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Food, Tobacco, Agricultural and Allied Workers of America (Fta) and Related Agricultural Unions Records

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Food, Tobacco, Agricultural and Allied Workers of America (Fta) and Related Agricultural Unions Records http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf6c60050c No online items Inventory of the Food, Tobacco, Agricultural and Allied Workers of America (Fta) and Related Agricultural Unions Records. The Norman Leonard Collection, 1936 - 1950 Processed by The Labor Archives & Research Center staff; machine-readable finding aid created by Xiuzhi Zhou Labor Archives and Research Center San Francisco State University 480 Winston Drive San Francisco, California 94132 Phone: (415) 564-4010 Fax: (415) 564-3606 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.library.sfsu.edu/special/larc.html © 1999 San Francisco State University. All rights reserved. 1985/006 1 Inventory of the Food, Tobacco, Agricultural and Allied Workers of America (Fta) and Related Agricultural Unions Records. The Norman Leonard Collection, 1936 - 1950 Accession number: 1985/006 Labor Archives & Research Center San Francisco State University San Francisco, California Contact Information: Labor Archives & Research Center San Francisco State University 480 Winston Drive San Francisco, California 94132 Phone: (415) 564-4010 Fax: (415) 564-3606 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.library.sfsu.edu/special/larc.html Processed by: The Labor Archives & Research Center staff Encoded by: Xiuzhi Zhou © 1999 San Francisco State University. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Food, Tobacco, Agricultural and Allied Workers of America (Fta) and Related Agricultural Unions Records. The Norman Leonard Collection, Date (inclusive): 1936 - 1950 Accession number: 1985/006 Creator: Leonard, Norman Repository: San Francisco State University. Labor Archives & Research Center San Francisco, California 94132 Shelf location: For current information on the location of these materials, please consult the Center's online catalog. Language: English. Access Collection is open for research. Publication Rights Copyright has not been assigned to the Labor Archives & Research Center. All requests for permission to publish or quote from materials must be submitted in writing to the Director of the Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Labor Archives & Research Center as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the reader. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Food, Tobacco, Agricultural and Allied Workers of America (Fta) and Related Agricultural Unions Records. The Norman Leonard Collection, 1985/006, Labor Archives & Research Center, San Francisco State University. Introduction The four boxes of records pertaining to the Food, Tobacco, Agricultural and Allied Workers of America (FTA), the United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing and Allied Workers of America (UCAPAWA), and various cannery and packing shed workers' unions in northern California are part of a larger Norman Leonard Collection housed at the Labor Archives and Research 1985/006 2 Center (LARC) at San Francisco State University. These records reflect the activity of the law firm of Gladstein, Grossman and Margolis, in which Leonard later became a partner. It is very likely that the original contact between the law firm and the agricultural unions was made through the ILWU. This collection was processed in the spring of 1991 by Toby Higbie. History The United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing and Allied Workers of America (UCAPAWA) and its successor union, the Food, Tobacco, Agricultural and Allied Workers of America (FTA) although only in existence between 1937 and 1951, attracted much attention first as one of the most quickly growing of the new CIO unions, and latter as one of several unions expelled from the CIO during the 1950 anti-communist "trials." A focus of FTA's organizing drive was the canneries, packing sheds and in the fields of California. California agriculture in the 1930s was marked by a greater and greater concentration of land and food processing facilities in the hands of large corporate concerns. Growers, shippers, processors and canners were organized in various ways to protect and promote their mutual interests. Some of these organizations were simply grower cooperatives which allowed members to obtain everything from seed to tractor tires at a discount. Others, such as the Grower-Shipper Vegetable Association of Central California (GSA), and the California Packers and Growers (CP & G), were dominated by large growers, shipping companies, or canneries. Typically, such organizations had ties to other pro-business groups and large corporations (such as the Industrial Association of San Francisco, Pacific Gas and Electric (PG & E), Bank of America and others). One of the chief aims of these organizations would be to obstruct union organizing among their members' employees; they would, therefore, figure prominently in the history of all agricultural unions in California. The strikes at Salinas (1936) and Stockton (1937) exemplify the tactics of employer associations: the fostering of the Associated Farmers, the establishment of local "Citizen's Committees" in cooperation with anti-union Chambers of Commerce, the use of professional public relations consultants, the pooling of resources and profits during strikes, and a strong determination to crush all independent union activity. 1 UCAPAWA/FTA also faced the difficult task of overcoming the competing forces of the hostile State Federation of Labor and even conservatives within the CIO. The State Federation of Labor would become an important ally of employers in its effort to head off any success by the industrial based CIO. Throughout its lifetime, FTA would find its strength sapped by rival AFL unions, some of which achieved closed shops with the help of employers. AS for the CIO, FTA would eventually prove too much of a political liability. In the "conform or get out" push, FTA and other unions came under intense pressure to shed left wing elements from their leadership. In 1950, the FTA was expelled from the CIO. 2 The 1936 Salinas Strike, and FTA Local 78 On the eve of the "Battle of Salinas," the Salinas-Watsonville area produced 90% of all lettuce eaten in the U.S. Organizing work among packing shed workers had been going on for several years. In 1932, the Vegetable Packers' Association, Local 18211 was formed, but made little progress. In 1935, the AFL chartered the Fruit and Vegetable Workers' Union (F & VWU), Local 18211 which, after a strike in which two workers were killed, won a one-year contract from the GSA. 3 Negotiations for a new contract were carried on over the summer of 1936, however, the GSA had little desire to reach an agreement. Plans had already been made to break the union, and as the September 1st deadline passed, and the union voted to continue work under the terms of the 1935 contract, the GSA posted in members' sheds a new contract with lower wages. The GSA claimed this contract would be in force for one year should employees work under it. This precipitated a walk-out by approximately 3,500 workers. 4 Having laid the public relations ground work for an anti-union campaign through the Citizen's Association of the Salinas Valley (funded by the GSA, PG & E, Spreckels Sugar Co., local banks and businessmen), the GSA moved to crush the strike. Union leaders were denounced as communists, and a "citizen's army" of 1,000 was mobilized with the help of the Associated Farmers, deputized by the Sheriff and armed with clubs and tear-gas bombs. Meanwhile, all packing and shipping activities were consolidated at the Salinas Valley Ice Company, which was deemed to be easily defendable. Guards with machine guns kept watch over high fences, while inside scabs packed lettuce, and slept and ate in train cars provided by the Southern Pacific Railroad. All costs and all profits were pooled among the membership. Violence erupted, and the strike was put down with a degree of violence which the NLRB deemed, "in many instances bordering on sadism." In the midst of th4e strike, the union and workers were abandoned by the chairman of the State Federation of Labor, Edward Vandeleur. Vandeleur having been contacted before the strike by the GSVA's public relations consultant, and siding against Local 18211 (accusing them of being communists), pulled the union's legal representative out of the Salinas area at the height of the crisis. This is probably when the union retained Richard Gladstein's San Francisco law office, perhaps through the ILWU. Latter, with the help of the Growers, Vandeleur set up a rival local and revoked Local 18211's AFL charter. The issue of "company unions" would be an important aspect of the legal battles after Salinas and would become a pattern throughout northern California. 1985/006 3 After the strike, the GSA took steps to exclude union organizers from work. To this end, they continued the use of a centralized hiring hall and a blacklist. 5 As workers were hired back after the strike, preference was given to those who owed money in town, had dependents or could in some way be more easily coerced. The union, having been abandoned in the midst of the strike by the chairman of the State Federation of Lalbor, continued organizational work, and in 1937 changed its affiliation to the new United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing and Allied Workers of America (UCAPAWA-CIO), as UCAPAWA Local 78. Its jurisdiction included the Salinas- Watsonville area, the Imperial Valley, and the Salt River Valley of Arizona. In 1944, this local became FTA Local 78. 6 Charges of communist influence, and the rivalry between the AFL and the CIO would be dominant issues in the life of Local 78. In 1948, the local (with a membership of 10,000) successfully fought off a Teamsters raid lead by expelled Local 78 president, Holman Day. The Teamsters raids created much bitterness between the FTA and the CIO, as the CIO offered little aid to the FTA, and many accused CIO officials of openly helping Day in an attempt to get rid of the left-leaning FTA.
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