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Dubas Bug, Ommatissus Lybicus (Tropiduchidae: Hemiptera)

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Dubas Bug, Ommatissus Lybicus (Tropiduchidae: Hemiptera) SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 1765 Curtis, K.H., Julie, A.C., Melinda, S.B., Uriel, K., Robert, F.S., Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 44(6), pp. 1765-1769, 2012. John, H.O., Saidi, T.M.N., Peter, M., Orit, H., Joseph, H., Cara, P., Eric, M.M. and Charles, H.K., 2004. Am. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 70: 449-456. Dubas Bug, Ommatissus lybicus Chingwena, G., Mukaratirwa, S., Kristensen, T.K. and (Tropiduchidae: Hemiptera) - A New Chimbari, M., 2002. J. Helminthol., 76: 283-93. Record From Panjgur, Balochistan, Castro–Trejo, L., Garcia-Vasquez, Z. and Casildo-ieto., 1990. Vet Parasitotl., 35: 157-61. Pakistan Dreyfuss, G., Novobilsky, A., Vignoles, P., Bellet, V., Koudela, B. and Rondelaud, D., 2007. J. Helminthol., 81:7-12. Arif Shah,1* Ata-Ul-Mohsin,1 Imran Bodlah,1 1 2 Gohar, H.A.F. and and El-Gindy, H.I., 1960. J. Egypt. med. Muhammad Naeem and Zahid Hafez Assoc., 43:816-835. 1Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Kendall, S.B., 1950. J. Helminthol., 24: 63-74. Rawalpindi, Pakistan 2 Keyyu. J. D., Monrad. J., Kyvsgaard, N.C. and Kassuku, A. A., Department of Agriculture Research Balochistan, 2005. Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod., 37: 303-314. Quetta Krailas, D., Dechruksa, W., Ukong, S. and Janecharut, T., 2003. J. trop. Med. Publ. Hlth., 34: 286-90. Abstract: - Dubas bug, or the Old world Liang, L., Mondal, M.M.H., Idris, M.A., Lokman, H.S., date bug, or plant–hopper of Middle East Rajapakse, R.P.V.J., Satrija, F., Jose, L., Diaz, E., Ommatissus lybicus Bergevin (Tropiduchidae: Suchart, U. and Attwood, S.W., 2010. Parasites and Hemiptera) has been recorded in several vector, 3:57. doi:10-1186/1756-3305. countries in the near East and North Africa. Dubas bug, locally known as Sheragoo (due to Mage, C., Bourgne, H., Toullie, J.M., Rondelaud, D. and secretion of honeydew) is recorded for the first Dreyfuss, G., 2002. Vet. Res., 33: 439-347. time from Pakistan. Its seasonal distribution, Mavenyengwa, M., Mukaratirwa, S., Obwolo, M. and Monrad, host plant, habitat, habits and natural enemies in J., 2006. J. Vet. Res., 73:95-100. Pakistan have been discussed in this paper. Morakot, K. and Sakchai, W., 2006. J. Paraistol. Res., 99: 306- 308. Key words: Dubas bug; Ommatissus lybicus, Tropiduchidae, Hemiptera, date palm, Maqbool, A., Hayat, C.S., Tanveer, A., Salahuddin, M. and honeydew, Sheragoo, biphagous, bivoltine. Ahmad, A., 2003. Iranian J. Vet. Res. Univ. Shiraz, 4:1382. Malek, E.A., 1984. Medical and economic malacology. Academic Press, New York. Date palm is one of the important fruits of Pfukeni, D.M., Monrad, J and Mukaratirwa, S., 2005a. J.S.Afr. Pakistan. The major growing areas are restricted to Vet. Assoc., 71: 9-17. some districts such as Panjgur and Turbat of Pfukeni, D.M., Mukaratirwa, S., Willingham, A.L. and Monrad, Balochistan, Sukker and Khairpure of Sind and D.I. J., 2005b. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res., 72: 67-86. Khan of Khyber Pakhtoonkhawa. Factors such as Philippi, T.G., 1970. Malacologie, 10:113-151. improper fertilization, imbalanced nourishment and Phiri, A.M., Phiri, I.K., Chota, A. and Monrad, J., 2007. J. biotic stress, i.e., red palm weevil, mites and mainly Helminthol., 81: 85-92. the presence of Dubas bug Ommatissus lybicus Rondeland, D., Vignders, P., Fousi, M., Moncef, M. and Bergevin, adversely affect the date yield (GOB, Dreyfuss, G., 2007. Parasitol. Res., 100: 861-865. 2006). Sheikh, B.A., Isani, G.B. and Ansari, N.N., 1984. Pakistan Vet. Dubas bug, so called from the honeydew, J., 4:28. Sri-Aroon, P., Butraporn, P., Limsoomboon, J., Kaewpoolsri, Arabic, dibis (Hussain, 1963), or the Old world date M., Chusongsang, Y., Charoenjai, P., Chusongsang, P., bug (Klein and Venezian, 1985), is also known as Numnuan, S. and Kiatsiri, S., 2007. Southeast Asian J. the Planthopper of Middle East (Howard, 2001). trop. Med. Publ. Hlth., 38:294-301 Dubas bug was first noted as pest of date palm in Szmidi-Adjide, V., Rondelaud, D. and Dryefuss, G., 1994. Bull. Basra area of Iraq, between 1919-1920 Soc. Fr. Parasitol., 12: 183-188. (Ramachandra, 1922) and was named as new Fulgorid, Cinixii, group but the description, (Received 28 April 2011, revised 30 December 2011) ____________________________ * Corresponding author: [email protected] 1766 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS drawing and typical damage symptoms (secretion June and October surveys of infested date orchards of honeydew) assumed that it be the same pest in five Union Councils (UCs) were carried out. In (Dowson, 1936). Since its first record in 1919 from each UC, 10-15 orchards were selected at random. Iraq, it was reported from Iran (1937), Sudan The number of Dubas bug adults were collected (1980), and Israel (mid 1980s) (Afchar, 1938; from infested plants in selected area using an Askari and Bagheri, 2005; El-Haidari, 1982; Klein aspirator and preserved through wet and dry and Venezian, 1985). This notorious pest is now methods for identification and re-description. Both distributed in several countries in the near East and nymphs and adults were also collected by using North Africa (Alfieri, 1933, 1934; Dowson, 1936; yellow sticky traps. Nymphal instars were preserved Hussain, 1974; Gharib, 1966; Hussein and Ali, in alcohol for description purpose. Sampling was 1996; Waller and Bridge, 1978; El-Haidari, 1982; done on weekly basis. El-Haidari and Al-Hafidh, 1986). Specimens were identified according to Date palm is the only host of this bivoltine Asche and Wilson (1989), while the illustrations pest and it is not a diseases vector (Gassouma, 2004; were prepared using a Nikon microscope (SMS- Howard, 2001). It only causes direct damage to date 1500 with 30x 1-11.25x), measurements of different palm by draining sap. In case of heavy infestation, body parts were taken by using an ocular this pest produces extremely large quantities of micrometer in No if microscope (XSZ 107 BN, with honeydew, which cover the leaves and support sooty 10x). Line drawings of important body parts were mold that growth on the honey dew and reduce the prepared with the help of stedler pen (0.2mm). photosynthetic activities (Dowson, 1936; Mokhtar, and Al-Mejeni 1999; Klein and Venezian, 1985; Ommatissus lybicus Bergevin Elwan and Al-Tamiemi, 1999; Gassouma, 2004). (Fig. 1) However, sooty mold was not observed on palm infested with dubas bug in the Arava valley, Israel Ommatissus binotatus var. lybicus Bergevine, (Klein and Venezian, 1985). 1930:20 Dubas bug is considered a major pest of date palm in several countries of Old World (Kelin and Identification characters Venezian, 1985), and it is the ranked one among Lorae dark brown; penis without sub-apical pests of date palm in Iraq (Heil, 2007). In case of tooth or spine heavy infestation, the dubas bug might reduce the crop yield to level less than 50% (Gassouma, 2004). Re-description of female However in Iraq no damage and no losses in Body yellowish green or yellowish earth; 5- production were detected in the presence of this pest 7mm long; about 2.7 times longer than wider at in large numbers on date palms (Ramachandra, thorax. Forewing one times longer than wider. Eyes 1922; Kelin and Venezian, 1985). about 1.4 times longer than wider in dorsal view; The genus Ommatissus has 11 species which distance between eyes is 1.1 times the eyes length. differ based mainly on the extent and position of the Vertex basal width to median length ratio is 1.35- dark marking on the face, lorae and genae, and on 1.61: 1.1. Frons spot quadrilateral; 1.3 times longer male genitalia (Asche and Wilson, 1989). In this than wider. The frons ratio of median length to study, host range, distribution and re-description of width at eyes is about 1.14-1.1. Pronotum 1.1 times Dubas bug was carried out to establish whether the wider than longer; width about 1.8 times shorter Ommatissus lybicus species present in Panjgur is the than distance between two dots on pronotum. sameas that found in other parts of the world. In this Pronotal spot circular, 2.2 times wider than longer. manuscript, this species is presented as a first record Forewing one times longer than wider; about 1.1 from Pakistan. times longer than body size; tegmina and wings translucent. Thorax 1.3 times wider than longer. Materials and methods Hind legs are shown in Figure 1D and genitalia are During the course of 2008-10 in the month of shown in Figure 1E. SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 1767 between two dots (Pronotum): 0.63; Pronotum width: 0.35; Pronotum length: 0.31; Pronotum spot size: 0.6; Frons spot size (length): 0.28; Frons spot size (width): 0.13; Frons spot size length: 0.13; Frons spot width: 0.1. A Male About 1.7 times shorter than female. Abdominal segment 7-8, lack four spots. Description of nymphal instars 1st instar 1.1.23mm, 3 grey spots on each abdominal segment; eyes red; wing buds not developed. nd 2 instar 1.73-2.25mm;2 grey lines along the dorsal side of B C D the body; wing buds extending downward 3rd instar 2-2.23mm;wing buds covering 1st abdominal segment and part of 2nd segment 4th instar 3-4mm; wing buds covering 1-2 part of 3rd segment. 5th instar 2.6-3mm; wing buds covering 1-3 part of 4th segment. Each instar with 16 white waxy filaments (with several finer filaments) at caudal part of body. Remarks E Specimens collected from Pakistan were compared with the description given by Asche and Wilson (1989) and Kelin and Venezian (1985) and found to be similar.
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