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A Brief Ethnohistory of Rapa Island, French Polynesia, AD 1791–1840
2 ‘Dwelling carelessly, quiet and secure’ A brief ethnohistory of Rapa Island, French Polynesia, AD 1791–1840 Atholl Anderson Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, [email protected] Introduction In 1826, the first European missionary to Rapa, the Rev. John Davies, quoted Judges 18:7 in seeing the Rapans as ‘dwelling carelessly, quiet and secure, and having no business with any man’ (in Stokes n.d.:28; an idiomatic rendering of the passage). It was to some extent, possibly to a great extent, quite illusory. Rapa was certainly isolated by comparison with most of East Polynesia, and it was small, mountainous and relatively cold, but even the first European visitors found that Rapans exhibited evidence of contact with the outside world, and within Rapan traditions, historical observations and ethnographic data which together form the stuff of ethnohistory, the theme of contact and change is illustrated continually. Rapan society was East Polynesian in ancestry and culture. Rapans spoke an East Polynesian language, but its closest affinities were puzzling for a long time. The earliest historical contacts with Rapans showed that they found both Hawaiian and Tahitian largely unintelligible and later characterisation of Rapan by European scholars was confused because of the early introduction of Tahitian by missionaries and, after 1863, of other Polynesian languages by Tongans, Tokelauans and Cook Islanders, whose descendants came eventually to represent nearly half of the population (Stokes 1955). Samuel Stutchbury had observed, presciently, in 1826 (in Richards 2004:5) that the Rapan language was ‘something resembling the Marquesan’, but Horatio Hale (1968:141), about 1840, ‘obtained at Tahiti, from a native of Rapa, a brief vocabulary of the language spoken there, which turns out to be, with a few verbal exceptions, pure Rarotongan, and this in its minute peculiarities’, while the missionaries William Ellis (1838) and M. -
The Cultural Landscapes of the Pacific Islands Anita Smith 17
World Heritage Convention Cultural Landscapes of the Pacific Islands ICOMOS Thematic study Anita Smith and Kevin L. Jones December 2007 ICOMOS 49-51 rue de la Fédération – 75015 Paris Tel +33 (0)1 45 67 67 70 – Fax +33 (0)1 45 66 06 22 www.icomos.org – [email protected] Contents Part 1: Foreword Susan Denyer 3 Part 2: Context for the Thematic Study Anita Smith 5 - Purpose of the thematic study 5 - Background to the thematic study 6 - ICOMOS 2005 “Filling the Gaps - An Action Plan for the Future” 10 - Pacific Island Cultural Landscapes: making use of this study 13 Part 3: Thematic Essay: The Cultural Landscapes of the Pacific Islands Anita Smith 17 The Pacific Islands: a Geo-Cultural Region 17 - The environments and sub-regions of the Pacific 18 - Colonization of the Pacific Islands and the development of Pacific Island societies 22 - European contact, the colonial era and decolonisation 25 - The “transported landscapes” of the Pacific 28 - Principle factors contributing to the diversity of cultural Landscapes in the Pacific Islands 30 Organically Evolved Cultural Landscapes of the Pacific 31 - Pacific systems of horticulture – continuing cultural landscapes 32 - Change through time in horticultural systems - relict horticultural and agricultural cultural landscapes 37 - Arboriculture in the Pacific Islands 40 - Land tenure and settlement patterns 40 - Social systems and village structures 45 - Social, ceremonial and burial places 47 - Relict landscapes of war in the Pacific Islands 51 - Organically evolved cultural landscapes in the Pacific Islands: in conclusion 54 Cultural Landscapes of the Colonial Era 54 Associative Cultural Landscapes and Seascapes 57 - Storied landscapes and seascapes 58 - Traditional knowledge: associations with the land and sea 60 1 Part 4: Cultural Landscape Portfolio Kevin L. -
Analysing the Origin of Māui the Semi-Divine Trickster in Polynesian Mythology*
Analysing the Origin of Māui the Semi-Divine Trickster in Polynesian Mythology* Martina Bucková Analýza pôvodu polobožského kultúrneho hrdinu Māuiho v polynézskej mytológii Resumé Kultúrny hrdina Māui je fenomén, ktorý sa objavuje takmer vo všetkých mytologických systémoch Polynézie. Pozoruhodný je jeho pôvod, ktorý je zvyčajne sčasti božský a sčasti ľudský. Príspevok analyzuje rôzne varianty polynézskych mýtov a zameriava sa najmä na informácie týkajúce sa jeho pôvodu, okolností narodenia, varianty mien rodičov a súrodencov. Abstract The cultural hero Māui is a phenomenon that occurs in nearly all the mytholo- gical systems of Polynesia. His origin is remarkable and is mostly partly divine and partly human. This paper analyses different variants of the Polynesian myths about Māui, espe- cially focusing on his origin, the circumstances of his birth and variants of his parents’ names and siblings. Keywords Polynesia, Mythology · Māui, Analysis of Variants in the Tradition A trickster or culture hero is a mythical being found in the mythologies of many archaic societies. In some mythologies, the culture hero is given a divine origin; in others he is a demigod or only a spirit that acts on the command of a higher deity. Prometheus, for example, was of a purely divine origin. According to Hesiod’s Theogony, he was the son of Iapetus and the Oceanid Clymene. Māui of Polynesia is an example of a culture hero who was present in most versions of myths of semi-divine origin: in Maori mythology he came from the 156 SOS 13 · 2 (2014) lineage of Tu-mata-uenga, and in Hawaiian mythology his mother was the goddess Hina-a-he-ahi (‘Hina of the fire’). -
Mavae and Tofiga
Mavae and Tofiga Spatial Exposition of the Samoan Cosmogony and Architecture Albert L. Refiti A thesis submitted to� The Auckland University of Technology �In fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Art & Design� Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies 2014 Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... i Attestation of Authorship ...................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... vi Dedication ............................................................................................................................ viii Abstract .................................................................................................................................... ix Preface ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Leai ni tusiga ata: There are to be no drawings ............................................................. 1 2. Tautuanaga: Rememberance and service ....................................................................... 4 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 6 Spacing .................................................................................................................................. -
The Journ Al of the Polynesian Society
THE JOURNAL OF THE POLYNESIAN SOCIETY VOLUME 124 No.2 JUNE 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE POLYNESIAN SOCIETY Volume 124 JUNE 2015 Number 2 Editors JUDITH HUNTSMAN MELINDA S. ALLEN Review Editors LYN CARTER ETHAN COCHRANE Editorial Assistant DOROTHY BROWN Published quarterly by the Polynesian Society (Inc.), Auckland, New Zealand Cover image: Mary Kawena Pukui performing “Mukiki Wai” (in a film); Hawaii, c. 1930. Still photo by Tiki George, from a film by Vivienne Mader. Photograph courtesy of Bishop Museum. Mader collection. Published in New Zealand by the Polynesian Society (Inc.) Copyright © 2015 by the Polynesian Society (Inc.) Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Inquiries should be made to: Hon. Secretary [email protected]. The Polynesian Society c/- Mäori Studies The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019, Auckland ISSN 0032-4000 (print) ISSN 2230-5955 (online) Indexed in CURRENT CONTENTS, Behavioural, Social and Managerial Sciences, in INDEX TO NEW ZEALAND PERIODICALS, and in ANTHROPOLOGICAL INDEX. AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND Volume 124 JUNE 2015 Number 2 CONTENTS Notes and News ..................................................................................... 127 Articles JEFFERY SISSONS Personhood as History: Mäori Conversion in Light of the Polynesian Iconoclasm ............................................................. 129 MICHAEL P.J. REILLY Ngaru: A Culture Hero of Mangaia ..................................................... 147 ADRIENNE L. KAEPPLER Two Hawaiian Dancers and Their Daughters ...................................... 189 Reviews Mallon, Sean, Kolokesa Mahina-Tuai and Damon Salesa (eds): Tangata o le Moana: New Zealand and the People of the Pacific. MICHELLE SCHAAF .............................................................................. -
And Reptiles on Niue Island
STATU S OF BIRDS, PEKA (FLYING FOXES) AND REPTILES ON NIUE ISLAND SEPTEMBER 2012 SPREP Library/IRC Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) Butler, D.J., Powlesland, R.G. and Westbrooke, I.M. Status of birds, peka (flying foxes) and reptiles on Niue Island. – Apia, Samoa : SPREP, 2012. 34 p. 29 cm. ISBN: 978-982-04-0468-7 (print) 978-982-04-467-0 (online) 1.Wildlife conservation – Niue. 2. Bird population – Niue. 3. Birds – Niue I. Butler, Ben. II. Powlesland, D.J. III. Westbrooke, I.M. IV. Department of Environment, Niue. V. Government of Niue. VI. Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) VII. Title. 333.9516 09626 Cover photo: Lupe, Pacific-imperial Pidgeon. Photo: Tavita Togia. © Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme 2012 All rights for commercial / for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. SPREP authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided that SPREP and the source document are properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the document and / or translate in whole, in any form, whether for commercial / for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme P.O. Box 240, Apia, Samoa. Telephone: + 685 21929, Fax: + 685 20231 www.sprep.org The Pacific environment, sustaining our livelihoods and natural heritage in harmony with our cultures. Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme Status of birds, peka (flying foxes) and reptiles on Niue Island SEPTEMBER 2012 REPORT TO THE SECRETARIAT OF THE PACIFIC REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (SPREP) AND THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT (DOE), GOVERNMENT OF NIUE D.J. -
Cultural Landscapes of the Pacific Islands Anita Smith 17
Contents Part 1: Foreword Susan Denyer 3 Part 2: Context for the Thematic Study Anita Smith 5 - Purpose of the thematic study 5 - Background to the thematic study 6 - ICOMOS 2005 “Filling the Gaps - An Action Plan for the Future” 10 - Pacific Island Cultural Landscapes: making use of this study 13 Part 3: Thematic Essay: The Cultural Landscapes of the Pacific Islands Anita Smith 17 The Pacific Islands: a Geo-Cultural Region 17 - The environments and sub-regions of the Pacific 18 - Colonization of the Pacific Islands and the development of Pacific Island societies 22 - European contact, the colonial era and decolonisation 25 - The “transported landscapes” of the Pacific 28 - Principle factors contributing to the diversity of cultural Landscapes in the Pacific Islands 30 Organically Evolved Cultural Landscapes of the Pacific 31 - Pacific systems of horticulture – continuing cultural landscapes 32 - Change through time in horticultural systems - relict horticultural and agricultural cultural landscapes 37 - Arboriculture in the Pacific Islands 40 - Land tenure and settlement patterns 40 - Social systems and village structures 45 - Social, ceremonial and burial places 47 - Relict landscapes of war in the Pacific Islands 51 - Organically evolved cultural landscapes in the Pacific Islands: in conclusion 54 Cultural Landscapes of the Colonial Era 54 Associative Cultural Landscapes and Seascapes 57 - Storied landscapes and seascapes 58 - Traditional knowledge: associations with the land and sea 60 1 Part 4: Cultural Landscape Portfolio Kevin L. Jones 63 Part 5: The Way Forward Susan Denyer, Kevin L. Jones and Anita Smith 117 - Findings of the study 117 - Protection, conservation and management 119 - Recording and documentation 121 - Recommendations for future work 121 Annexes Annex I - References 123 Annex II - Illustrations 131 2 PART 1: Foreword Cultural landscapes have the capacity to be read as living records of the way societies have interacted with their environment over time. -
Eruera Te Whiti Nia 2009 a Thesis Submitted To
ARE KORERO THIS PROJECT IS A SCULPTURAL AND SPATIAL RESPONSE TO THE CONCEPT OF THE ARE KORERO {HOUSE OF HISTORY AND LEARNING} WITHIN THE PAEPAE ARIKI, TAPUTAPUATEA. ERUERA TE WHITI NIA 2009 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO AUCKLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF A DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ART AND DESIGN (MA & D) SCHOOL OF ART AND DESIGN PRIMARY SUPERVISOR NATALIE ROBERTSON 20101 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2.3 Tupuna sculptures. ....................................................................................67 Title page ............................................................................................................1 2.4 Akairo Papa’anga tupuna .........................................................................70 Table of Contents ........................................................................................... 2 2.5 Aronga Mana Design. ...............................................................................73 Attestation of Authorship ...............................................................................3 Dedication ..........................................................................................................3 Chapter 3 Haupapa sculptural constructions List of Figures ...................................................................................................4 3.1 Tongan Lalava, Polynesian Lashing. .......................................................77 Co Authored Works ........................................................................................12 -
RAROTONGA, AITUTAKI, ATIU and SISTER ISLANDS London
visit us at: COOK ISLANDS GUIDE COOKISLANDS.TRAVEL RAROTONGA, AITUTAKI, ATIU AND SISTER ISLANDS London Berlin Vancouver Rome Beijing Seoul To kyo Los Angeles Hong Kong Honolulu Tahiti Perth Capetown Sydney Auckland Kia Orana iscover our hidden gem of the South Pacific and you’ll see why there’s so much more to a little paradise. Unspoilt, simple and so easy to get around, you can explore and play as much or as little as you want in this oasis of absolute freedom. Let the untouched charm of these beautiful islands and friendly locals capture your spirit and envelope your heart. The 15 islands of the Cooks lie halfway between New Zealand and Hawaii, scattered like fragrant flower petals floating across 2.2 million square kilometres of a serene, opulent ocean. Boasting rare beauty, an idyllic climate, warm welcoming people with heart felt smiles and a pace of life unsurpassed. We invite you to endless adventure, romance and pure relaxation. Come explore and share the Cook Islands with us, and discover why everyone loves a little paradise. For more information regarding flight schedules to the Cook Islands please refer to: www.cookislands.travel/flightinformation cookislands.travel | 3 CONTENTS Welcome 2 How to get here 4 HOW TO Rarotonga – our capital 6 purchase duty-free goods. Be prepared to Aitutaki – heaven on earth 24 GET HERE receive a traditional ei, a garland of fragrant flowers as you leave the airport. The best part Atiu – the island of birds 36 is yet to come, a trip from the airport to your Mauke – the garden island 42 Although we’re a little paradise, we’re accommodation right on the beach is less serviced by big players: Air New Zealand than 30 minutes, anywhere on the island. -
Myths and Songs from the South Pacific, Which the Rev
MYTHS AND SONGS "^JjMhSii^i^^ MYTHS AND SONGS FROM THE SOUTH PACIFIC. — — —— — NEW BOOKS. THE CHILDHOOD OF THE WORLD : A Simple Account of Man in Early Times. By Edward Clodd, F.R.A.S. New Edition. Crown 8vo. 3s. " Likely to prove acceptable to a large and growing class of readers."—PaH Mall Gazette. " The book is one which very young children could understand, and which grown- up persons may run through with pleasure and advantage." Spectator. " Its style is simply exquisite, and it is filled with most curious information."— Christian World. " I read your book with great pleasure. I have no doubt it will do good, and hope you will continue your work. Nothing spoils our temper so much as having to unlearn in youth, manhood, and even old age, so many things which we were taught as children. A book like yours will prepare a far better soil in the child's mind, and I was delighted to have it to read to my children." (Extract from a Letter from Professor JIax Mullek to the Author). THE CHILDHOOD OJ RELIGIONS : Including a Simple Account of the Birth and Growth of Myth.s and Legends. By Edwakd Clodd, F.R.A.S. Crown 8vo. 5s. " His language is simple, clear, and impressive. His faculty of disentangling complicated masses of detail, and compressing much information into small space, with such felicitous arrangement and expression as never to over-tax the attention or abate the interest of the reader, is very remarkable." Examiner. "The style is very charming. There is something in the author's enthusiasm, something in the pellucid simplicity of his easy prose, which beguiles the reader along." Academy. -
CBD Sixth National Report
Niue’s Sixth National Report Convention on Biological Diversity August 2020 Department of Environment GOVERNMENT OF NIUE 1 Table of Contents Executive summary ......................................................................................................................................... i Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... v Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Section I. Targets being pursued at the national level................................................................................ 2 National Target 1: Protection of biological diversity .............................................................................. 3 National Target 2: Policy, planning and institutional frameworks ......................................................... 4 National Target 3: Local communities and customs ............................................................................... 5 National Target 4: Institutional strengthening ........................................................................................ 6 National Target 5: Financial sustainability .............................................................................................. -
Niue's National Invasive Species Strategy and Action
Cook Islands National Invasive Species Strategy And Action Plan 2019 - 2025 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................... 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................. 5 KEY CONCEPTS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................................... 7 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction to Cook Islands ............................................................................................................ 9 What is an invasive species (IS)? ................................................................................................... 11 The vital importance of invasive species to Cook Islands ............................................................. 12 Other significant invasive species in the Cook Islands .................................................................. 14 Priority invasive species on different islands ................................................................................. 16 Invasive species intercepted at the Border ..................................................................................... 16 Recent occurrences of new invasive species in the Cook Islands .................................................. 18 Invasive species are