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Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and the Enzymatic Liberation of Nitrogen from Soil Organic Matter: Why Evolutionary History Matters
Review Tansley insight Ectomycorrhizal fungi and the enzymatic liberation of nitrogen from soil organic matter: why evolutionary history matters Author for correspondence: Peter T. Pellitier1 and Donald R. Zak1,2 Donald R. Zak 1 2 Tel: +1 734 763 4991 School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Email: [email protected] Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Received: 25 January 2017 Accepted: 22 March 2017 Contents Summary 68 V. Is the organic N derived from SOM transferred to the plant host? 71 I. Introduction 68 VI. Concluding remarks 72 II. Have ECM fungi retained genes with lignocellulolytic potential from saprotrophic ancestors? 69 Acknowledgements 72 III. Are genes with saprotrophic function expressed by ECM fungi References 72 when in symbiosis? 71 IV. Do transcribed enzymes operate to obtain N from SOM? 71 Summary New Phytologist (2018) 217: 68–73 The view that ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi commonly participate in the enzymatic liberation of doi: 10.1111/nph.14598 nitrogen (N) from soil organic matter (SOM) has recently been invoked as a key mechanism governing the biogeochemical cycles of forest ecosystems. Here, we provide evidence that not Key words: ectomycorrhiza, evolution, all evolutionary lineages of ECM have retained the genetic potential to produce extracellular extracellular enzymes, nitrogen (N), soil enzymes that degrade SOM, calling into question the ubiquity of the proposed mechanism. organic matter (SOM), symbioses. Further, we discuss several untested conditions that must be empirically validated before it is certain that any lineage of ECM fungi actively expresses extracellular enzymes in order to degrade SOM and transfer N contained therein to its host plant. -
Danmarks Svampeatlas – 2011 Sæsonen Prikker På Atlaskortene, Og En Del Næsten Hvide Årets Nøgletal Ruder fik En Noget Rødere Tone På Netvisningen
65 SVAMPE 2012 Sæsonens mykolog – David Boertmann Hvordan blev du interesseret i svampe? de studenter nu havde medbragt). Kurset om- Min interesse for svampe indledtes under mit fattede flere ekskursioner bl.a. til Asserbo, hvor biologistudium i de tidlige 1970’ere. Thallofyt- jeg fandt Kanadisk Snyltekølle – en art jeg ikke kurset (1.-dels-undervisningen i svampe og har set siden. alger) i foråret 1971 sagde mig ikke så meget, I januar 1974 bestod jeg 2.-dels-kurset i my- men det gjorde derimod det tilsvarende 2.-dels- kologi/fykologi, og for at gøre faget helt færdigt kursus (Botanik 4) i efteråret 1973. Jeg havde deltog jeg i det mykologiske 2.-dels-feltkursus snuset lidt til svampene fx på et ruskursus i 1972 på feltstationen Kristiansminde i august 1974. i Klinteby ved Næstved, som jeg sammen med Svampene var ”oppe” på det tidspunkt, og bl.a. Erik Rald stod for. Her viste Erik mig Elle- ”mit” hold (dvs. Maren og jeg) fandt og bestem- Rørhat og Sommer-Rørhat, og jeg har da også te 550 arter på ganske få dage. Mange af dem erindringer om at min mor omkring 1960 tog har jeg ikke set siden. Morten Lange deltog og mig og min bror over på Tuborgvej for at finde kom en dag lykkelig tilbage fra en tur, ikke på Vej-Champignoner i gruset langs fortovet. grund af en spændende svamp, men fordi han Men i efteråret 1973 kom der gang i inte- havde fundet en kasse Albani-julebryg (”blå- ressen, og det skyldtes i høj grad nogle meget lys”) hos en købmand i nærheden. -
Olympic Mushrooms 4/16/2021 Susan Mcdougall
Olympic Mushrooms 4/16/2021 Susan McDougall With links to species’ pages 206 species Family Scientific Name Common Name Agaricaceae Agaricus augustus Giant agaricus Agaricaceae Agaricus hondensis Felt-ringed Agaricus Agaricaceae Agaricus silvicola Forest Agaric Agaricaceae Chlorophyllum brunneum Shaggy Parasol Agaricaceae Chlorophyllum olivieri Olive Shaggy Parasol Agaricaceae Coprinus comatus Shaggy inkcap Agaricaceae Crucibulum laeve Common bird’s nest fungus Agaricaceae Cyathus striatus Fluted bird’s nest Agaricaceae Cystoderma amianthinum Pure Cystoderma Agaricaceae Cystoderma cf. gruberinum Agaricaceae Gymnopus acervatus Clustered Collybia Agaricaceae Gymnopus dryophilus Common Collybia Agaricaceae Gymnopus luxurians Agaricaceae Gymnopus peronatus Wood woolly-foot Agaricaceae Lepiota clypeolaria Shield dapperling Agaricaceae Lepiota magnispora Yellowfoot dapperling Agaricaceae Leucoagaricus leucothites White dapperling Agaricaceae Leucoagaricus rubrotinctus Red-eyed parasol Agaricaceae Morganella pyriformis Warted puffball Agaricaceae Nidula candida Jellied bird’s-nest fungus Agaricaceae Nidularia farcta Albatrellaceae Albatrellus avellaneus Amanitaceae Amanita augusta Yellow-veiled amanita Amanitaceae Amanita calyptroderma Ballen’s American Caesar Amanitaceae Amanita muscaria Fly agaric Amanitaceae Amanita pantheriana Panther cap Amanitaceae Amanita vaginata Grisette Auriscalpiaceae Lentinellus ursinus Bear lentinellus Bankeraceae Hydnellum aurantiacum Orange spine Bankeraceae Hydnellum complectipes Bankeraceae Hydnellum suaveolens -
Phd. Thesis Sana Jabeen.Pdf
ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH HIMALAYAN CEDAR FROM PAKISTAN A dissertation submitted to the University of the Punjab in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BOTANY by SANA JABEEN DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB LAHORE, PAKISTAN JUNE 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGE NO. Summary i Dedication iii Acknowledgements iv CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2 Literature review 5 Aims and objectives 11 CHAPTER 3 Materials and methods 12 3.1. Sampling site description 12 3.2. Sampling strategy 14 3.3. Sampling of sporocarps 14 3.4. Sampling and preservation of fruit bodies 14 3.5. Morphological studies of fruit bodies 14 3.6. Sampling of morphotypes 15 3.7. Soil sampling and analysis 15 3.8. Cleaning, morphotyping and storage of ectomycorrhizae 15 3.9. Morphological studies of ectomycorrhizae 16 3.10. Molecular studies 16 3.10.1. DNA extraction 16 3.10.2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 17 3.10.3. Sequence assembly and data mining 18 3.10.4. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis 18 3.11. Climatic data collection 19 3.12. Statistical analysis 19 CHAPTER 4 Results 22 4.1. Characterization of above ground ectomycorrhizal fungi 22 4.2. Identification of ectomycorrhizal host 184 4.3. Characterization of non ectomycorrhizal fruit bodies 186 4.4. Characterization of saprobic fungi found from fruit bodies 188 4.5. Characterization of below ground ectomycorrhizal fungi 189 4.6. Characterization of below ground non ectomycorrhizal fungi 193 4.7. Identification of host taxa from ectomycorrhizal morphotypes 195 4.8. -
Mycetinis Scorodonius (Fr.) A.W. Wilson, Mycologia 97(3): 678 (2005)
© Fermín Pancorbo [email protected] Condiciones de uso Mycetinis scorodonius (Fr.) A.W. Wilson, Mycologia 97(3): 678 (2005) COROLOGíA Registro/Herbario Fecha Lugar Hábitat FP08110109 01/11/2008 Valmediano Sobre una rama de Quercus Leg.: F. Pancorbo, M.A. Ribes UTM: 30TXM 01 28 pyrenaica Det.: F. Pancorbo, M.A. Ribes Altura: 930 msnm TAXONOMíA • Citas en listas publicadas: Index of Fungi 7: 831 • Posición en la classificación: Marasmiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, Fungi • Sinonimia : o Agaricus scorodonius Fr., Observ. mycol. (Havniae) 1: 29 (1815) o Chamaeceras scorodenius (Fr.) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 3: 457 (1898) o Gymnopus scorodonius (Fr.) J.L. Mata & R.H. Petersen, in Mata, Hughes & Petersen, Mycoscience 45(3): 221 (2004) o Marasmius scorodonius (Fr.) Fr., Anteckn. Sver. Ätl. Svamp.: 53 (1836) Mycetinis scorodonius (Fr.) A.W. Wilson, Mycologia 97(3): 678 (2005) var. scorodonius DESCRIPCIÓN MACRO Dimensiones píleo. 4-5 X 5 mm Estípite: 35-40 X 1-1,5 mm. Contexto: Carne blanca. Olor a ajo Mycetinis scorodonius FP08110109 Página 1 de 4 DESCRIPCIÓN MICRO 1. Esporas no amiloides, hialinas X1000 Medida de esporas tomadas de láminas. 6,5 [7,4 ; 7,9] 8,7 x 3,8 [4,2 ; 4,5] 5 µm Q = 1,5 [1,7 ; 1,8] 2 ; N = 20 ; C = 95% Me = 7,62 x 4,37 µm; Qe = 1,75 Mycetinis scorodonius FP08110109 Página 2 de 4 2. Queilocistidios X1000 Medida de queilocistidios teniendo en cuenta las excrecencias 19,2 [24,6 ; 28,3] 33,7 x 7,5 [10,6 ; 12,8] 15,9 µm Me = 26,43 x 11,68 µm OBSERVACIONES Esta especie pertenece a la Sección Alliacei Kühner, del Género Marasmius que se caracterizan por su olor neto a ajo. -
Catalogue of Fungus Fair
Oakland Museum, 6-7 December 2003 Mycological Society of San Francisco Catalogue of Fungus Fair Introduction ......................................................................................................................2 History ..............................................................................................................................3 Statistics ...........................................................................................................................4 Total collections (excluding "sp.") Numbers of species by multiplicity of collections (excluding "sp.") Numbers of taxa by genus (excluding "sp.") Common names ................................................................................................................6 New names or names not recently recorded .................................................................7 Numbers of field labels from tables Species found - listed by name .......................................................................................8 Species found - listed by multiplicity on forays ..........................................................13 Forays ranked by numbers of species .........................................................................16 Larger forays ranked by proportion of unique species ...............................................17 Species found - by county and by foray ......................................................................18 Field and Display Label examples ................................................................................27 -
Moeszia9-10.Pdf
Tartalom Tanulmányok • Original papers .............................................................................................. 3 Contents Pál-Fám Ferenc, Benedek Lajos: Kucsmagombák és papsapkagombák Székelyföldön. Előfordulás, fajleírások, makroszkópikus határozókulcs, élőhelyi jellemzés .................................... 3 Ferenc Pál-Fám, Lajos Benedek: Morels and Elfin Saddles in Székelyland, Transylvania. Occurrence, Species Description, Macroscopic Key, Habitat Characterisation ........................... 13 Pál-Fám Ferenc, Benedek Lajos: A Kárpát-medence kucsmagombái és papsapkagombái képekben .................................................................................................................................... 18 Ferenc Pál-Fám, Lajos Benedek: Pictures of Morels and Elfin Saddles from the Carpathian Basin ....................................................................................................................... 18 Szász Balázs: Újabb adatok Olthévíz és környéke nagygombáinak ismeretéhez .......................... 28 Balázs Szász: New Data on Macrofungi of Hoghiz Region (Transylvania, Romania) ................. 42 Pál-Fám Ferenc, Szász Balázs, Szilvásy Edit, Benedek Lajos: Adatok a Baróti- és Bodoki-hegység nagygombáinak ismeretéhez ............................................................................ 44 Ferenc Pál-Fám, Balázs Szász, Edit Szilvásy, Lajos Benedek: Contribution to the Knowledge of Macrofungi of Baróti- and Bodoki Mts., Székelyland, Transylvania ..................... 53 Pál-Fám -
Mykologische Untersuchungen in Naturwaldresten Bei Ferlach (Kärnten, Österreich) 449-492 © Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein Für Kärnten, Download
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Carinthia II Jahr/Year: 2017 Band/Volume: 207_127 Autor(en)/Author(s): Friebes Gernot Artikel/Article: Mykologische Untersuchungen in Naturwaldresten bei Ferlach (Kärnten, Österreich) 449-492 © Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein für Kärnten, download www.zobodat.at Carinthia II n 207./127. Jahrgang n Seiten 449–492 n Klagenfurt 2017 449 Mykologische Untersuchungen in Naturwaldresten bei Ferlach (Kärnten, Österreich) Von Gernot FRIEBES Zusammenfassung Schlüsselwörter Im Jahr 2016 wurden die Pilze eines Naturwaldrestes und dreier naturnaher Basidiomycota, Waldbereiche am Osthang des Ferlacher Horns (Waidisch bei Ferlach, Kärnten, Öster- Ascomycota, reich) erfasst. Die ausgewählten Gebiete zeichnen sich insbesondere durch natür- Kärnten, liche, abwechslungsreiche Baumbestände und großen Totholzreichtum aus. Der Karawanken, Schwerpunkt der Untersuchungen lag auf lignicolen und Ektomykorrhiza bildenden Ferlacher Horn, Pilzarten. In die Kartierungsliste flossen auch die Ergebnisse einiger Exkursionen in Urwald, Diversität, den vorangegangenen Jahren ein. Insgesamt konnten im Gebiet 400 Arten (inkl. Vari- Ökologie etäten und Formen) registriert werden. Eine bislang noch unbeschriebene Orbilia-Art ist weltweit nur aus dem Naturschutzgebiet Karlschütt (Steiermark) und dem Unter- Keywords suchungsgebiet in Waidisch bekannt. Ebenfalls neu für die Wissenschaft ist eine basidiomycota, Acremonium-Art, die auf -
The Largest Type Study of <I>Agaricales</I
Persoonia 33, 2014: 98–140 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158514X684681 The largest type study of Agaricales species to date: bringing identification and nomenclature of Phlegmacium (Cortinarius) into the DNA era K. Liimatainen1, T. Niskanen1, B. Dima!, I. Kytövuori2, J.F. Ammirati3, T.G. Frøslev4 Key words Abstract Cortinarius is a species-rich and morphologically challenging genus with a cosmopolitan distribution. Many names have not been used consistently and in some instances the same species has been described two or Basidiomycota more times under separate names. This study focuses on subg. Phlegmacium as traditionally defined and includes diversity species from boreal and temperate areas of the northern hemisphere. Our goals for this project were to: i) study DNA barcoding type material to determine which species already have been described; ii) stabilize the use of Friesian and other ITS older names by choosing a neo- or epitype; iii) describe new species that were discovered during the process of taxonomy studying specimens; and iv) establish an accurate ITS barcoding database for Phlegmacium species. A total of 236 typification types representing 154 species were studied. Of these 114 species are described only once whereas 40 species had one ore more synonyms. Of the names studied only 61 were currently represented in GenBank. Neotypes are proposed for 21 species, and epitypes are designated for three species. In addition, 20 new species are described and six new combinations made. As a consequence ITS barcodes for 175 Cortinarius species are released. Article info Received: 2 July 2013; Accepted: 24 February 2014; Published: 8 September 2014. -
Josiana Adelaide Vaz
Josiana Adelaide Vaz STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIPROLIFERATIVE AND APOPTOSIS-INDUCING PROPERTIES OF WILD MUSHROOMS FROM THE NORTHEAST OF PORTUGAL. ESTUDO DE PROPRIEDADES ANTIOXIDANTES, ANTIPROLIFERATIVAS E INDUTORAS DE APOPTOSE DE COGUMELOS SILVESTRES DO NORDESTE DE PORTUGAL. Tese do 3º Ciclo de Estudos Conducente ao Grau de Doutoramento em Ciências Farmacêuticas–Bioquímica, apresentada à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto. Orientadora: Isabel Cristina Fernandes Rodrigues Ferreira (Professora Adjunta c/ Agregação do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança) Co- Orientadoras: Maria Helena Vasconcelos Meehan (Professora Auxiliar da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto) Anabela Rodrigues Lourenço Martins (Professora Adjunta do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança) July, 2012 ACCORDING TO CURRENT LEGISLATION, ANY COPYING, PUBLICATION, OR USE OF THIS THESIS OR PARTS THEREOF SHALL NOT BE ALLOWED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION. ii FACULDADE DE FARMÁCIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIPROLIFERATIVE AND APOPTOSIS-INDUCING PROPERTIES OF WILD MUSHROOMS FROM THE NORTHEAST OF PORTUGAL. Josiana Adelaide Vaz iii The candidate performed the experimental work with a doctoral fellowship (SFRH/BD/43653/2008) supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), which also participated with grants to attend international meetings and for the graphical execution of this thesis. The Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto (FFUP) (Portugal), Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP) (Portugal), Mountain Research Center (CIMO) (Portugal) and Center of Medicinal Chemistry- University of Porto (CEQUIMED-UP) provided the facilities and/or logistical supports. This work was also supported by the research project PTDC/AGR- ALI/110062/2009, financed by FCT and COMPETE/QREN/EU. Cover – photos kindly supplied by Juan Antonio Sanchez Rodríguez. -
Suomen Helttasienten Ja Tattien Ekologia, Levinneisyys Ja Uhanalaisuus
Suomen ympäristö 769 LUONTO JA LUONNONVARAT Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo ja Esteri Ohenoja (toim.) Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus .......................... SUOMEN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS Suomen ympäristö 769 Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo ja Esteri Ohenoja (toim.) Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus SUOMEN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS Viittausohje Viitatessa tämän raportin lukuihin, käytetään lukujen otsikoita ja lukujen kirjoittajien nimiä: Esim. luku 5.2: Kytövuori, I., Nummela-Salo, U., Ohenoja, E., Salo, P. & Vauras, J. 2005: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko. Julk.: Salo, P., Niemelä, T., Nummela-Salo, U. & Ohenoja, E. (toim.). Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levin- neisyys ja uhanalaisuus. Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsinki. Suomen ympäristö 769. Ss. 109-224. Recommended citation E.g. chapter 5.2: Kytövuori, I., Nummela-Salo, U., Ohenoja, E., Salo, P. & Vauras, J. 2005: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko. Distribution table of agarics and boletes in Finland. Publ.: Salo, P., Niemelä, T., Nummela- Salo, U. & Ohenoja, E. (eds.). Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus. Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsinki. Suomen ympäristö 769. Pp. 109-224. Julkaisu on saatavana myös Internetistä: www.ymparisto.fi/julkaisut ISBN 952-11-1996-9 (nid.) ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (PDF) ISSN 1238-7312 Kannen kuvat / Cover pictures Vasen ylä / Top left: Paljakkaa. Utsjoki. Treeless alpine tundra zone. Utsjoki. Kuva / Photo: Esteri Ohenoja Vasen ala / Down left: Jalopuulehtoa. Parainen, Lenholm. Quercus robur forest. Parainen, Lenholm. Kuva / Photo: Tuomo Niemelä Oikea ylä / Top right: Lehtolohisieni (Laccaria amethystina). Amethyst Deceiver (Laccaria amethystina). Kuva / Photo: Pertti Salo Oikea ala / Down right: Vanhaa metsää. Sodankylä, Luosto. Old virgin forest. Sodankylä, Luosto. Kuva / Photo: Tuomo Niemelä Takakansi / Back cover: Ukonsieni (Macrolepiota procera). -
Redalyc.Commercialization of Wild Mushrooms During Market Days of Tlaxcala, Mexico
Micología Aplicada International ISSN: 1534-2581 [email protected] Colegio de Postgraduados México Montoya Esquivel, A.; Estrada Torres, A.; Kong, A.; Juárez Sánchez, L. Commercialization of wild mushrooms during market days of Tlaxcala, Mexico Micología Aplicada International, vol. 13, núm. 1, january, 2001, pp. 31-40 Colegio de Postgraduados Puebla, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=68513104 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative COMMERCIALIZATIONMICOLOGIA OF WILD APLICADA MUSHROOMS INTERNATIONAL IN TLAXCALA, 13(1),, MEXICO 2001, pp. 31-4031 © 2001, PRINTED IN BERKELEY, CA, U.S.A. www.micaplint.com COMMERCIALIZATION OF WILD MUSHROOMS DURING MARKET DAYS OF TLAXCALA, MEXICO A. MONTOYA-ESQUIVEL, A. ESTRADA-TORRES, A. KONG AND L. JUÁREZ- SÁNCHEZ Laboratorio de Micología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Km 10.5 autopista San Martín Texmelucan-Tlaxcala, San Felipe Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico. E-mail: [email protected] Accepted for publication October 18, 2000 ABSTRACT Three “tianguis” (popular market days) in the State of Tlaxcala were visited in order to monitor wild edible fungi being sold, their prices and seasonal availability, as well as to interview mushroom sellers. Most species reported were found in the market of Tlaxcala city, and their prices varied seasonally. Although this is a common traditional practice in central Mexico, it is interesting that no commercial or official regulations for selling wild mushrooms have been implemented.