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UK News from CERN Issue 17: 26 March 2013

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UK News from CERN Issue 17: 26 March 2013 UK news from CERN Issue 17: 26 March 2013 In this issue: LHCb’s extra dimension – seeing data in a different way An holistic approach to improving accelerator performance Educating the united nations – maintaining continuity and broadening horizons Northern Ireland Assembly visits CERN Dates for the diary LHCb’s extra dimension Precision is key. LHCb provides the opportunity Predictability can be both reassuring, and a bit for unprecedented precision – it is a detector dull. For physicists at CERN, the Standard especially built for exploiting the vast number of Model of particle physics is like a jigsaw into b and c quarks (heavy cousins of the ‘everyday’ which they are gradually fitting pieces. Some quarks you find inside protons and neutrons) pieces seem to be fitting – measurements of the produced at the LHC, which are ideal for these Higgs boson seem to be pointing towards a precision measurements. Higgs that fits beautifully. But most physicists prefer living life on the edge, and they are The b and c quarks produced in LHCb collisions hoping to find pieces that just won’t fit. This associate with other quarks to form various would mean that the Standard Model isn’t right. types of short-lived particles that decay in a And it would force a radical (and exciting) number of ways; two-body, three-body or four- rethink; one that could lead to a theory that body, with the name relating to the number of answers questions that the Standard Model pieces of particle debris produced in the leaves open. For example, why there is only explosion. LHCb seeks to reconstruct these matter in the Universe. decays by tracking the paths of the debris. Analysing the decays is a complex process. Jonas Rademacker (University of Bristol) is one of those hoping to shake things up a bit. But for One of the most precise tools to measure Jonas, it is not a question of stumbling upon a matter:antimatter asymmetries in these data are new particle that overturns current thinking. He Dalitz plots, named after the British scientist, has developed a new way of analysing data Richard Dalitz. These are scatter plots that from LHCb that offers an unprecedented level of beautifully represent all the weird and wonderful detail and precision, “We’re hoping to find the quantum-mechanical interference effects that go jigsaw piece that looks like it should fit, but when on in decays, and Jonas and his colleagues use you look very closely, the pattern isn’t quite them at LHCb as a precision tool to measure CP right.” violation. Importantly, Jonas has added a new tool to LHCb’s toolbox that generalises these LHCb is focussed on the matter:antimatter analyses to four-body decays. This requires conundrum; if matter and antimatter were analysing a scatter plot in five dimensions, created in equal amounts at the Big Bang, what rather than two - considerably more happened to all the antimatter? Tiny deviations complicated, but worth the effort because it from the Standard Model predictions in LHCb’s significantly increases the precision of the measurements could reveal spectacular new measurement. Higher precision is the key to insights into the nature of matter, antimatter and success if you are looking for tiny deviations. the creation of the Universe. Page 1 Written and edited by Stephanie Hills, UK Communications and Innovation Officer @ CERN [email protected] or [email protected] In fact, the precision expected from these measurements is so spectacular that traditional Jonas’ project is funded by a recent €1.4M grant mathematical models describing the quantum from the European Research Council. Once his mechanical interference effects are no longer team is complete, it will include a post-doc and sufficiently accurate. The limitations in the three PhD students. models produce a small measurement uncertainty that, for the high precision Jonas An holistic approach and his team are aiming at, is simply unacceptable. It takes a range of skills and technologies to improve the performance of a particle accelerator but often different research areas © CERN/LHCb/J discover that they have been working towards a Rademacker common goal when it is too late to share resources, swap ideas or collaborate, simply because there has been no mechanism to bring the different activities together. A new network is taking a more holistic approach. The oPAC network is seeking to improve the performance of current and future particle Typical LHCb Dalitz plot of decay. It's a short-lived neutral Kaon accelerators including the LHC and CLIC. Like (‘K-short’) LA3NET (featured in UKNFC 14), oPAC is a Marie Curie Initial Training Network (ITN) for young researchers. Each fellow works on their own project (normally leading to a PhD) but also participates in a number of schools and workshops to share knowledge and expertise. © CERN/LHCb/J With a project budget of 6 M€, the network is Rademacker one of the biggest of the EC-funded ITNs. oPAC has 22 fellows five of whom are based at CERN, three at the Cockcroft Institute/University of Liverpool and two at Royal Holloway University of London. The same decay, but now with ‘special’ D mesons at CLEO-c (CP- odd ones, an equal superposition of D and anti-D). It looks remarkably different (the symmetry around the diagonal is a “oPAC has a very broad remit – the fellows are consequence of it being a superposition of D and anti-D) - and looking at all aspects of accelerator that's the trick, you really get different, additional information out, which, when combined with LHCb data, is helping measure optimisation, including beam dynamics, beam gamma. instrumentation, control systems and numerical studies.” says coordinator Carsten Welsch By systematically analysing data from CLEO-c, (University of Liverpool). “But we also have a a previous experiment at Cornell University, very practical focus and aim to implement the USA, Jonas and his colleagues have been able results of the fellows’ projects. to replace the input from the insufficient models with measurements directly from CLEO-c’s “For example, one of the beam instrumentation special data. “We are in an excellent position to projects is to develop a beam halo monitor. The reach unprecedented sensitivity to physics halo is the outer part of the beam and it’s beyond the Standard Model – we have difficult to measure because that part of the developed new precision methods, we have beam only contains a few particles. overcome the limitation of the method with Nevertheless, it is very important to the overall CLEO-c data, and we have fantastic new LHCb performance of the accelerator. The fellow, data – with more to come. We might be the Blaine Lomberg (University of Liverpool), is team that breaks the Standard Model!” building a prototype in close collaboration with Page 2 Written and edited by Stephanie Hills, UK Communications and Innovation Officer @ CERN [email protected] or [email protected] the University of Maryland (USA), experts from the discussions or the poster session. More Thermo Fisher Scientific (USA), ViALUX information is available on the oPAC web site. (Germany) and CERN which will be tested on the ALICE and EMMA accelerators at STFC Educating the united nations Daresbury Laboratory." Uprooting your family from the UK to take up a As with the other ITNs, industry involvement is job at CERN is a big decision, particularly if your very important, and Carsten and his colleagues children are already at school. The obvious on the steering group consulted industry advantages are the opportunity to become representatives when they were developing proficient, or even fluent, in a second language plans for the network. “The training that we and to broaden their horizons. But making sure provide must be relevant, so we asked industry that this is not at the cost of their overall what skills graduate recruits are missing when education is vital. they leave university, and what companies have to spend time and money teaching them. The When CERN extended across the Franco-Swiss list included project management, presentation border some 40 years ago, the laboratory and communication skills.” So, alongside their worked with the French authorities to ensure individual research projects and regular that good local schooling that also recognised technical workshops, the fellows also get the cultural diversity of the region, would be together for skills training. available for the children of international personnel. This led to the creation of the This focus on producing highly-skilled young International Collège and Lycée in Ferney researchers undoubtedly pays off. All the Voltaire, with an associated International fellows from Ditanet (oPAC’s predecessor Primary Programme. Today, the school has network, also coordinated by Carsten) are still more than 2000 students from 70 different working in R&D, mostly in industry, but some in countries. Within the school, there are six academia. national sections, one of which is the English National Programme (ENP) with over 800 “Our approach is to make sure that the skills students enrolled. training is directly relevant. We don’t use fictitious scenarios in the training courses – for Managed by the Association de Langue example, project management training is Anglaise - English Language Programme (ALA- focussed on the requirements of the fellows’ ELP), the ENP provides 6-8 hours of teaching own PhDs and they leave the course with a plan per week in English at Collège and Lycée, in the that they can implement immediately.” key subjects of English, English literature, history-geography and maths, for students Carsten is convinced that the Marie Curie ITNs whose English is already very good or is of provide the best research and training mother-tongue standard.
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