopunctatus . There was proved a relation between carabid beetles and main typologic categories (LVS, EK and SLT). Several species were discovered diference between spruce and beech stands and so between nature reserves and economic forests. Keywords: Carabidae, ground beetles, Moravskoslezské Beskydy, beech forests, spruce forests, diversity, equitability, dominance, bioindication Obsah 1. Úvod ....................................................................................................................................... 7 2. Literární p řehled ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.1. Stav poznání Beskyd ....................................................................................................... 8 2.2. Charakteristika čeledi st řevlíkovitých – Carabidae ......................................................... 9 2.2.1. Za řazení do systému a druhová po četnost ................................................................ 9 2.2.2. Velikost a morfologie imaga ..................................................................................... 9 2.2.3. Ekologie a biologie ................................................................................................. 10 2.2.4. Význam st řevlík ů .................................................................................................... 12 2.3. Bionomie jednotlivých druh ů ........................................................................................ 13 2.4. Charakteristika bioindika čních skupin .......................................................................... 31 2.5. Lesní vegeta ční stupn ě ................................................................................................... 33 2.6. Edafické kategorie ......................................................................................................... 35 2.7. Soubory lesních typ ů ..................................................................................................... 40 3. Metodika ............................................................................................................................... 44 3.1. Metodika výb ěru lokalit a sb ěru st řevlíkovitých ........................................................... 44 3.2. Ekologické indexy ......................................................................................................... 45 4. Popis zájmového území ........................................................................................................ 48 4.1. Lokalizace oblasti .......................................................................................................... 48 4.2. P řírodní pom ěry Lesního hospodá řského celku Ostravice ............................................ 48 4.2.1. Orografické pom ěry ................................................................................................ 48 4.2.2. Hydrologické pom ěry ............................................................................................. 48 4.2.3. Geologické pom ěry ................................................................................................. 48 4.2.4. Pedologické pom ěry ................................................................................................ 49 4.2.5. Klimatické pom ěry .................................................................................................. 49 4.2.6. Druhová struktura ................................................................................................... 49 4.3. P řírodní rezervace .......................................................................................................... 50 4.4. Charakteristika sledovaných výzkumných lokalit ......................................................... 53 5. Výsledky ............................................................................................................................... 54 6. Diskuze ............................................................................................................................... 119 7. Záv ěr ................................................................................................................................... 141 8. Summary ............................................................................................................................ 144 9. Seznam použité literatury ................................................................................................... 146 10. P řílohy .............................................................................................................................. 151 1. Úvod Zoocenózy jsou nedílnou sou částí ekosystém ů (Jeník 1995), podobné je jejich chápání v geobiocenologickém pojetí biosféry. Proto jsou velmi často používány k indikaci stavu prost ředí, v četn ě lesních ekosystém ů. Jejich zm ěny a dynamika dokládají p řirozené i antropogenn ě podmín ěné vlivy a disturbance (Podrázský et al. 2010). Mezi
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