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Home , Adrian Stephen, A Treatise on Money, Between the Acts, David Garnett, Dreadnought hoax, Julian Bell

A Bloomsbury Chronology

1866 born 1877 Desmond Maccarthy born 1879 E.M. Forster born Vanessa Stephen born 1880 born born Saxon Sydney-Turner born born 1881 born 1882 Virginia Stephen born Mary Warre-Cornish born 1883 J.M. Keynes born born 1885 born Roger Fry enters King's College, Cambridge 1888 Roger Fry obtains a First Class honours in natural sciences and decides to study painting xx A Bloomsbury Chronology

1892 Roger Fry studies painting in Paris David Garnett born

1893 born

1894 Roger Fry gives university extension lectures at Cambridge mainly on Italian art Desmond Maccarthy enters Trinity College, Cambridge

1895 Death of Mrs Virginia Stephen's first breakdown

1896 Roger Fry and Helen Coombe married

1897 E.M. Forster enters King's College, Cambridge Desmond MacCarthy leaves Trinity College Virginia Stephen attends Greek and history classes at King's College,

1899 Roger Fry: Giovanni Bellini Clive Bell, Thoby Stephen, Lytton Strachey, Saxon Sydney-Turner, Leonard Woolf all enter Trinity College, Cambridge The Midnight Society - a 'reading society' - founded at Trinity by Bell, Sydney-Turner, Stephen, and Woolf

1900 Roger Fry gives university extension lectures on art at Cambridge 1go1 Roger Fry becomes art critic for the Athenaeum Vanessa Stephen enters the Royal Academy Schools E.M. Forster leaves Cambridge, travels in Italy and Greece, begins 1902 Duncan Grant attends the Westminster Art School Leonard Woolf, Saxon Sydney-Turner, and Lytton Strachey elected to 'The A Bloomsbury Chronology XXI

Apostles' (older members include Roger Fry, Desmond MacCarthy, E.M. Forster) Clive Bell does historical research in London after leaving Cambridge Adrian Stephen enters Trinity College, Cambridge J.M. Keynes enters King's College, Cambridge Virginia Stephen starts private Greek lessons 1903 G.E. Moore: Principia Ethica Roger Fry's first exhibition of paintings and drawings Desmond MacCarthy writes criticism for the Speaker J.M. Keynes elected to 'The Apostles' E.M. Forster's first short story published 1904 Virginia Stephen publishes her first review Leslie Stephen dies, and the Stephen children move to 46 Gordon Square, Bloomsbury E.M. Forster acts as tutor to Countess von Arnim's children in Germany Clive Bell lives in Paris and does historical research Leonard Woolf leaves Cambridge, takes the Civil Service examination and sails for Ceylon as a cadet in the Ceylon Civil Service Saxon Sydney-Turner leaves Cambridge and becomes a clerk in the Estate Duty Office Lytton Strachey works on a fellowship dissertation Virginia Stephen's second breakdown 1905 Euphrosyne: A Collection of Verse, with anonymous contributions by Clive Bell, Saxon Sydney-Turner, Leonard Woolf, and Lytton Strac;hey Roger Fry edits The Discourses of Sir Joshua Reynolds E.M. Forster: Where Angels Fear to Tread Adrian Stephen leaves Trinity College Virginia Stephen teaching at Morley College, London Thoby Stephen begins the Thursday evenings at Gordon Square for his friends Vanessa Stephen organizes the Friday Club, which is concerned with the arts Lytton Strachey leaves Cambridge J.M. Keynes bracketed Twelfth Wrangler 1906 Clive Bell reads for the Bar XXll A Bloomsbury Chronology

Desmond MacCarthy and Mary Warre-Cornish married Roger Fry accepts curatorship of the Department of Painting, Metropolitan Museum of New York Duncan Grant studies art in Paris J.M. Keynes joins the India Office Thoby Stephen dies of typhoid fever 1907 E.M. Forster: The Longest Journey Desmond MacCarthy: The Court Theatre: A Commentary and Criticism Vanessa Stephen and Clive Bell married Duncan Grant lives in Paris after studying a term at the Slade School Virginia and Adrian Stephen move to 29 Fitzroy Square; Thursday evenings begin again Virginia Stephen begins work on her first novel Roger Fry resigns curatorship and becomes European advisor to the Metropolitan Museum Desmond MacCarthy edits the New Quarterly (until 1910) Lytton Strachey begins weekly reviews for the Spectator (until 1909) Play-reading Society begun at 46 Gordon Square with the Bells, Adrian and Virginia Stephen, Strachey, and Sydney-Turner; meets intermittently until 1914 1908 E.M. Forster: A Room with a View born Leonard Woolf becomes Assistant Government Agent, Hambantota, Ceylon J.M. Keynes leaves the Civil Service 1909 Roger Fry: 'An Essay in Aesthetics' Lytton Strachey proposes to Virginia Stephen Duncan Grant moves to 21 Fitzroy Square Roger Fry becomes editor of the Burlington Magazine comes to Thursday evenings in Fitzroy Square J.M. Keynes elected to a fellowship at King's 1910 E.M. Forster: The takes place in February; Virginia Stephen, Adrian Stephen, Duncan Grant participate. Roger Fry meets Duncan Grant, the Bells; talks to the Friday Club; is dismissed from the Metropolitan Museum by J.P. Morgan Helen Fry confined to a mental institution as incurably insane (dies in 1937) A Bloomsbury Chronology XXlll

Virginia Stephen doing volunteer work for women's suffrage Lytton Strachey and Lady Ottoline Morrell meet born First Post-Impressionist Exhibition at the Grafton Galleries organized by Roger Fry, with Desmond MacCarthy as secretary (from November to January 19n)

19n E.M. Forster: and Other Stories Virginia Stephen leases a house at , Roger Fry declines the directorship of the Tate Gallery; starts lecturing at the Slade School Leonard Woolf returns from Ceylon J.M. Keynes becomes a lecturer in economics at Cambridge Virginia and Adrian Stephen move to 38 Brunswick Square where they share a house with Woolf, Keynes, and Grant , Roger Fry affair

1912 Lytton Strachey: Landmarks in French Literature E.M. Forster travels in India J.M. Keynes becomes editor of the Economic Journal (until 1945) Leonard Woolf resigns from the Colonial Service Virginia Stephen and Leonard Woolf married; they live in Clifford's Inn, London, and at Asham House, Sussex, after travelling in France, Spain, and Italy Second Post-Impressionist Exhibition organized by Roger Fry with Leonard Woolf as secretary (from November to February 1913)

1913 finishes Leonard Woolf: The Village and the Jungle J.M. Keynes: Indian Currency and Finance E.M. Forster returns from India, begins and writes Saxon Sydney-Turner joins the Treasury Leonard Woolf begins reviewing for the and studying the Co-operative Movement Vanessa Bell falls in love with Duncan Grant Desmond MacCarthy becomes drama critic for the New Statesman Omega Workshops founded by Roger Fry with Duncan Grant as co-director; quarrel with Wyndham Lewis Virginia Woolf suffers another breakdown and attempts suicide XXlV A Bloomsbury Chronology

Novel Club exists for about a year

1914 Clive Bell: Art Leonard Woolf: The Wise Virgins Adrian Stephen and Karin Costelloe married Desmond Maccarthy joins the Red Cross and serves in France (until 1915) J.M. Keynes joins the Treasury The Woolfs move to Richmond, Surrey, from Clifford's Inn Clive Bell, Mary Hutchinson relationship begins (until 1927)

1915 Clive Bell: Peace at Once (ordered destroyed by the Lord Mayor of London) Virginia Woolf: The Voyage Out E.M. Forster in Alexandria with the Red Cross (until 1918) The Woolfs move to Hogarth House, Richmond Carrington meets Lytton Strachey and Bloomsbury

1916 Leonard Woolf: International Government: Two Reports Lytton Strachey's claim of conscientious objection to conscription is denied, but he is granted exemption for medical reasons Leonard Woolf is exempted from conscription for medical reasons Clive Bell does alternative service on the Morrells' farm at Garsington Vanessa Bell, her children, Duncan Grant, and David Garnett move to Wissett in Suffolk so that Garnett and Grant can do alternative service on a farm; later in the year they move to Charleston, Firle, Sussex, where the Bells and Duncan Grant live permanently J.M. Keynes and friends take over 46 Gordon Square, which remains Keynes's London home

1917 Leonard Woolf: The Future of Constantinople Clive Bell: Ad Familiares The Woolfs buy a printing press: Two Stories Written and Printed by Virginia Woolf and L.S. Woolf is publication #1 of the Leonard Woolf edits The Framework for a Lasting Peace; founds the 1917 Club; and becomes secretary to the Labour party advisory committee on imperial and international questions for more than twenty years Virginia Woolf begins keeping a regular diary Lytton Strachey and Carrington set up house at the Mill House, Tidmarsh, Berkshire A Bloomsbury Chronology XXV

1918 Lytton Strachey: Eminent Victorians Clive Bell: Pot-Boilers Mary MacCarthy: A Pier and a Band Desmond MacCarthy: Remnants Leonard Woolf: Co-operation and the Future of Industry Leonard Woolf becomes editor of the International Review Katherine Mansfield's Prelude published by the Hogarth Press At the suggestion of Roger Fry and Duncan Grant, J.M. Keynes persuades the Treasury to purchase works of art from the Degas sale in Paris Angelica Bell, daughter of Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant, born 1919 Virginia Woolf: Night and Day The Hogarth Press publishes Virginia Woolf's Kew Gardens and T.S. Eliot's Poems, but is unable to publish James Joyce's Ulysses offered to it the year before J.M. Keynes in Paris as the principal respresentative of the Treasury at the Peace Conference; he resigns in June and writes The Economic Consequences of the Peace at Charleston, which is published at the end of the year The Bells, Woolfs, Keynes, Fry, and Grant meet Diaghileff's troupe in London, including Picasso, Derain, Stravinsky, Massine, Ansermet, Nijinsky, and Woolfs move from Asham to Monk's House, Rodmell, Sussex Clive Bell in Paris; friendship with Derain, Braque, Dunoyer de Segonzac, Picasso, Cocteau, and others Lady Strachey and daughters move to 51 Gordon Square and David Garnett open a bookstore 1920 Roger Fry: Vision and Design .Leonard Woolf: Economic Imperialism and Empire and Commerce in Africa The Hogarth Press publishes Maxim Gorky's Reminiscences of Tolstoy, translated by S.S. Koteliansky and Leonard Woolf, and E.M. Forster's The Story of the Siren Leonard Woolf writes leaders on foreign affairs for the Nation for three months Omega Workshops close First meeting of the Memoir Club Duncan Grant has his first one-man show in London XXVI A Bloomsbury Chronology

Desmond MacCarthy becomes literary editor of the New Statesman (until 1927), reviews under the pen name 'Affable Hawk' E.M. Forster becomes literary editor of the London Daily Herald for a year 1921 Clive Bell: Poems Virginia Woolf: Lytton Strachey: Queen Victoria Roger Fry: Twelve Original Woodcuts Leonard Woolf: Stories from the East and Socialism and Co-operation J.M. Keynes: A Treatise on Probability E.M. Forster in India as temporary secretary to the Maharajah of Dewas State Senior Virginia Woolf is ill and inactive for four months Carrington and married

1922 Clive Bell: Since Cezanne Lytton Strachey: Books and Characters: French and English E.M. Forster: Alexandria: A History and a Guide Virginia Woolf: Jacob's Room J.M. Keynes: A Revision of the Treaty Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant decorate Keynes's rooms at King's College Leonard Woolf defeated as the Labour candidate for the Combined University constituency

1923 Clive Bell: On British Freedom; also writes The Legend of Monte della Sibilla or Le Paradis de la Reine Sibille, with illustrations by Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant published by the Hogarth Press Roger Fry: Duncan Grant and A Sampler of Castile E.M. Forster: Pharos and Pharillon J.M. Keynes: A Tract on Monetary Reform The Hogarth Press publishes TS. Eliot's The Waste Land Virginia Woolf: : A Comedy, a play about Julia Margaret Cameron, performed; revised 1935 for another performance Leonard Woolf edits Fabian Essays on Co-operation J.M. Keynes becomes chairman of the board of the Nation and Athenaeum; Leonard Woolf becomes the literary editor (until 1930) . David Garnett: Lady into Fox 1924 E.M. Forster: A Passage to India A Bloomsbury Chronology XXVll

Mary MacCarthy: A Nineteenth-Century Childhood Virginia Woolf: Mr Bennett and Mrs Brown Roger Fry: The Artist and Psycho-analysis The Hogarth Press publishes Freud's Collected Papers and begins the Psycho-Analytic Library; 'The Hogarth Essays' also begun Lytton Strachey, Carrington, and Ralph Partridge move to Ham Spray House, Berkshire The Woolfs (and the Hogarth Press) move to 52 Tavistock Square in Blooms- bury David Garnett: The Man in the Zoo 1925 Virginia Woolf: The Common Reader and Leonard Woolf: Fear and Politics: A Debate at the Zoo J.M. Keynes: The Economic Consequences of Mr Churchill and A Short View of Russia E.M. Forster: Anonymity Lytton Strachey's play The Son of Heaven (written in 1912) performed; Strachey lectures on Pope at Cambridge J.M. Keynes and Lydia Lopokova married; Keynes visits Russia; then takes a lease on Tilton, near Charleston, which remains his country home Virginia Woolf ill for three months Virginia Woolf becomes friends with Vita Sackville-West 1926 Roger Fry: Trans/ ormations and Art and Commerce Julia Margaret Cameron, Victorian Photographs of Famous Men and Fair Women, with introductions by Roger Fry and Virginia Woolf, published by the Hogarth Press Adrian and obtain bachelor of medicine degrees to become psycho-analysts David Garnett: The Sailor's Return 1927 Virginia Woolf: Clive Bell: Landmarks in Nineteenth-Century Painting Leonard Woolf: Essays on Literature, History, Politics, etc. and Hunting the Highbrow E.M. Forster gives the Clark lectures at Cambridge, which are published as ; becomes a Fellow of King's College Roger Fry: Flemish Art and Cezanne; translates Charles Mauron's The Nature of Beauty in Art and Literature; lectures on Flemish Art at the Queen's Hall, becomes an honorary fellow at King's XXVlll A Bloomsbury Chronology

The 'Hogarth Lectures on Literature' started Julian Bell enters King's College, Cambridge David Garnett: Go She Must! 1928 Clive Bell: Civilization and Proust Leonard Woolf: Imperialism and Civilization E.M. Forster: and Other Stories Virginia Woolf: Orlando: A Biography Lytton Strachey: Elizabeth and Essex: A Tragic History Desmond MacCarthy succeeds Edmund Gosse as senior literary critic for the Sunday Times; also edits Life and Letters (until 1933) The Bells, Duncan Grant, occasionally the Woolfs and Roger Fry, stay at 'La Bergere,' Cassis, near Marseille, regularly until 1938 Lady Strachey dies

1929 Virginia Woolf: A Room of One's Own Duncan Grant: a retrospective exhibition ( 1910-29) Desmond MacCarthy delivers the Clark Lectures at Cambridge on Byron

1930 Mary MacCarthy: Fighting Fitzgerald and Other Papers Roger Fry: Henri Matisse J.M. Keynes: , 2 vols Vanessa Bell: exhibition of her paintings in London Leonard Woolf helps to found the Political Quarterly and becomes an editor next year (until 1959) The 'Hogarth Day to Day Pamphlets' started

1931 Virginia Woolf: Clive Bell: An Account of French Painting Desmond MacCarthy: Portraits Leonard Woolf: After the Deluge, vol. 1 Lytton Strachey: Portraits in Miniature J.M. Keynes: Essays in Persuasion E.M. Forster: A Letter to Madan Blanchard (first of the Hogarth Letters) Roger Fry: retrospective exhibition of paintings John Lehmann joins the Hogarth Press (leaves in 1932)

1932 Virginia Woolf: The Common Reader Second Series and A Bloomsbury Chronology XXIX

Desmond MacCarthy: Criticism Roger Fry: Characteristics of French Art and The Arts of Painting and Sculpture Lytton Strachey dies; Carrington commits suicide Roger Fry lectures at the Queen's Hall Exhibition of recent paintings by Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant in London New Signatures begun by the Hogarth Press

1933 Roger Fry: Art-History as an Academic Study J.M. Keynes: Essays in Biography Leonard Woolf edits The Intelligent Man's Way to Prevent War Virginia Woolf: Flush: A Biography Lytton Strachey: Characters and Commentaries Roger Fry appointed Slade Professor at Cambridge Clive Bell becomes art critic of the New Statesman and Nation (until 1943)

1934 Clive Bell: Enjoying Pictures: Meditations in the and Elsewhere E.M. Forster: Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson Roger Fry: Reflections on British Painting Virginia Woolf: Walter Sickert: A Conversation Roger Fry dies Exhibition of Vanessa Bell's paintings

1935 Desmond MacCarthy: Experience Leonard Woolf: Quack, Quack! Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant execute decorations for the Queen Mary which are then rejected J.M. Keynes helps to build the Arts Theatre in Cambridge

1936 J.M. Keynes: The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money E.M. Forster: Abinger Harvest Mary MacCarthy: Handicaps: Six Studies Leonard Woolf: The League and Abyssinia Adrian Stephen: The 'Dreadnought' Hoax Stephane Mallarme's Poems, translated by Roger Fry with commentaries by Charles Mauron Virginia Woolf ill for two months XXX A Bloomsbury Chronology

1937 Virginia Woolf: Mary Maccarthy: The Festival, Etc. Desmond Maccarthy gives the Leslie Stephen Lecture on Leslie Stephen at Cambridge Vanessa Bell: exhibition of paintings Duncan Grant: exhibition of paintings Julian Bell killed in Spain J.M. Keynes seriously ill

1938 Virginia Woolf: Clive Bell: Warmongers E.M. Forster: 's Pleasant Land: A Pageant Play produced Julian Bell: Essays, Poems and Letters, ed. Quentin Bell The Greville Memoirs, ed. Lytton Strachey and Roger Fulford, 8 vols John Lehmann rejoins the Hogarth Press as general manager and partner, buying Virginia Woolf's interest in the Press Leonard Woolf appointed a member of the Civil Service Arbitration Tribunal (for seventeen years) J.M. Keynes reads 'My Early Beliefs' to the Memoir Club

1939 Leonard Woolf: After the Deluge, vol. 2, The Barbarians at the Gate, and The Hotel E.M. Forster: Roger Fry: Last Lectures Woolfs and the Hogarth Press move to 37 Mecklenburgh Square Angelica Bell's twenty-first birthday: 'the last Bloomsbury party'

1940 Virginia Woolf: Roger Fry: A Biography Desmond MacCarthy: Drama Leonard Woolf: The War for Peace Hogarth Press bombed in Mecklenburgh Square; moved to-Hertfordshire E.M. Forster broadcasts regularly throughout the war to India 1941 Virginia Woolf: Virginia Woolf commits suicide Vanessa Bell: exhibition of paintings 1942 E.M. Forster: Virginia Woolf A Bloomsbury Chronology XXXI

Virginia Woolf: The Death of the Moth and Other Essays Angelica Bell and David Garnett married J.M. Keynes becomes chairman of the Committee for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts (which becomes the Arts Council in 1945); awarded a peerage

1943 Virginia Woolf: A Haunted House and Other Short Stories Vanessa Bell, Duncan Grant, and Quentin Bell complete paintings for the parish church at Berwick near Firle, Sussex

1944 J.M. Keynes at the Bretton Woods international conference

1945 E.M. Forster elected honorary fellow of King's College and takes up residence there after his mother's death J.M. Keynes: 'The Arts Council: Its Policy and Hopes,' BBC broadcast Duncan Grant: one-man exhibition J.M. Keynes goes to America to negotiate a loan for Britain 1946 J.M. Keynes awarded the Order of Merit but dies before it is conferred John Lehmann offers to buy the Hogarth Press, but Leonard Woolf sells out to Chatto & Windus instead

1947 E.M. Forster: Collected Tales Virginia Woolf: The Moment and Other Essays 1948 Adrian Stephen dies

1949 J.M. Keynes: Two Memoirs 1950 Virginia Woolf: The Captain's Death Bed and Other Essays 1951 Desmond Maccarthy: Shaw E.M. Forster: ; writes the libretto for Benjamin Britten's opera Desmond Maccarthy knighted 1952 Desmond Maccarthy dies xxxn A Bloomsbury Chronology

1953 Desmond Maccarthy: Humanities and Memories Leonard Woolf: Principle Politica (vol. 3 of After the Deluge) Virginia Woolf: A Writer's Diary, ed. Leonard Woolf E.M. Forster: The Hill of Devi Mary MacCarthy dies David Garnett: The Golden Echo 1954 Desmond MacCarthy: Theatre 1955 David Garnett: Aspects of Love and The Flowers of the Forest 1956 Clive Bell: Old Friends: Personal Recollections E.M. Forster: : A Domestic Biography Virginia Woolf and Lytton Strachey: Letters Vanessa Bell: exhibition of paintings Last meeting of the Memoir Club 1957 Duncan Grant: exhibition of paintings 1958 Virginia Woolf: Granite and Rainbow: Essays Duncan Grant decorates Russell Chantry, Lincoln Cathedral 1959 Duncan Grant: retrospective exhibition at the Tate Gallery 1960 Leonard Woolf: Sowing: An Autobiography of the Years 1880-1904; revisits Ceylon 1961 Leonard Woolf: Growing: An Autobiography of The Years 1904-1911 Vanessa Bell dies; memorial exhibition of her paintings 1962 Leonard Woolf: Diaries in Ceylon: 1908-1911 Saxon Sydney-Turner dies David Garnett: The Familiar Faces 1964 Leonard Woolf: Beginning Again: An Autobiography of the Years 19JJ-1918 A Bloomsbury Chronology XXXlll

Lytton Strachey: Spectatorial Essays Duncan Grant and His World: An Exhibition Vanessa Bell: A Memorial Exhibition of her Paintings by the Arts Council Clive Bell dies

1965 Virginia Woolf: Contemporary Writers 1967 Leonard Woolf: Downhill All the Way: 1919-1939 196g Leonard Woolf: The Journey Not the Arrival Matters: An Autobiography of the Years 1939-196g Portraits by Duncan Grant: an Arts Council exhibition E.M. Forster awarded the Order of Merit Leonard Woolf dies 1970 E.M. Forster dies Carrington: Letters and Extracts from Her Diaries, ed. David Garnett 1971 E.M. Forster: Maurice and Albergo Empedocle and Other Writings Lytton Strachey by Himself: A Self-Portrait 1972 Roger Fry: Letters, 2 vols E.M. Forster: and Other Stories Lytton Strachey: The Really Interesting Question and Other Papers Duncan Grant: exhibition of watercolours and drawings

1973 Virginia Woolf: Mrs Dalloway's Party: A Short Short Sequence

1975 The Letters of Virginia Woolf (6 vols to 1980) 1976 Virginia Woolf: (expanded edition, 1985)

1977 The Diary of Virginia Woolf (5 vols to 1984) Virginia Woolf: Books and Portraits 1978 Duncan Grant dies XXXIV A Bloomsbury Chronology

E.M. Forster: Commonplace Book facsimile published; transcribed 1985

1979 David Garnett: Great Friends 1980 E.M. Forster: Arctic Summer and Other Fiction 1981 David Garnett, Lydia Keynes die

1983 Selected Letters of E.M. Forster (2 vols to 1985) 1985 Virginia Woolf, The Complete Shorter Fiction (expanded edition, 1989) 1986 Essays of Virginia Woolf (6 vols to - )

1989 Letters of Leonard Woolf

1990 The Early Journals of Virginia Woolf

1993 Selected Letters of Vanessa Bell