DOCSLIB.ORG

Cultural Landscapes of the Pacific Islands Anita Smith 17

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Contents Part 1: Foreword Susan Denyer 3 Part 2: Context for the Thematic Study Anita Smith 5 - Purpose of the thematic study 5 - Background to the thematic study 6 - ICOMOS 2005 “Filling the Gaps - An Action Plan for the Future” 10 - Pacific Island Cultural Landscapes: making use of this study 13 Part 3: Thematic Essay: The Cultural Landscapes of the Pacific Islands Anita Smith 17 The Pacific Islands: a Geo-Cultural Region 17 - The environments and sub-regions of the Pacific 18 - Colonization of the Pacific Islands and the development of Pacific Island societies 22 - European contact, the colonial era and decolonisation 25 - The “transported landscapes” of the Pacific 28 - Principle factors contributing to the diversity of cultural Landscapes in the Pacific Islands 30 Organically Evolved Cultural Landscapes of the Pacific 31 - Pacific systems of horticulture – continuing cultural landscapes 32 - Change through time in horticultural systems - relict horticultural and agricultural cultural landscapes 37 - Arboriculture in the Pacific Islands 40 - Land tenure and settlement patterns 40 - Social systems and village structures 45 - Social, ceremonial and burial places 47 - Relict landscapes of war in the Pacific Islands 51 - Organically evolved cultural landscapes in the Pacific Islands: in conclusion 54 Cultural Landscapes of the Colonial Era 54 Associative Cultural Landscapes and Seascapes 57 - Storied landscapes and seascapes 58 - Traditional knowledge: associations with the land and sea 60 1 Part 4: Cultural Landscape Portfolio Kevin L. Jones 63 Part 5: The Way Forward Susan Denyer, Kevin L. Jones and Anita Smith 117 - Findings of the study 117 - Protection, conservation and management 119 - Recording and documentation 121 - Recommendations for future work 121 Annexes Annex I - References 123 Annex II - Illustrations 131 2 PART 1: Foreword Cultural landscapes have the capacity to be read as living records of the way societies have interacted with their environment over time. This record may present highly distinctive settlement patterns, or it may present landscapes that reflect common approaches widely scattered in space and time. Both of these are true for the Pacific where the study of cultural landscapes is opening a large window on particularly distinctive interactions found in the Pacific Islands, which also have strong associations with collective memories of migrations, stories of origins and sacred rituals. The compilation of this study coincided with the first meeting of the World Heritage Committee in the Pacific Islands Region in Christchurch, New Zealand, in June/July 2007. A draft version was presented on that occasion and elicited strong interest and support from Committee members. ICOMOS thematic studies are produced to support possible nominations for World Heritage status through summarising available evidence in a specific theme (original research or survey work is not undertaken), and highlighting the potential of regions to contribute to the World Heritage List. They do not aim to identify outstanding universal value in individual sites – as this could compromise the subsequent assessment process – but provide material that could help States Parties identify potential sites and undertake comparative assessments to show how the value of the sites might be justified and the Word Heritage criteria met. World Heritage sites are inscribed if they can demonstrate outstanding universal value and have in some way been, and still are, influential in a wider than local or national arena. Susan Denyer World Heritage Adviser, ICOMOS Acknowledgements Many people have contributed ideas and data for this study, particularly representatives of the State Parties covered by this study* through workshops that highlighted the need for this work. The study has made use of both published and unpublished material and we are grateful to authors acknowledged in footnotes for their permissions. In particular, the authors wish to acknowledge the help of the following: Matthew Campbell, Tim Denham, Paul Dingwall, Julie Field, Helen Gardner, Ian Lilley, Bronek Kazmierow, Matiu Prebble, Nigel Prickett, Christophe Sand, Matthew Spriggs, Glen Summerhayes, Ariihau Tuheiava, Albert Vaea, Richard Walter, Marshall Weisler, the Alliance Française (Wellington) and the Auckland Museum. 3 The study was supported by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre. *States Parties covered by this study: Aotearoa/New Zealand, Chile, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji Islands, France, Great Britain, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Kingdom of Tonga, Kiribati, Niue, Palau, Republic of Marshall Islands, Samoa, United States of America, and Vanuatu. The authors: Dr Anita Smith is an archaeologist who has worked in the Pacific Islands since the early 1990s. Since 2002, she has worked closely with Pacific Island State Parties and the World Heritage Centre to increase capacity in the identification and management of cultural heritage in the Pacific region, and since 2004 on programs associated with the World Heritage Pacific 2009 program. From 2005 – 2007, Anita was the convenor of the Australia ICOMOS World Heritage reference group and she is currently a member of the Australian delegation on the World Heritage Committee. Kevin L. Jones has worked in Thailand and has published many papers and books on aerial photography and the field archaeology of New Zealand, including the recent Penguin Field Guide to New Zealand Archaeology. He currently works for the Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai, New Zealand. In preparing this Thematic Study, ICOMOS would especially like to acknowledge the contribution of Anita Smith and Kevin L. Jones who wrote the text, Susan Denyer for her important insights and the International Secretariat (Joan Domicelj and Regina Durighello) who coordinated and edited the study. 4 PART 2: Context for the Thematic Study Anita Smith Purpose of Thematic Study The Pacific Island region spans a quarter of the globe and contains the cultural heritage of more than a two thousand islands ranging from the continental islands of New Zealand and Papua New Guinea to the tiny remote atolls of the central and east Pacific Ocean. This Oceanic world has given rise to traditional indigenous ways of life that are unique to the region and expressed through outstanding cultural landscapes and seascapes, settlements and monuments and in the intangible heritage of traditions, knowledge, stories, song, music and dance. This heritage reflects the common origin and interaction of many Pacific Island societies and the distinct traditional ways of life that have developed in each archipelago. Pacific Island societies include the linguistically diverse communities of Melanesia, those of Polynesia where histories tell of a single homeland and the Micronesians, some of the world’s most isolated communities that attest to the great navigational and seafaring skills of their ancestors. The Pacific Island region is currently one of the most underrepresented regions on the World Heritage List. The reasons for this are many, but central is that few of the Pacific Island countries or territories have documented their cultural heritage places or have legislation to protect them. The character and diversity of cultural heritage places in the region is therefore not well known. This Thematic Study of Pacific Island cultural landscapes is the first regional study of cultural heritage properties in the Pacific Islands to be undertaken in the context of providing comparative data to support the selection of cultural properties for nomination to the World Heritage List. It is an important landmark in the recognition of cultural heritage places in the Pacific Islands, their regional and international significance and the need for heritage conservation policies and programs at national and regional levels to protect and sustain the values these places reflect. The study is an over-view of cultural landscapes in the Pacific Islands, and the various defining characteristics that account for their commonalities as well as their diversity. As such, the study is essentially introductory, a broad analysis of cultural landscapes, from the information that is available, rather than a detailed assessment of possible individual nominations to the World Heritage List. The broad aims of the Thematic Study are to: a) Provide a general understanding of the attributes that characterise cultural landscapes in the Pacific Island, their diversity, the cultural, social and economic processes that have shaped these landscapes, their genesis and their associations; b) Illustrate by means of a portfolio of examples of various types of cultural landscapes found across the region; c) Identify gaps in current knowledge of particular kinds of cultural landscapes and/or sub-regions in order to set priorities for further detailed studies. 5 Background to the thematic study The Pacific Islands are among the least represented regions on the World Heritage List. As part of the World Heritage Committee’s initiatives towards a credible, balanced and representative World Heritage List in 1997, the Third UNESCO World Heritage Global Strategy meeting was held in Suva, Fiji. Representatives of Pacific Island nations noted an inseparable connection between the outstanding seascapes and landscapes of the Pacific Islands region and the rich histories, oral and life traditions of the Pacific Island peoples. The cultural landscapes of the region, while diverse, are nevertheless bound through common voyaging,
Recommended publications
  • 900 History, Geography, and Auxiliary Disciplines

    900 History, Geography, and Auxiliary Disciplines

    900 900 History, geography, and auxiliary disciplines Class here social situations and conditions; general political history; military, diplomatic, political, economic, social, welfare aspects of specific wars Class interdisciplinary works on ancient world, on specific continents, countries, localities in 930–990. Class history and geographic treatment of a specific subject with the subject, plus notation 09 from Table 1, e.g., history and geographic treatment of natural sciences 509, of economic situations and conditions 330.9, of purely political situations and conditions 320.9, history of military science 355.009 See also 303.49 for future history (projected events other than travel) See Manual at 900 SUMMARY 900.1–.9 Standard subdivisions of history and geography 901–909 Standard subdivisions of history, collected accounts of events, world history 910 Geography and travel 920 Biography, genealogy, insignia 930 History of ancient world to ca. 499 940 History of Europe 950 History of Asia 960 History of Africa 970 History of North America 980 History of South America 990 History of Australasia, Pacific Ocean islands, Atlantic Ocean islands, Arctic islands, Antarctica, extraterrestrial worlds .1–.9 Standard subdivisions of history and geography 901 Philosophy and theory of history 902 Miscellany of history .2 Illustrations, models, miniatures Do not use for maps, plans, diagrams; class in 911 903 Dictionaries, encyclopedias, concordances of history 901 904 Dewey Decimal Classification 904 904 Collected accounts of events Including events of natural origin; events induced by human activity Class here adventure Class collections limited to a specific period, collections limited to a specific area or region but not limited by continent, country, locality in 909; class travel in 910; class collections limited to a specific continent, country, locality in 930–990.
  • Grappling with the Bomb: Britain's Pacific H-Bomb Tests

    Grappling with the Bomb: Britain's Pacific H-Bomb Tests

    Timeline and glossary Nuclear timeline, 1945–1963 16 July 1945 Alamogordo, United States conducts first-ever nuclear New Mexico, USA test, codenamed ‘Trinity .’ 6 August 1945 Hiroshima, Japan US aircraft Enola Gay drops the atomic weapon ‘Little Boy’ on Hiroshima, killing 80,000 people immediately and an estimated 100,000 people within six months . 9 August 1945 Nagasaki, Japan US aircraft Bockscar drops the atomic weapon ‘Fat Man’ on Nagasaki, killing 70,000 people immediately and tens of thousands in following months . 30 June 1946 Bikini Atoll, Marshall Under Operation Crossroads, United Islands States conducts the first of two atomic tests at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands. ‘Able’ and ‘Baker’ are the first of 67 atmospheric tests in the Marshall Islands between 1946–1958 . 6 August 1948 Hiroshima, Japan Hiroshima’s first Peace Festival. 29 August 1949 Semipalatinsk, USSR conducts first atomic test Kazakhstan RDS-1 in Operation Pervaya molniya (Fast lightning), dubbed ‘Joe-1’ by United States . 1950–1954 Korean peninsula United States, Britain and Australia, under a United Nations mandate, join military operations in Korea following clashes between forces from the south and north of Korea. The Democratic People’s Republic is backed by the newly created People’s Republic of China . 3 October 1952 Monte Bello Islands, Under Operation Hurricane, United Western Australia Kingdom begins its nuclear testing program in Australia with a 25 kiloton atomic test . xi GRAPPLING WITH THE BOMB 1 November 1952 Bikini Atoll, Marshall United States conducts its first Islands hydrogen bomb test, codenamed ‘Mike’ (10 .4 megatons) as part of Operation Ivy .
  • Papua New Guinea

    Papua New Guinea

    PAPUA NEW GUINEA EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OPERATIONAL LOGISTICS CONTINGENCY PLAN PART 2 –EXISTING RESPONSE CAPACITY & OVERVIEW OF LOGISTICS SITUATION GLOBAL LOGISTICS CLUSTER – WFP FEBRUARY – MARCH 2011 1 | P a g e A. Summary A. SUMMARY 2 B. EXISTING RESPONSE CAPACITIES 4 C. LOGISTICS ACTORS 6 A. THE LOGISTICS COORDINATION GROUP 6 B. PAPUA NEW GUINEAN ACTORS 6 AT NATIONAL LEVEL 6 AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL 9 C. INTERNATIONAL COORDINATION BODIES 10 DMT 10 THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL 10 D. OVERVIEW OF LOGISTICS INFRASTRUCTURE, SERVICES & STOCKS 11 A. LOGISTICS INFRASTRUCTURES OF PNG 11 PORTS 11 AIRPORTS 14 ROADS 15 WATERWAYS 17 STORAGE 18 MILLING CAPACITIES 19 B. LOGISTICS SERVICES OF PNG 20 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 20 FUEL SUPPLY 20 TRANSPORTERS 21 HEAVY HANDLING AND POWER EQUIPMENT 21 POWER SUPPLY 21 TELECOMS 22 LOCAL SUPPLIES MARKETS 22 C. CUSTOMS CLEARANCE 23 IMPORT CLEARANCE PROCEDURES 23 TAX EXEMPTION PROCESS 24 THE IMPORTING PROCESS FOR EXEMPTIONS 25 D. REGULATORY DEPARTMENTS 26 CASA 26 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 26 NATIONAL INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY (NICTA) 27 2 | P a g e MARITIME AUTHORITIES 28 1. NATIONAL MARITIME SAFETY AUTHORITY 28 2. TECHNICAL DEPARTMENTS DEPENDING FROM THE NATIONAL PORT CORPORATION LTD 30 E. PNG GLOBAL LOGISTICS CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS 34 A. CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS PROPOSED 34 MAJOR PROBLEMS/BOTTLENECKS IDENTIFIED: 34 SOLUTIONS PROPOSED 34 B. EXISTING OPERATIONAL CORRIDORS IN PNG 35 MAIN ENTRY POINTS: 35 SECONDARY ENTRY POINTS: 35 EXISTING CORRIDORS: 36 LOGISTICS HUBS: 39 C. STORAGE: 41 CURRENT SITUATION: 41 PROPOSED LONG TERM SOLUTION 41 DURING EMERGENCIES 41 D. DELIVERIES: 41 3 | P a g e B. Existing response capacities Here under is an updated list of the main response capacities currently present in the country.
  • Kiribati Fourth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity

    Kiribati Fourth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity

    KIRIBATI FOURTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Aranuka Island (Gilbert Group) Picture by: Raitiata Cati Prepared by: Environment and Conservation Division - MELAD 20 th September 2010 1 Contents Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY, STATUS, TRENDS AND THREATS .................................................... 8 1.1 Geography and geological setting of Kiribati ......................................................................................... 8 1.2 Climate ................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Status of Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.1 Soil ................................................................................................................................................. 12 1.3.2 Water Resources ..........................................................................................................................
  • A Brief Ethnohistory of Rapa Island, French Polynesia, AD 1791–1840

    A Brief Ethnohistory of Rapa Island, French Polynesia, AD 1791–1840

    2 ‘Dwelling carelessly, quiet and secure’ A brief ethnohistory of Rapa Island, French Polynesia, AD 1791–1840 Atholl Anderson Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, [email protected] Introduction In 1826, the first European missionary to Rapa, the Rev. John Davies, quoted Judges 18:7 in seeing the Rapans as ‘dwelling carelessly, quiet and secure, and having no business with any man’ (in Stokes n.d.:28; an idiomatic rendering of the passage). It was to some extent, possibly to a great extent, quite illusory. Rapa was certainly isolated by comparison with most of East Polynesia, and it was small, mountainous and relatively cold, but even the first European visitors found that Rapans exhibited evidence of contact with the outside world, and within Rapan traditions, historical observations and ethnographic data which together form the stuff of ethnohistory, the theme of contact and change is illustrated continually. Rapan society was East Polynesian in ancestry and culture. Rapans spoke an East Polynesian language, but its closest affinities were puzzling for a long time. The earliest historical contacts with Rapans showed that they found both Hawaiian and Tahitian largely unintelligible and later characterisation of Rapan by European scholars was confused because of the early introduction of Tahitian by missionaries and, after 1863, of other Polynesian languages by Tongans, Tokelauans and Cook Islanders, whose descendants came eventually to represent nearly half of the population (Stokes 1955). Samuel Stutchbury had observed, presciently, in 1826 (in Richards 2004:5) that the Rapan language was ‘something resembling the Marquesan’, but Horatio Hale (1968:141), about 1840, ‘obtained at Tahiti, from a native of Rapa, a brief vocabulary of the language spoken there, which turns out to be, with a few verbal exceptions, pure Rarotongan, and this in its minute peculiarities’, while the missionaries William Ellis (1838) and M.
  • Sociological Factors in Reefs-Santa Cruz Language Vitality: a 40 Year Retrospective

    Sociological Factors in Reefs-Santa Cruz Language Vitality: a 40 Year Retrospective

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Sociological factors in Reefs-Santa Cruz language vitality: a 40 year retrospective BRENDA H. BOERGER, ÅSHILD NÆSS, ANDERS VAA, RACHEL EMERINE, and ANGELA HOOVER Abstract This article looks back over 40 years of language and culture change in the region of the Solomon Islands where the four Reefs-Santa Cruz (RSC) lan- guages are spoken. Taking the works of Davenport and Wurm as a starting point, we list specific linguistic changes we have identified and discuss the so- ciological factors which have both promoted and undermined the vitality of these languages. We then determine the level of vitality for each language through the recently proposed Extended Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale — EGIDS (Lewis and Simons 2010), and based on our results for the RSC languages, we provide a short evaluation of the usefulness of EGIDS for prioritizing language documentation efforts. Keywords: Solomon Islands; Solomon Islands Pijin; Reefs-Santa Cruz; Natügu; Nalögo; Nagu; Äiwoo; EGIDS; language documenta- tion; language vitality. 1. Introduction Forty years ago, two authors wrote extensively about the anthropological and linguistic situation in the RSC language communities. Davenport (1962, 1964, 1975, 2005) described the cultural and sociological properties of both the Santa Cruz and Reef Islands cultures, Figure 1, including a description of trade rela- tionships within the Santa Cruz archipelago. At the same time Wurm (1969, 1970, 1972, 1976, 1978) analyzed the linguistic characteristics of the RSC languages. In his later work, Wurm (1991, 1992a, 1992b, 2000, 2002, 2003) also discussed language vitality in the region.
  • ENCORE: the Eаect of Nutrient Enrichment on Coral Reefs

    ENCORE: the Eаect of Nutrient Enrichment on Coral Reefs

    Marine Pollution Bulletin Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 91±120, 2001 Ó 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. Printed in Great Britain PII: S0025-326X$00)00181-8 0025-326X/01 $ - see front matter ENCORE: The Eect of Nutrient Enrichment on Coral Reefs. Synthesis of Results and Conclusions K. KOOP *,1, D. BOOTHà, A. BROADBENT§,2, J. BRODIE , D. BUCHERàà, D. CAPONE ,3, J. COLL§§,4, W. DENNISON , M. ERDMANNààà, P. HARRISONàà, O. HOEGH-GULDBERG ,5, P. HUTCHINGS§§§, G. B. JONES§, A. W. D. LARKUM , J. O'NEIL ,5, A. STEVEN ,6, E. TENTORI§§, S. WARDàà,5, J. WILLIAMSON ,7 and D. YELLOWLEESàààà School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia àDepartment Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney NSW 2065 Australia §Department of Chemistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, P.O. Box 1379, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia ààCentre for Coastal Management, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia §§Department of Biology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia Department of Botany, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia àààP.O. Box 1020, Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia §§§The Australian Museum, 6, College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland, Box 38, Solomons, MA 20688-0038, USA ààààBiochemistry and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811 Australia Coral reef degradation resulting from nutrient enrichment assessed a variety of factors focusing on nutrient dynamics of coastal waters is of increasing global concern. Although and biotic responses. A controlled and replicated experi- eects of nutrients on coral reef organisms have been ment was conducted over two years using twelve small demonstrated in the laboratory,there is little direct evi- patch reefs ponded at low tide by a coral rim.
  • OC-002 VK9 Christmas Island OC-003 VK9 Cocos (Keeling)

    OC-002 VK9 Christmas Island OC-003 VK9 Cocos (Keeling)

    Oceania Written by Administrator Sunday, 19 February 2012 23:55 - Last Updated Monday, 20 February 2012 00:37 OC-001 VK Australia (Main Island Only) OC-002 VK9 Christmas Island OC-003 VK9 Cocos (Keeling) Islands OC-004 VK9 Lord Howe Island OC-005 VK9 Norfolk Island OC-006 VK7 Tasmania (Main Island Only) OC-007 VK9 Willis Islands OC-008 P2 Bismarck Archipelago OC-009 T8 Palau Islands OC-010 V63 Pohnpei Islands OC-011 V63 Chuuk Islands OC-012 V63 Yap Islands OC-013 ZK1 Rarotonga Island OC-014 ZK1 Manihiki Atoll OC-015 T2 Tuvalu Islands OC-016 3D2 Viti Levu & Vanua Levu Group OC-017 T30 Gilbert Islands OC-018 T30 Banaba (Ocean) Island OC-019 KH6,7 Hawaiian Islands OC-020 KH7K Kure Atoll OC-021 YB0-3 Java (Jawa) Island (Main Island Only) OC-022 YB9 Bali Island OC-023 KH3 Johnston Atoll OC-024 T32 Kiritimati (Christmas) Island OC-025 P2 Admiralty Islands OC-026 KH2 Guam Island OC-027 FO Marquesas Islands OC-028 V73 Ralik Chain OC-029 V73 Ratak Chain OC-030 KH4 Midway Islands OC-031 C2 Nauru OC-032 FK New Caledonia Island OC-033 FK Loyalty Islands OC-034 P2,YB9 New Guinea (Main Island Only) OC-035 YJ New Hebrides OC-036 ZL1,2 North Island (Main Island Only) OC-037 ZL9 Campbell Island OC-038 ZL7 Chatham Islands OC-039 ZL8 Kermadec Islands OC-040 ZK2 Niue Island OC-041 P2 Ninigo Group OC-042 DU1-4 Luzon Island (Main Island Only) OC-043 T31 Phoenix Islands OC-044 VP6 Pitcairn Island OC-045 KH8 Tutuila Island OC-046 FO Windward Islands 1 / 6 Oceania Written by Administrator Sunday, 19 February 2012 23:55 - Last Updated Monday, 20 February 2012 00:37
  • Ono-I-Lau Cluster of Islands. Marine Biological Survey 2008 Report

    Ono-I-Lau Cluster of Islands. Marine Biological Survey 2008 Report

    Ono Development Committee THE ONO-I-LAU CLUSTER OF ISLANDS: MARINE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 2008 REPORT This report is a summary of findings for marine biological surveys led by WWF South Pacific Programme and trained community PADI Open Water Divers of Ono-i-Lau. GEF ISBN# Copyright: © 2010 WWF Soth Pacific Programme Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purpose is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder Citation: Fiu, M.Tokece,M. and Areki, F. (2010). The Ono-i-Lau cluster of islands. Marine Biological Survey 2008 Report. Suva, Fiji, WWF South Pacific Programme THE ONO-I-LAU CLUSTER OF ISLANDS: MARINE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 2008 REPORT P Solomon Islands Fiji Islands Ono-I-Lau New Caledonia Cook Islands The main Ono-i-Lau Island cluster is located at 20.80º S and longitude 178.75º W. Ono-i-Lau is located at the southern tip of a chain of scattered islands making up the Lau archipelago in eastern Fiji. The main Ono-i-Lau Island cluster is made up of six islands that are part of a remnant volcanic arc. TABLE OF CONTENTS REPORT AT A GLANCE INTRODUCTION THE ONO-I-LAU SURVEY REGION METHODS SURVEY LOGISTICS SITE SELECTION CORAL REEF SURVEY PROTOCOL SEAGRASS WATCH RESULTS MANTA TOWS CORAL REEF SURVEYS BENTHIC DATA FISH ABUNDANCE INVERTEBRATE TAXA SEAGRASS WATCH DISCUSSION RECOMMENDATIONS BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PURPOSE MANAGEMENT PURPOSE REFERENCES APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: Ono-i-Lau cluster explore expedition brief APPENDIX 2. Fish list in Ono-i-Lau APPENDIX 3. Invertebrate list in Ono-i-Lau APPENDIX 4. Seagrass watch techniques FIGURES FIGURE 1.
  • Occurrence of the Longtailed Cuckoo Eudynamis Taitensis on Caroline Atoll, Kiribati DAVIDH

    Occurrence of the Longtailed Cuckoo Eudynamis Taitensis on Caroline Atoll, Kiribati DAVIDH

    SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Occurrence of the Longtailed Cuckoo Eudynamis taitensis on Caroline Atoll, Kiribati DAVIDH. ELL IS^, CAMERONB. KEPLER~, ANGELAKAY KEPLER~& KATINO TEEBAKI~ US. Fish and WiIdhye Service, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD 20708 US.A Banana, Christmas Island Kiribati Emu 90,202 Received 8 March 1990, accepted 29 August 1990 The Long-tailed Cuckoo Eudynamis taitensis performs sized land bird for about 20 min on 27 September. what is perhaps the most remarkable overwater migration of any land bird (Lack 1959). It breeds in New Zealand These records establish the Long-tailed Cuckoo at least and is known to winter in the islands of the Central Pacific as a winter straggler to the Line Islands. Since our visit, we Ocean, with stragglers seen as far away as Palau to the learned from corresponding with the atoll's only human west and Pitcairn Island to the east (Bogert 1937). Al- inhabitants, the Ronald Falconer family, that an individual though the Line Islands are along the perimeter of this Long-tailed cuckoo was occasionally seen in 1989 near range, the Long-tailed Cuckoo has never been reported for their dwelling on the southem-most channel islet. Our the Line or Phoenix Islands (Pratt et al. 1987). In 1883, observations at five widely scattered locations (the most when Dixon (1884) visited Caroline Atoll (lOOS,150°W) distant observations were at least 9 km apart) suggest that at the south-eastem end of the Line Islands, he reported several individuals were present on the atoll during our that a colleague had heard 'the notes of a singing bird' but visit.
  • Chapter 4 Alaska's Volcanic Landforms and Features

    Chapter 4 Alaska's Volcanic Landforms and Features

    Chapter 4 Alaska's Volcanic Landforms and Features Resources • Alaska Volcano Observatory website. (Available at http://www.avo.alaska.edu.) • Brantley, S.R., 1999, Volcanoes of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey General Interest Publication. (Available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volcus/index.html.) • Miller, T.P., McGimsey, R.G., Richter, D.H., Riehle, J.R., Nye, C.J., Yount, M.E., and Dumoulin, J.A., 1998, Catalog of the historically active volcanoes of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-0582, 104 p. (Also available at http://www.avo.alaska.edu/downloads/classresults.php?citid=645.) • Nye, C.J., and others, 1998, Volcanoes of Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Information Circular IC 0038, accessed June 1, 2010, at . PDF Front (6.4 MB) http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/webpubs/dggs/ic/oversized/ic038_sh001.PDF and . PDF Back (6.6 MB) http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/webpubs/dggs/ic/oversized/ic038_sh002.PDF. • Smithsonian Institution, [n.d.], Global volcanism program—Augustine: Smithsonian Institution web page, accessed June 1, 2010, at http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1103-01- &volpage=photos&phoyo=026071. • Tilling, R.I., 1997, Volcanoes—On-line edition: U.S. Geological Survey General Interest Product. (Available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/.) • U.S. Geological Survey, 1997 [2007], Volcanoes teacher’s guide: U.S. Geological Survey website. (Available at http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/teachers- packets/volcanoes/. • U.S. Geological Survey, 2010, Volcano Hazards Program—USGS photo glossary of volcanic terms: U.S.
  • A Grammar of Vaeakau-Taumako Mouton Grammar Library 52

    A Grammar of Vaeakau-Taumako Mouton Grammar Library 52

    A Grammar of Vaeakau-Taumako Mouton Grammar Library 52 Editors Georg Bossong Bernard Comrie Matthew Dryer De Gruyter Mouton A Grammar of Vaeakau-Taumako by 0 Ashild N cess and Even Hovdhaugen De Gruyter Mouton ISBN 978-3-11-023826-6 e-ISBN 978-3-11-023827-3 ISSN 0933-7636 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data N <'eSS, Asbild. A grammar of Vaeakau-Taumako I by Asbild N<'tss and Even Hovdhaugen. p. em. - (Mouton grammar library; 52) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-11-023826-6 (alk. paper) 1. Pileni language. 2. Pileni language - Grammar. 3. Poly- nesian languages. 4. Solomon Islands - Languages. 1. Hovd- haugen, Even. II. Title. PL6488N25 2011 499' .46-dc23 2011017828 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbihliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. © 2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston Printing: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, G6ttingen w Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Preface Although it was not the original plan, it is perhaps fitting that this book has ended up as a collaborative work, We have been working on the V aeakau­ Taurnako language - back then known as Pileni - since 1997, when Even Hovdhaugen made his first exploratory field trip to Pileni island, On his re­ turn, he found one of his students in desperate need of a topic for an MA the­ sis, and so began a collaboration that would last