Development and Testing of a Standardized Method to Estimate Honeydew Production
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Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Analytical Techniques for Modelling Ommatissus Lybicus (Hemiptera: Tropiduchidae) Habitat and Population Densities
Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Analytical Techniques for Modelling Ommatissus lybicus (Hemiptera: Tropiduchidae) Habitat and Population Densities Khalifa M Al-Kindi 1 , Paul Kwan Corresp., 1 , Nigel Andrew 2 , Mitchell Welch 1 1 School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia 2 Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia Corresponding Author: Paul Kwan Email address: [email protected] In order to understand the distribution and prevalence of Ommatissus lybicus (Homoptera: Tropiduchidae) as well as analyse their current biographical patterns and predict their future spread, comprehensive and highly sophisticated information on the environmental, climatic, and agricultural practices are essential. The analytical techniques available in modern spatial analysis packages, such as Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, can help detect and model spatial links and correlations between the presence, absence and density of O. lybicus in response to climatic, environmental and human factors. The main objective of this paper is to review remote sensing and geographical information analytical techniques that can be applied in mapping and modelling the habitat and population density of O. lybicus in Oman. An exhaustive search of related literature revealed that there are few studies linking location-based infestation levels of pests like the O. lybicus with climatic, environmental and human practice related variables in the Middle East. Our review also highlights the accumulated knowledge and addresses the gaps in this area of research. Furthermore, it makes recommendations for future studies, and gives suggestions on monitoring and surveillance sites that are necessary in designing both local and regional level integrated pest management (IPM) policing of palm tree and other affected cultivated crops. -
Invasive Insects (Adventive Pest Insects) in Florida1
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. ENY-827 Invasive Insects (Adventive Pest Insects) in Florida1 J. H. Frank and M. C. Thomas2 What is an Invasive Insect? include some of the more obscure native species, which still are unrecorded; they do not include some The term 'invasive species' is defined as of the adventive species that have not yet been 'non-native species which threaten ecosystems, detected and/or identified; and they do not specify the habitats, or species' by the European Environment origin (native or adventive) of many species. Agency (2004). It is widely used by the news media and it has become a bureaucratese expression. This is How to Recognize a Pest the definition we accept here, except that for several reasons we prefer the word adventive (meaning they A value judgment must be made: among all arrived) to non-native. So, 'invasive insects' in adventive species in a defined area (Florida, for Florida are by definition a subset (those that are example), which ones are pests? We can classify the pests) of the species that have arrived from abroad more prominent examples, but cannot easily decide (adventive species = non-native species = whether the vast bulk of them are 'invasive' (= pests) nonindigenous species). We need to know which or not, for lack of evidence. To classify them all into insect species are adventive and, of those, which are pests and non-pests we must draw a line somewhere pests. in a continuum ranging from important pests through those that are uncommon and feed on nothing of How to Know That a Species is consequence to humans, to those that are beneficial. -
Insects & Spiders of Kanha Tiger Reserve
Some Insects & Spiders of Kanha Tiger Reserve Some by Aniruddha Dhamorikar Insects & Spiders of Kanha Tiger Reserve Aniruddha Dhamorikar 1 2 Study of some Insect orders (Insecta) and Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Kanha Tiger Reserve by The Corbett Foundation Project investigator Aniruddha Dhamorikar Expert advisors Kedar Gore Dr Amol Patwardhan Dr Ashish Tiple Declaration This report is submitted in the fulfillment of the project initiated by The Corbett Foundation under the permission received from the PCCF (Wildlife), Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, communication code क्रम 車क/ तकनीकी-I / 386 dated January 20, 2014. Kanha Office Admin office Village Baherakhar, P.O. Nikkum 81-88, Atlanta, 8th Floor, 209, Dist Balaghat, Nariman Point, Mumbai, Madhya Pradesh 481116 Maharashtra 400021 Tel.: +91 7636290300 Tel.: +91 22 614666400 [email protected] www.corbettfoundation.org 3 Some Insects and Spiders of Kanha Tiger Reserve by Aniruddha Dhamorikar © The Corbett Foundation. 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used, reproduced, or transmitted in any form (electronic and in print) for commercial purposes. This book is meant for educational purposes only, and can be reproduced or transmitted electronically or in print with due credit to the author and the publisher. All images are © Aniruddha Dhamorikar unless otherwise mentioned. Image credits (used under Creative Commons): Amol Patwardhan: Mottled emigrant (plate 1.l) Dinesh Valke: Whirligig beetle (plate 10.h) Jeffrey W. Lotz: Kerria lacca (plate 14.o) Piotr Naskrecki, Bud bug (plate 17.e) Beatriz Moisset: Sweat bee (plate 26.h) Lindsay Condon: Mole cricket (plate 28.l) Ashish Tiple: Common hooktail (plate 29.d) Ashish Tiple: Common clubtail (plate 29.e) Aleksandr: Lacewing larva (plate 34.c) Jeff Holman: Flea (plate 35.j) Kosta Mumcuoglu: Louse (plate 35.m) Erturac: Flea (plate 35.n) Cover: Amyciaea forticeps preying on Oecophylla smargdina, with a kleptoparasitic Phorid fly sharing in the meal. -
Differences in the Sugar Composition of the Honeydew of Polyphagous
NOTE Eur. J. Entomol. 108: 705–709, 2011 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1671 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Differences in the sugar composition of the honeydew of polyphagous brown soft scale Coccus hesperidum (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) feeding on various host plants KATARZYNA GOLAN 1 and AGNIESZKA NAJDA2 1Department of Entomology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, LeszczyĔskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, LeszczyĔskiego 58, 20-068 Lublin, Poland Key words. Coccoidea, Coccus hesperidum, brown scale insects, honeydew, host plants, soft scale, sugar composition Abstract. Plant chemical composition is an important determinant of host plant-insect interactions. For many insects sugars are the main factors determining the acceptability of a plant. This study investigated changes in plant chemical composition and differences in sugar composition of different host plants induced by the feeding of Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoi- dea). Present in plant extracts and honeydew there were three monosaccharide sugars: glucose, fructose and arabinose, and one disaccharide – sucrose. Arabinose was only found in extracts of Ficus benjamina plants. The sugar content of the honeydew was greater than in the extracts of control plants and lower than that in the extracts of infested plants. The honeydew collected from C. hesperidum feeding on the three plant species differed significantly in sugar content. Extracts of coccid infested plants of the three species used in this study contained more sugar than the un-infested control plants. The results show that honeydew composition of scale insects differ and the differences reflect the chemical composition of the host plants. -
Coccidology. the Study of Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (E-Journal) Revista Corpoica – Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (2008) 9(2), 55-61 RevIEW ARTICLE Coccidology. The study of scale insects (Hemiptera: Takumasa Kondo1, Penny J. Gullan2, Douglas J. Williams3 Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) Coccidología. El estudio de insectos ABSTRACT escama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: A brief introduction to the science of coccidology, and a synopsis of the history, Coccoidea) advances and challenges in this field of study are discussed. The changes in coccidology since the publication of the Systema Naturae by Carolus Linnaeus 250 years ago are RESUMEN Se presenta una breve introducción a la briefly reviewed. The economic importance, the phylogenetic relationships and the ciencia de la coccidología y se discute una application of DNA barcoding to scale insect identification are also considered in the sinopsis de la historia, avances y desafíos de discussion section. este campo de estudio. Se hace una breve revisión de los cambios de la coccidología Keywords: Scale, insects, coccidae, DNA, history. desde la publicación de Systema Naturae por Carolus Linnaeus hace 250 años. También se discuten la importancia económica, las INTRODUCTION Sternorrhyncha (Gullan & Martin, 2003). relaciones filogenéticas y la aplicación de These insects are usually less than 5 mm códigos de barras del ADN en la identificación occidology is the branch of in length. Their taxonomy is based mainly de insectos escama. C entomology that deals with the study of on the microscopic cuticular features of hemipterous insects of the superfamily Palabras clave: insectos, escama, coccidae, the adult female. -
Bushhopper Stalk-Eyed Fly Coconut Crab Periodical Cicada
PIOTR NASKRECKI PHOTO BANNERS HANGING IN CHANGING EXHIBIT GALLERY Bushhopper Stalk-Eyed Fly Phymateus viridipes Diasemopsis fasciata Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique A nymph of the bushhopper from Mozambique Like antlers on a deer’s head, the long can afford to be slow and conspicuous thanks eyestalks on this fly’s head are used in maleto- to the toxins in its body. These insects feed male combat, allowing the individual with on plants rich in poisonous metabolites, the largest stalks to win access to females including some that can cause heart failure, so most predators avoid them. Coconut Crab Periodical Cicada Birgus latro Magicicada septendecim Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands Annandale, Virginia The coconut crab is not just another land Periodical cicadas spend seventeen years crab; it is the largest living terrestrial underground, feeding on the roots of plants. invertebrate, reaching a weight of nine After that time they all emerge at the same pounds and a leg span of over three feet. time, causing consternation in people and Their lifespan is equally impressive, and the a feeding frenzy in birds. A newly emerged largest individuals are believed to be forty to (eclosed) periodical cicada is almost snow sixty years old. white, but within a couple of hours its body darkens and the exoskeleton becomes hard. BIG BUGS • Dec. 31, 2015 - April 17, 2016 Virginia Living Museum • 524 J. Clyde Morris Blvd. • Newport News, VA 23601 • 757-595-1900 • thevlm.org PIOTR NASKRECKI PHOTO BANNERS HANGING IN CHANGING EXHIBIT GALLERY Dung Beetles Lappet Moth Kheper aegyptiorum Chrysopsyche lutulenta Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique Dung beetles are very important members of At the beginning of the dry season in Savanna communities. -
Major Insect Pest of Willow –Wood Used for Manufacture of Cricket Bat
Major insect pest of willow RASHTRIYA KRISHI Volume 14 Issue 1 June, 2019 55-56 ISSN–0974–0759 | Article |Visit us : www.researchjournal.co.in| Major insect pest of willow –Wood used for manufacture of cricket bat industry Muneer Ahmad Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir (J&K) India (Email: [email protected]) Cricket bat industry of traditional tools with modern technology. India : Traditional Indian Kashmiri bats require constant knocking and oiling to cricket bats are made in the make the bat good enough to use in a cricket match. regions of Jammu and Knocking makes the fibres of the willow blade compress Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, together, which helps the bat bear the impact of the ball. Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh Another major aspect of taking care of such bats is oiling. and Rajasthan. In Kashmir Oil is applied on the back, toe, front and edges of the bat they are made out to make it more durable and to ensure the fibres get knitted of willow found in northern properly.Some of the areas where these bats are made in India. Some bats made in Kashmir are Anantnag, Baramula and Pahalgam.There Kashmir are of international are many Pests which attack willow plant in Kashmir. standards and are/were used One among them is giant willow Aphid. by national players. Fig. 1: Kashmir willow Tuberolachnus salignus (Giant Willow Aphid) Kashmiri willow bats: The cricket bat Identification and distribution: Tuberolachnus willow used in making these salignus are very large aphids with a body length of 5.0- bats was brought in by the British, who ruled India, during 5.8 mm. -
Monitoring Giant Willow Aphid (Tuberolachnus Salignus) on Apple Trees in Close Proximity to Infested Willows
Poster Abstracts 319 Monitoring giant willow aphid (Tuberolachnus salignus) on apple trees in close proximity to infested willows D.R. Wallis and P.W. Shaw Plant & Food Research, Old Mill Road, Motueka 7198, New Zealand Corresponding author: [email protected] The giant willow aphid, was first found in New Zealand in 2013 and is now established throughout the country. An orchardist in the Tasman district reported infestation of his commercial block of young ‘Envy’ apple trees after harvest in May 2016, adjacent to two large willow trees heavily infested with giant willow aphid. Regular observations commenced soon after to determine seasonal activity, apple tree infestation, timing and impact and any alternative host plants or possible natural enemies. Key observations since are that the giant willow aphids appear in late September on willow shoots near the base of the tree reaching low numbers before disappearing again in late November. At this time, a ladybird species (Adalia bipunctata), where observed in the willows and on other plants nearby. In late December the aphids reappeared on the willows and numbers built to a peak in late February and remained on the willows until leaf fall. The aphids were not seen on the apple trees in any significant numbers until February when infestation and feeding continued until late autumn. After two seasons of infestation, the apple trees closest to the infested willows are now visibly ‘sick’ with yellowing leaves, stunted growth, reduced fruit production and branches blackened with sooty mould. Insect pests in stored grain: a Canterbury example J.B. Drummond1, J.W.M. -
Studies on Lac Insect (Kerria Lacca) for Conservation of Biodiversity In
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2014; 2 (1): 1-5 Studies on lac insect (Kerria lacca) for conservation of ISSN 2320-7078 JEZS 2014; 2 (1): 1-5 biodiversity in Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha, India © 2014 JEZS Received: 01-12-2014 Accepted: 07-01-2014 J. Mohanta, D. G. Dey, N. Mohanty Jhilly Mohanta ABSTRACT P. G. Department of Zoology, The lac insect, Kerria lacca Kerr (Coccoidea: Homoptera) is well known for its valuable resin. It North Orissa University, Takatpur, thrives on host plants like Palas, Kusum and Ber. An attempt has been made to study culture of lac in Baripada -757003, Mayurbhanj, non-conventional method of cultivation in peripheral and buffer zones of Similipal Biosphere Odisha, India. Reserve (SBR) where farmers are practicing in a conventional way. The initial density of settlement of larva ranged between 92.58-126.74 no. /cm2 and 93.12-109.62 no. /cm2 in Kusmi strain on Kusum Dolagobinda Dey and Ber trees, respectively. For Rangeeni strain it was 82.67-118.32 no. /cm2. The sex ratio (male: Department of Zoology, female) was found to be 1:3 for all the crops, strains and host plants. The range of resin output per Udala College, Udala, Mayurbhanj- cell was 17.00-21.40 mg for winter crop and 19.00-25.60 mg for summer crop of Kusmi strain on 757041, Odisha, India. Kusum and Ber plants. For Rangeeni strain on Palas plant it was 05.30-11.20 mg for rainy crop and Nakulananda Mohanty 18.72 -23.00 mg for summer crop. -
The Mexican Lac Scale Tachardiella Mexicana (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Kerriidae)1 Ian Stocks2
EENY 552 The Mexican Lac Scale Tachardiella mexicana (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Kerriidae)1 Ian Stocks2 Introduction with a reddish-orange tint around the edges, and darker toward the center. In some specimens white, string-like The Mexican lac scale, Tachardiella mexicana (Comstock) wax fiber extrusions project from the dorsum of the test, (Hemiptera: Kerriidae), is native to Mexico and Texas. This but these may break off. In heavy infestations, the tests of species was first discovered in Florida in 1985 at a theme multiple females will develop into a single, aggregated mass park in Lake Buena Vista, and a second population was such that the distinctive appearance of the individual tests discovered in 1987 at a nursery in Seminole County that is is lost (Figure 3). The test darkens as the scale matures. no longer in business. In 2006, a population was discovered The female scale, which is a deep red color, lives inside the in Fort Myers (Lee County), and a re-sampling of the area test and requires a special procedure to remove without in 2010 revealed that the populations were established on damage. Proper identification requires that specimens be the host trees. Before June 2010, all host records, including slide-mounted. both previously published host records and unpublished host records maintained by the Division of Plant Industry (DPI), were from fabaceous plants such as Acacia spp., Pitheleocelobium flexicaule, Ebenopsis ebano, and Lysiloma spp. However, in June 2010, a second population at Lake Buena Vista was discovered feeding on wax myrtle, Myrica cerifera (Myricaceae). Distribution This scale is found from central to southern Texas, Arizona, Figure 1. -
Sucrose Triggers Honeydew Preference in the Ghost Ant, Tapinoma Melanocephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) A
Sucrose triggers honeydew preference in the ghost ant, Tapinoma melanocephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) A. M. Zhou1, 2,*, B. Q. Kuang2, Y. R. Gao2, and G. W. Liang2 Abstract Honeydew produced by hemipterans mediates mutualistic interactions between ants and hemipterans. Previous studies demonstrated that the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) produce abundant honeydew and attract a large number of tending ants. Ghost ants, Tapinoma melanocephalum (F.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), show a significant preference for mealybug honeydew over aphid honeydew. Although many studies have indicated that the honeydew produced by hemip- terans plays an important role in ant–hemipteran interactions, we know little about what triggers ants’ foraging preferences. Our results showed that the honeydew produced by both mealybugs and aphids contained fructose, sucrose, trehalose, melezitose, raffinose, and rhamnose. There were no significant difference in the concentrations of the various sugars between mealybugs and aphids, except sucrose. Xylose was present only in mealy- bug honeydew, and glucose was present only in aphid honeydew. We also found no substantial difference in the excretion frequency and the total weight of honeydew produced per 24 h between mealybugs and aphids. Ghost ants preferred sucrose. In addition, attractiveness of sucrose solutions increased significantly with increasing concentration. These results suggest that sucrose is the trigger for ghost ants’ honeydew preference. Key Words: ant–hemipteran mutualism; sugar composition; sugar concentration Resumen La mielcilla producida por hemípteros regula las interacciones mutualistas entre las hormigas y los hemípteros. Los estudios anteriores demostraron que la cochinilla harinosa Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) y el áfido Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) producen mielcilla abundante y atraen a un gran número de hormigas que atienden. -
Impacts of Human-Related Practices on Ommatissus Lybicus Infestations of Date Palm in Oman
RESEARCH ARTICLE Impacts of human-related practices on Ommatissus lybicus infestations of date palm in Oman Khalifa M. Al-Kindi1*, Paul Kwan1, Nigel R. Andrew2, Mitchell Welch1 1 School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia, 2 Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia * [email protected] a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 a1111111111 Date palm cultivation is economically important in the Sultanate of Oman, with significant a1111111111 financial investments coming from both the government and private individuals. However, a a1111111111 widespread Dubas bug (DB) (Ommatissus lybicus Bergevin) infestation has impacted regions including the Middle East, North Africa, Southeast Russia, and Spain, resulting in widespread damages to date palms. In this study, techniques in spatial statistics including ordinary least squares (OLS), geographically weighted regression (GRW), and exploratory OPEN ACCESS regression (ER) were applied to (a) model the correlation between DB infestations and Citation: Al-Kindi KM, Kwan P, Andrew NR, Welch human-related practices that include irrigation methods, row spacing, palm tree density, and M (2017) Impacts of human-related practices on Ommatissus lybicus infestations of date palm in management of undercover and intercropped vegetation, and (b) predict the locations of Oman. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0171103. doi:10.1371/ future DB infestations in northern Oman. Firstly, we extracted row spacing and palm tree journal.pone.0171103 density information from remote sensed satellite images. Secondly, we collected data on irri- Editor: Manuel JoaquõÂn Reigosa, University of gation practices and management by using a simple questionnaire, augmented with spatial Vigo, SPAIN data.