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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 76-3585 WAKTOLA, Aregay, 1942- ASSESSMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT, DIFFUSION AND ADOPTION OF PACKAGE OF AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS IN CHILALO, ETHIOPIA. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1975 Agriculture, general Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 (£) Copyright by Aregay Waktola 1975 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. ASSESSMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT, DIFFUSION AND ADOPTION OF PACKAGE OF AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS IN CHILALO, ETHIOPIA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Aregay Waktola, B.S., M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 1975 Reading Committee: Approved By Dr. Clarence Cunningham Dr. Robert McCormick Dr. Robert Warmbrod Dr. William Wayt Department of Agricultural Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author is indebted to a large number of individuals for their encouragement and help during the conduct of this study. Foremost among the contributors to this study is the author’s adviser and chair man of his graduate committee, Professor Clarence Cunningham. His helpful guidance and counseling throughout the entire graduate program was a big asset. His debt to other members of the graduate committee, Professors Robert McCormick, Robert Warmbrod, William Wayt and David Francis is great. He is thankful to them for letting him engage in a research project which must at the time have seemed unattainable be cause of the political situations in Ethiopia. At the United State Department of Agriculture grateful thanks are due to Mrs. Elaine Rondeau and Mr. David Winkelmann for their kind in terest and assistance in the author's graduate program. Similarly Dr. Haile Woldemichael, Chairman of the Scholarship Committee, Haile Sellassie I University deserves special thanks for his cooperation. During the course of conducting the field work, office accom modation and professional facilities were made available at the Insti tute of Development Research (IDR) in Addis Ababa through the kind co operation and assistance of Dr. Assefa Mehretu and Dr. Tesfai Tecle. Similar arrangements including lodging and financial grants were made by CADU (Chilalo Agricultural Development Unit) in Assela. Grateful ii thanks are extended to Ato Henock Kifle, Executive Director, for his cooperation and assistance. Special appreciation is due to Ato Gugsa Indeshaw, Ato Michael Beyene, Mr. J. Olsson, Ato Yohannes W. Michael, Ato Alemayehu Mengistu, Ato Lema Kassaye, Wt. Hanna Kebede, Ato Habte G. Selassie, Ato Lissanework Berhane Meskel, Ato Aberra Y. Ab, Ato Yoseph Haile Selassie, Ato Bekele W/Abajifar and Ato Gudeta Nedessa all of CADU. The author is also indebted to all of the supervisors and Extension agents who were very helpful to him. Special thanks go to Dr. Dagnatchew Yirgu, Dr. Semu-Negus H. Mariam, Mr. N. Fadda and Ato Solomon Beleta of the Institute of Agri cultural Research (IAR) for their cooperation in enabling this author get a substantial amount of research grant. This researcher wishes to acknowledge a debt of gratitude to the interviewers whose dedication and understanding was a big asset. They are Beriso Tufa, Feleke Regassa, Girma Bikila, Kebede Seifu, Taye Tsehaye, Teshome Terefe, Kifle Demboba, Ahmed Musa and Sheiko Negewo. Thanks are due to Ato Degefu Hunde and Mr. Irineo M. Barrion of the Secondary School in Assela for their assistance in the selection of the interviewers. Grateful thanks are extended to Seyoum Solomon, Yilma Wube and Amare Hibistu for their delightful fellowship and assistance. Thanks are also due to Terri Melvin and Jean Herring for help in editing parts iii of the thesis. The author's debt to Mrs. Jeanette White is great for her help in typing and the final preparation of the thesis. Finally the author owes a special debt of gratitude to Zewditu Tadesse, Tsedale Waktola, Firdu Zawide, Taye Serfu, Getaneh Assefa, Girma Wolde Selassie, Ashenafi Waktola and all the other members of his family for their understanding and encouragement throughout his entire graduate program. iv VITA October 26, 1942 . Born, Gereno, Soddo, Ethiopia 1967 ................. B.S., College of Agriculture Haile Sellassie I University 1969 ............... M.S., University of Wisconsin 1969-1972 ...... Lecturer and Acting Head, Department of Agricultural Education, College of Agriculture, Haile Sellassie I University 1972-1975 ...... Graduate Student, Department of Agricultural Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio U.S.A. U.S.A. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Extension Education (Agricultural Education) Studies in Program Planning and Development. Professor Clarence Cunningham Studies in Research. Professor J. Robert Warmbrod Studies in Administration. Professor Robert McCormick Studies in Foreign Agricultural Development. Professors William Wayt and David Francis v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii VITA v LIST OF TABLES x LIST OF FIGURES xiv Chapter I. BACKGROUND AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 1 Introduction Background of the Study The Physical Setting Physical Features Climate and Natural Vegetation Soils Major Crops Grown in Ethiopia Livestock Production Methods of Cultivation Mineral Resources The Social Setting Population The Social Structure Systems of Land Tenure in Ethiopia Communal Ownership Individual Rights Pastoral Lands Government Ownership of Land Planning Experience in Ethiopian Agriculture Statement of the Problem Objectives of the Study Significance of the Study vi REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND THEORETICAL FRAME OF REFERENCE................... Introduction Development of Peasant Agriculture The Concept of Development The Problems of Agricultural Development The Evolution of the Package Concept Diffusion and Adoption of Innovations THE CHILALO AGRICULTUREAL DEVELOPMENT UNIT (CADU).... The Project Historical Background Main Goals of CADU Administration Experimentation Department Veterinary Department Extension and Training Department Infrastructure Department Common Services CADU Autonomous Divisions DESIGN AND CONDUCT OF THE STUDY....................... The Population Samle Size Sampling Plan Data Collection Characteristic of the Sample Age Religion Marital Status Size of Family Land Ownership Farm Size Methodological Procedures in the Analysis of Data Development of Variables Dependent Variable Independent Variable Predispositional Variables Intervening Variables Situational Variables Hypotheses Chapter Page V. ANALYSIS OF DATA - THE FINDINGS................ ...... 143 Results and Discussion CADU Diffusion Strategy Adoption of Agricultural Technologies by Chilalo Farmers Hypothesis Testing Multiple Regression Analysis with Five Predispositional Variables Multiple Regression Analysis with Intervening Variables Multiple Regression Analysis with Situational Variables Multiple Regression Analysis with Pre dispositional and Situational Variables Multiple Regression Analysis with Pre dispositional and Situational Variables Multiple Regression Analysis with Inter vening Variables and Situational Variables Multiple Regression Analysis with All the Variables VI. APPRAISAL OF SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE CADU PROJECT IN RELATION TO THE MAIN GOALS............... 185 The Investigator's Appraisal of the Project Experimentation Department Crop and Pasture Section Agricultural Engineering Section Animal Husbandry and Breeding Section Extension and Training Department Agricultural Extension The Marketing Division Farmers' Appraisal of CADU Impressions of Extension Agents, Supervisors and Department/Division/Section Heads

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