DOCSLIB.ORG

Moving Beyond the Apple Orchard: the Institutional Analysis of the Construction of Washtenaw Community College Julie M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Moving Beyond the Apple Orchard: the Institutional Analysis of the Construction of Washtenaw Community College Julie M Eastern Michigan University DigitalCommons@EMU Master's Theses, and Doctoral Dissertations, and Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations Graduate Capstone Projects 2017 Moving beyond the apple orchard: The institutional analysis of the construction of Washtenaw Community College Julie M. Kissel Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.emich.edu/theses Part of the Counseling Commons, and the Leadership Studies Commons Recommended Citation Kissel, Julie M., "Moving beyond the apple orchard: The institutional analysis of the construction of Washtenaw Community College" (2017). Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations. 834. http://commons.emich.edu/theses/834 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses, and Doctoral Dissertations, and Graduate Capstone Projects at DigitalCommons@EMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@EMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Running head: MOVING BEYOND THE APPLE ORCHARD Moving Beyond the Apple Orchard: The Institutional Analysis of the Construction of Washtenaw Community College by Julie M. Kissel Dissertation Eastern Michigan University Submitted to the Department of Leadership and Counseling Eastern Michigan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSPHY Educational Leadership Dissertation Committee: Ronald Flowers Ed.D., Chair James Barott, Ph.D. David Anderson, Ed.D. Robert Orrange, Ph.D. July 6, 2017 Ypsilanti, Michigan Copyright 2017 by Kissel, Julie M. All rights reserved MOVING BEYOND THE APPLE ORCHARD i MOVING BEYOND THE APPLE ORCHARD ii Dedication My strength—Tim, Justin, Garrett, and Jillian. MOVING BEYOND THE APPLE ORCHARD iii Acknowledgments What a journey this has been. I am ever so grateful to the members of my seminar group for your guidance and humor as we all trudged through our work. It was always good to know that I was not alone in this endeavor. I must also thank the members of my committee for their guidance so that I could do my very best work. Dr. Flowers, in particular, has had to deal with my frustrations, humor, talkativeness, and anxiety—I’m sorry that I have caused such consternation at times. In the end, we can both be proud of my work and know that we have connected the dots in new and exciting ways. Recently, my husband and son were in Washington DC, and I got a picture of a quote by Eleanor Roosevelt regarding the impact of FDRs health on his work. She said, "Franklin's illness...gave him strength and courage he had not had before. He had to think out the fundamentals of living and learn the greatest of all lessons—infinite patience and never ending persistence." In this quote, my husband saw me, and for that I am forever grateful. He has allowed me to complete a goal that I had set for myself long ago. I will carry that strength with me as we embark on new and exciting adventures. Throughout this journey, I have had a chance to reflect deeply on what I do, not just in my career, but in how I live each day. I know with acute clarity that I long for personal growth and that I want to share the joy of learning and being one’s true self with others. What a life I have already lived…I can’t wait for what comes next. MOVING BEYOND THE APPLE ORCHARD iv Abstract The purpose of the study was to understand the institutional forces that constructed and shaped the function, nature of funding, and governance of Washtenaw Community College (WCC). To do this, I studied the founding and development of WCC using organizational theory. This qualitative, historical case study used archival research to identify themes and the institutional building blocks for the junior college movement at large and the transition of the junior college to the comprehensive community college in the 1950s and 1960s as it served to buffer and bridge the post-secondary world. This study discovered that WCC was not a grassroots endeavor by the community with an interest to create opportunities for the county residents. Instead, WCC was created and developed by agent-based construction or through intentionality and purpose by county leaders who used regulative and normative means to create a narrative that a “community” college would best serve the interests of the public. As WCC was created with both vocational training and transfer programming, balancing those functions, funding, and governance further defined the institution and its role in the community. These findings can help educational leaders understand the historical underpinnings of the community college and its relationship to other educational institutions and the community it is designed to serve. MOVING BEYOND THE APPLE ORCHARD v Table of Contents Dedication ....................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... iii Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. x List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... viii Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Background of the Study ............................................................................................................. 1 Washtenaw Community College. ................................................................................................... 5 Purpose of Study ......................................................................................................................... 7 Significance of Study .................................................................................................................. 7 Research Questions ..................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter Organization .................................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................. 9 Brief History of Organizational Theory ...................................................................................... 9 Rational, natural, and open systems .............................................................................................. 10 Organizational behaviors .............................................................................................................. 14 Institutional theory. ....................................................................................................................... 16 Institutional Model for Study .................................................................................................... 19 Recapitulation............................................................................................................................ 27 Chapter 3: Research Methods ....................................................................................................... 30 Self as Researcher ..................................................................................................................... 30 Research Tradition .................................................................................................................... 37 Qualitative research ...................................................................................................................... 37 Ontology and epistemology .......................................................................................................... 40 Historical research ........................................................................................................................ 42 Case study ..................................................................................................................................... 43 Research Design ........................................................................................................................ 45 Selection of case ........................................................................................................................... 45 Unit of analysis ............................................................................................................................. 45 Data sources and instrumentation ................................................................................................. 46 MOVING BEYOND THE APPLE ORCHARD vi Moral, ethical, and legal issues ..................................................................................................... 47 Drawing and verifying conclusions .............................................................................................. 49 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 55 Recapitulation...........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • July 2018 CURRICULUM VITAE SILVIA PEDRAZA University Of
    1 July 2018 CURRICULUM VITAE SILVIA PEDRAZA University of Michigan Work: (734) 647-3659 Department of Sociology Fax: (734) 763-6887 500 S. State St., 3001 LSA Bldg. Home: (734) 761-3907 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1382 US citizen [email protected] Born in Havana, Cuba Education 1980 Ph.D., Department of Sociology, University of Chicago. 1977 M.A., Department of Sociology, University of Chicago. 1971 M.A., Masters in Teaching, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 1967 B.A., Major in Sociology, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 1960-63 Oak Grove High School, Vassalboro, Maine. 1952-60 Las Esclavas del Sagrado Corazón, Habana, Cuba. Fellowships, Awards, and Honors 2018 President, Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy (ASCE) (Elected). 2016 Golden Key International Honour Society, Honorary Faculty Award. 2015 Scholarship and Research Award, College of Literature, Science, and Arts together with the Department of Sociology, Department of American Culture, and Latin American and Caribbean Studies Program, eGIF Award. 2014 Faculty Dialogues Institute, College of Literature, Science, and Arts, Center for Research on Learning and Teaching and Inter Group Relations, the University of Michigan. 2013 Faculty Research and Scholarship Award, College of Literature, Science, and Arts, the University of Michigan. 2013 Research Partnership Award, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, the University of Michigan. 2009 The Julian Samora Distinguished Career Award, American Sociological Association, Sociology of Latinos/as in the U.S. Section. 2 2007-08 Honors Program Course Development Award, College of Literature, Science, and Arts, the University of Michigan. 2006-07 Honors Program Faculty Fellow, College of Literature, Science, and Arts, the University of Michigan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Beginning of a New University Presidency Is Usually Associated
    1 THE LEADERS AND BEST he beginning of a new university presidency is usually associated Twith the pomp and circumstance of an academic inauguration ceremony. The colorful robes of an academic procession, the familiar strains of ritualistic music, and the presence of distinguished guests and visitors all make for an impressive ceremony, designed to sym- bolize the crowning of a new university leader. Of course, like most senior leadership positions, the university presidency takes many forms depending on the person; the institution; and, perhaps most signi‹cant, the needs of the times. Clearly, as the chief executive of‹cer of an institution with thousands of employees (faculty and staff) and clients (students, patients, sports fans), an annual budget in the billions of dollars, a physical plant the size of a small city, and an in›uence that is frequently global in extent, the management respon- sibilities of the university president are considerable, comparable to those of the CEO of a large, multinational corporation. A university president is also a public leader, with important sym- bolic, political, pastoral, and at times even moral leadership roles, par- ticularly when it comes to representing the institution to a diverse array of external constituencies, such as government, business and industry, prospective donors, the media, and the public at large. The contemporary university is a political tempest in which all the con- 3 4 The View from the Helm tentious issues swirling about our society churn together: for example, civil rights versus racial preference, freedom of speech versus con›ict- ing political ideologies, social purpose versus market-driven cost- effectiveness.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae Silvia Pedraza
    1 November 2019 CURRICULUM VITAE SILVIA PEDRAZA University of Michigan Work: (734) 647-3659 Department of Sociology Fax: (734) 763-6887 500 S. State St., 3001 LSA Bldg. Home: (734) 761-3907 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1382 U.S. citizen [email protected] Born in Havana, Cuba Education 1980 Ph.D., Department of Sociology, University of Chicago. 1977 M.A., Department of Sociology, University of Chicago. 1971 M.A., Masters in Teaching, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 1967 B.A., Major in Sociology, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 1960- 1960-63 Oak Grove High School, Vassalboro, Maine. 1952-60 Las Esclavas del Sagrado Corazón, Habana, Cuba. Fellowships, Awards, and Honors 2018-20 President, Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy (ASCE) and society (Elected). 2016 Golden Key International Honour Society, Honorary Faculty Award. 2015 Scholarship and Research Award, College of Literature, Science, and Arts together with the Department of Sociology, Department of American Culture, and Latin American and Caribbean Studies Program, eGIF Award. 2014 Faculty Dialogues Institute, College of Literature, Science, and Arts, Center for Research on Learning and Teaching and Inter Group Relations, the University of Michigan. 2013 Faculty Research and Scholarship Award, College of Literature, Science, and Arts, the University of Michigan. 2013 Research Partnership Award, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, the University of Michigan. 2009 The Julian Samora Distinguished Career Award, American Sociological Association, Sociology of Latinos/as in the U.S. Section. 2 2007-08 Honors Program Course Development Award, College of Literature, Science, and Arts, the University of Michigan. 2006-07 Honors Program Faculty Fellow, College of Literature, Science, and Arts, the University of Michigan.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae Silvia Pedraza
    1 August 2021 CURRICULUM VITAE SILVIA PEDRAZA University of Michigan Work: (734) 647-3659 Department of Sociology Fax: (734) 763-6887 500 S. State St., 3001 LSA Bldg. Home: (734) 761-3907 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1382 U.S. citizen [email protected] Born in Havana, Cuba Education 1980 Ph.D., Department of Sociology, University of Chicago. 1977 M.A., Department of Sociology, University of Chicago. 1971 M.A., Masters in Teaching, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 1967 B.A., Major in Sociology, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 1960- 1960-63 Oak Grove High School, Vassalboro, Maine. 1952-60 Las Esclavas del Sagrado Corazón, Habana, Cuba. Fellowships, Awards, and Honors 2021 American Sociological Association, Latino/a Sociology Section, Founders Award. La Casa Students, Latinxcellence Legacy Award, University of Michigan. 2018-20 President, Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy (ASCE) and society (Elected). 2016 Golden Key International Honour Society, Honorary Faculty Award. 2015 Scholarship and Research Award, College of Literature, Science, and Arts together with the Department of Sociology, Department of American Culture, and Latin American and Caribbean Studies Program, eGIF Award. 2014 Faculty Dialogues Institute, College of Literature, Science, and Arts, Center for Research on Learning and Teaching and Inter Group Relations, the University of Michigan. 2013 Faculty Research and Scholarship Award, College of Literature, Science, and Arts, the University of Michigan. 2 2013 Research Partnership Award, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, the University of Michigan. 2009 American Sociological Association, Latino/a Sociology Section, The Julian Samora Distinguished Career Award. 2007-08 Honors Program Course Development Award, College of Literature, Science, and Arts, the University of Michigan.
    [Show full text]
  • D1a-Marilyn-Mason-Celebrates-60
    DANCING MARILYN MASON CELEBRATES 60 YEARS “Marilyn Mason literally walked up and down the pedal board at the Kennedy Center organ. … As she worked her way through the impassioned pages she resembled some hieratic priestess performing a dance of grief on the keyboards. … Sowerby’s jubilant Pageant closed the evening, in a blaze of harmonies and pedal virtuosity.” The Evening Star and Daily News, Washington, D.C., June 19, 1973 his fall, Marilyn Mason, chair of the department of organ since 1960, University Organist since 1976, will mark sixty years on the faculty — a T first, according to official University records. To celebrate her remarkable achievements, the 47th Conference on Organ Music, held on campus annually since Mason originated them in 1960, was dedicated to her. And this was no retirement party, mind you. Mason’s not going anywhere. And what, after all, would we do without her? Consider sixty years. When Marilyn joined the faculty, Alexander Ruthven was University President — followed by Harlan Hatcher, Robben Fleming, Harold Shapiro, James Duderstadt, Lee Bollinger, and Mary Sue Coleman. Harry Truman was president. A new car was the princely sum of $800; a gallon of gaso- line cost 18¢. Minimum wage was 30¢ an hour and the average worker earned Fall 2007 3 “Palmer Christian told me that a ‘buzz bomb’ from Oklahoma had walked in that day,” recalled friend and fellow organist Mary McCall Stubbins. $1,900 … a year. The oldest baby In 1944, Palmer Christian wrote a boomers you know now were still in guarded yet enthusiastic letter to a diapers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of University of Michigan History Accessed 2/23/2015
    The Making of University of Michigan History Accessed 2/23/2015 Home Exhibits Reference University Records Michigan History Digital Curation Search Home > Exhibits > Myumich The Making of University of Michigan History: The People, Events, & Buildings that Shaped the University 1899/1900 C. H. Cooley, teaches 1st sociology course 1904/1905 West Engineering Hall opens 1905/1906 Emil Lorch heads new Architecture Dept. 1905/1906 Women's Athletic Assoc. formed 1909 Pres. James B. Angell retires 1909/1910 Alumni Hall dedicated 1910 Harry B. Hutchins, 6th UM President 1911/1912 "Club House" constructed at Ferry Field 1911/1912 Graduate School founded 1914 Hill Auditorium opens 1915 First women's dorms open http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/myumich/ 1 / 52 The Making of University of Michigan History Accessed 2/23/2015 1918 Old University Library closed 1918/1919 SATC constructing mess hall 1921 Marion Leroy Burton named president 1923/1924 William L. Clements Library opens 1926/1927 Dana, Moore named deans of new schools 1929 Women's League opens 1929/1930 Ruthven assumes UM presidency 1931/1932 McMath-Hulbert Observatory opens 1933/1934 Law Quad construction completed 1936 Mayfest brings Ormandy to Ann Arbor 1938/1939 West Quad dorms built as WPA project 1939 Arthur Miller, wins second Hopwood 1940/1941 War issue stirs campus 1942/1943 JAG School troops drill in Law Quad http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/myumich/ 2 / 52 The Making of University of Michigan History Accessed 2/23/2015 1943/1944 Ruth Buchanan writes to soldiers 1945/1946 Returning
    [Show full text]
  • Supremee Court of Thej Mnitch Tates
    No. - 02 516OCT1 -00 OFFICE OF THE CL ERK 3n JEje supremee Court of theJ Mnitch tates JENNIFER GRATZ AND PATRICK HAMACHER, Petitioners, V. LEE BOLLINGER, JAMES J. DUDERSTADT, AND THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Respondents. On Petition For Writ Of Certiorari Before Judgment To The United States Court Of Appeals For The Sixth Circuit APPENDIX TO PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI MICHAEL E. ROSMAN DAVID F. HERR HANS BADER Counsel of Record CENTER FOR INDIVIDUAL KIRK O. KOLBO RIGHTS R. LAWRENCE PURDY Suite 300 MICHAEL C. MCCARTHY 1233 20th Street N.W. KAI H. RICHTER Washington, D.C. 20036 MASLON EDELMAN BORMAN (202) 833-8400 & BRAND, LLP 3300 Wells Fargo Center KERRY L. MORGAN 90 South Seventh Street PENTIUK, COUVREUR Minneapolis, Minnesota & KOBILJAK, P.C. 55402-4140 Suite 230, Superior Place (612) 672-8200 20300 Superior Street Taylor, Michigan 48180 (734) 374-8930 COCKLE LAW BRIEF PRINTING CO. (800) 225-6964 OR CALL COLLECT (402) 342-2831 1 APPENDIX TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DISTRICT COURT OPINIONS, ORDERS, AND JUDGMENTS Appendix A (Opinion) (December 13, 2000) ............. la Appendix B (Order) (January 30, 2001).........................56a Appendix C (Order) (February 9, 2001) .......................... 60a Appendix D (Judgment) (February 9, 2001) ................... 63a Appendix E (Opinion) (February 26, 2001).....................66a Appendix F (Order) (February 26, 2001)...................91a Appendix G (Order) (March 21, 2001)............................95a SIXTH CIRCUIT ORDERS Appendix H (Order) (October 19, 2001)................100a Appendix I (Order) (November 16, 2001) ............. 103a DISTRICT COURT EXHIBITS Appendix J (Joint Summary of Undisputed Facts Regarding Admissions Process) (December 13, 2000)...........................................................................106a - . .. - - . la APPENDIX A UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN SOUTHERN DIVISION JENNIFER GRATZ and CASE NO.: PATRICK HAMACHER, for 97-CV-75231-DT themselves and all others HON.
    [Show full text]
  • Duderstadt Peckham Chapter.Pdf
    The Making of The University of Michigan 1817 - 1996 By Howard H. Peckham Chapter 16 Preparing for the 21st Century By James J. Duderstadt © The Millennium Project, The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 1998 Preface Howard H. Peckham’s book, The Making of the University of Michigan, was first published to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the University of Michigan in 1967. Organized by chapters describing the era of each president of the University, from Henry Philip Tappan to Harlan Hatcher, the book became a popular source of information concerning the University’s history to students, faculty, alumni, and friends of the University. To celebrate the 175th anniversary of the University twenty-five years later, the University’s History and Tradition Committee com- missioned Professor Nicholas Steneck and Dr. Margaret Steneck to revise and up- date Peckham’s history, adding chapters on the presidencies of Robben F. Fleming and Harold T. Shapiro, adding numerous illustrations to the text, and revising somewhat the earlier draft. In part as an effort to pull together and organize my own experiences as presi- dent, during the late 1990s I drafted a chapter on “the Duderstadt era” from an au- tobiographical perspective using the Peckham style. Although this might appear to some as adopting the perspective of Winston Churchill who once stated that “History will be kind to me for I intend to write it!”, my rationale was to use the Peckham approach both to understand my tenure and to shape a more ambitious autobiographical project, The View from the Helm, published in 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • The President's House at the University of Michigan
    The President’s House at the University of Michigan Anne Duderstadt i Preface The President’s House of the University of Michigan is the oldest building on the University campus. It is one of the original four houses constructed to house faculty when the University moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837. The Cropsey painting of the original campus in 1847 with two of the faculty houses shown on the left The four houses, built by Harpin Lum for a total cost of $26,900, all served the University in one capacity or another through the early years of the twentieth century. Completed in the summer of 1840, two of the houses fronted on North University and the other two on South University. The two-story plan included a central hall with two rooms opening off each side. The identical arrangement was repeated on the second floor. Each room had a fireplace. All of the houses had low-pitched, tin roofs. Emil Lorch, professor of architecture at the University felt these structures "had quiet dignity, good proportion, and excellent detail.” He was particularly impressed with the entrance porches and the intricacies of their cornices. The Early Years From 1841 to 1852 the University was governed by a faculty committee and the houses were apportioned among the professors. In 1852 Henry Philip Tappan became the first President of the University. Henry and Julia Tappan ii Tappan and his family moved into the vacant southwest dwelling and by his presence made it what it remains today—the President’s House. Tappan made no modifications to the house except to see that gas lighting was installed in 1858.
    [Show full text]
  • Impressions October 2005
    WASHTENAW COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER • FOUNDED 1857 • OCTOBER 2005 JUDITH CHRISMAN • PRESIDENT'S LEITER OFFICERS PRESIDENT Our Collection Grows ... Judith Chrisman VICE PRESIDENT In the September newsletter, we ne­ Ralph P. Beebe glected to credit Amy Rosenberg for her ar­ TREASURER ticle on the Conservation of a 19th Century Patricia W. Creal Nightgown. Amy has been doing a wonderful RECORDING SECRETARY job writing our 'Conservation' columns and we Ann DeFreytas want to be sure she gets credit for it. Our collection continues to grow. Some CORRESPONDING SECRETARY AND recent donations include: Native American IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT dresses, moccasins and jewelry and a 1904 Pauline V. Walters bread mixer from Jan Barney Newman; a spoon, jewelry box and seal embosser from BOARD OF DIRECTORS the Anna Botsford Bach Home; a velvet coat Rosemarion Blake and a velvet cape worn to UM dances in the Tom Freeman Richard L. Galant, Ph.D. late 1920s from Marie Panchuk; clothing, a Peggy Haines bustle, lace and ribbons, pillow covers and a Susan Kosky hat which was made by Hattie Godfrey from Randy W. LaHote Trudy Johnson; a collection of notebooks, Cheyenne Indian jewelry. By Judith Chrisman) Roy Reynolds Gladys Saborio papers and manuscripts pertaining to Jay Snyder Washtenaw County collected by Olive Bender and donated by Susan Burd; items Susan Cee Wineberg from Ann Arbor's Sesquicentennial from Rachel Crary; a medicine bottle and a lady's Cynthia Yao powder box left in our mailbox by an anonymous donor. Last month we asked your opinion about changing the day of the annual meeting DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE and potluck supper from the third Wednesday in May to the third Sunday in May.
    [Show full text]
  • Football Program
    I BIG \_ MICHIGAN - OHIO STATE MILEAGE WtLllUR E. SNYPP, Editor and Advertising Manager John F. Hummel.. .............. - ..... Circulation Manager National Advertising Representative I' pencer Ad,,ertising Co .• 271 Madison Ave., New York 16 . N.Y. CONTENTS Th~ Un.iversity _Presidents ...................................... 2 Un_1vers1ty of ~1chi_gan Officials .......................... 3 GAIN Oh1.o St~1te U ni versity Officials ............................ 4 Univer _1ty o_f Michigan Scenes ............................ :: 5 I~: lJ~1i:::!1i~~ °Ja:f~:~igan .................................... 6 For Long Mileage in Your Car, The Athletic Council ................................. ·········· 7 Mi~higan <:;oac hing St~iF.:.:.:.: ·o"hi~···st·;;t~····· ~;~·;'~·~·· ~ Oh!o State fackles and Halfbacks ......................... 10 Ohio State Coaching Staff ............. 11 Power Up with Meet the Wolverine ························· O~io .state Football f h~y·~;~·::::::'i4:·T·:·2s ··ai.'iii"!~ ~!1ch1~an Foot'?all Player~ .................... 16,' 26,' 30; 34 SINCLAIR POWER-X Gasoline M~1!ys~areaF:~r:a,~~: Music ................................ 27 Michigan Football Rosf::r ...................................... 3 ......... ............................... 39 Your modern, high-compression engine has super power built in - all the power you'll ever need. What you need most today is better mileage to save you money. Try new Sinclair Power-X, the super-premium gasoline that contains X-Chemical. This exclusive Sinclair ingredient works like a free engine tune-up to give you longer, more economical mile­ age. See your friendly Sinclair Dealer and power up with Power-X, the mileage gasoline with all the power you can use. Dino, the Sinclair Dinosaur, soys: E w1rH cAP. oP.IIIE s1NCLAIR AND BuY SINCLAIR POWER·X ·Sinclair Refining Company, l 55 N. Wod1er Drive, Chicago 6, lllinQH. The University Presidents University of Michigan Officials H.
    [Show full text]
  • The Perceived Economic, Social, and Cultural Impacts of Gaming on a Michigan Indian Tribe
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 4-2000 The Perceived Economic, Social, and Cultural Impacts of Gaming on a Michigan Indian Tribe Maureen Elizabeth Myers Western Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the Indigenous Studies Commons, and the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Myers, Maureen Elizabeth, "The Perceived Economic, Social, and Cultural Impacts of Gaming on a Michigan Indian Tribe" (2000). Dissertations. 1474. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/1474 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PERCEIVED ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL IMPACTS OF GAMING ON A MICHIGAN INDIAN TRIBE by Maureen Elizabeth Myers A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Public Administration School of Public Affairs and Administration Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan April 2000 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE PERCEIVED ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL IMPACTS OF GAMING ON A MICHIGAN INDIAN TRIBE Maureen Elizabeth Myers, D.P.A. Western Michigan University, 2000 The economic, social and cultural effect of tribal gaming on a Michigan Indian tribe is the focus of this study. Twelve individuals, identified as knowledgeable informants, were interviewed on how the tribal community has been impacted by Hie successful ga m in g operations and whether the nature of the gaming enterprises was an important factor.
    [Show full text]