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Elementary Explanation of the Inexistence of Decoherence at Zero
Elementary explanation of the inexistence of decoherence at zero temperature for systems with purely elastic scattering Yoseph Imry Dept. of Condensed-Matter Physics, the Weizmann Institute of science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (Dated: October 31, 2018) This note has no new results and is therefore not intended to be submitted to a ”research” journal in the foreseeable future, but to be available to the numerous individuals who are interested in this issue. Several of those have approached the author for his opinion, which is summarized here in a hopefully pedagogical manner, for convenience. It is demonstrated, using essentially only energy conservation and elementary quantum mechanics, that true decoherence by a normal environment approaching the zero-temperature limit is impossible for a test particle which can not give or lose energy. Prime examples are: Bragg scattering, the M¨ossbauer effect and related phenomena at zero temperature, as well as quantum corrections for the transport of conduction electrons in solids. The last example is valid within the scattering formulation for the transport. Similar statements apply also to interference properties in equilibrium. PACS numbers: 73.23.Hk, 73.20.Dx ,72.15.Qm, 73.21.La I. INTRODUCTION cally in the case of the coupling of a conduction-electron in a solid to lattice vibrations (phonons) 14 years ago [5] and immediately refuted vigorously [6]. Interest in this What diminishes the interference of, say, two waves problem has resurfaced due to experiments by Mohanty (see Eq. 1 below) is an interesting fundamental ques- et al [7] which determine the dephasing rate of conduc- tion, some aspects of which are, surprisingly, still being tion electrons by weak-localization magnetoconductance debated. -
Accommodating Retrocausality with Free Will Yakir Aharonov Chapman University, [email protected]
Chapman University Chapman University Digital Commons Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Science and Technology Faculty Articles and Faculty Articles and Research Research 2016 Accommodating Retrocausality with Free Will Yakir Aharonov Chapman University, [email protected] Eliahu Cohen Tel Aviv University Tomer Shushi University of Haifa Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/scs_articles Part of the Quantum Physics Commons Recommended Citation Aharonov, Y., Cohen, E., & Shushi, T. (2016). Accommodating Retrocausality with Free Will. Quanta, 5(1), 53-60. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.12743/quanta.v5i1.44 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Science and Technology Faculty Articles and Research at Chapman University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research by an authorized administrator of Chapman University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Accommodating Retrocausality with Free Will Comments This article was originally published in Quanta, volume 5, issue 1, in 2016. DOI: 10.12743/quanta.v5i1.44 Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. This article is available at Chapman University Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/scs_articles/334 Accommodating Retrocausality with Free Will Yakir Aharonov 1;2, Eliahu Cohen 1;3 & Tomer Shushi 4 1 School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Schmid College of Science, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 3 H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. -
Arxiv:1910.05796V2 [Math-Ph] 26 Oct 2020 5
Towards a conformal field theory for Schramm-Loewner evolutions Eveliina Peltola [email protected] Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 60, D-53115 Bonn, Germany We discuss the partition function point of view for chordal Schramm-Loewner evolutions and their relation- ship with correlation functions in conformal field theory. Both are closely related to crossing probabilities and interfaces in critical models in two-dimensional statistical mechanics. We gather and supplement previous results with different perspectives, point out remaining difficulties, and suggest directions for future studies. 1. Introduction 2 2. Schramm-Loewner evolution in statistical mechanics and conformal field theory4 A. Schramm-Loewner evolution (SLE) 5 B. SLE in critical models – the Ising model6 C. Conformal field theory (CFT) 7 D. Martingale observables for interfaces 9 3. Multiple SLE partition functions and applications 12 A. Multiple SLEs and their partition functions 12 B. Definition of the multiple SLE partition functions 13 C. Properties of the multiple SLE partition functions 16 D. Relation to Schramm-Loewner evolutions and critical models 18 4. Fusion and operator product expansion 20 A. Fusion and operator product expansion in conformal field theory 21 B. Fusion: analytic approach 22 C. Fusion: systematic algebraic approach 23 D. Operator product expansion for multiple SLE partition functions 26 arXiv:1910.05796v2 [math-ph] 26 Oct 2020 5. From OPE structure to products of random distributions? 27 A. Conformal bootstrap 27 B. Random tempered distributions 28 C. Bootstrap construction? 29 Appendix A. Representation theory of the Virasoro algebra 31 Appendix B. Probabilistic construction of the pure partition functions 32 Appendix C. -
Nucleon Resonances and Quark Structure
Nucleon Resonances and Quark Structure J.T. Londergan Physics Dept and Nuclear Theory Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. [email protected] (Dated: October 25, 2018) A pedagogical review of the past 50 years of study of resonances, leading to our understanding of the quark content of baryons and mesons. The level of this review is intended for undergraduates or first-year graduate students. Topics covered include: the quark structure of the proton as revealed through deep inelastic scattering; structure functions and what they reveal about proton structure; and prospects for further studies with new and upgraded facilities, particularly a proposed electron- ion collider. Keywords: I. INTRODUCTION These lectures were given at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh India, at a nuclear physics workshop attended by Indian graduate students and postdocs. These lectures provide a pedagogical review of the past 50 years of experimental and theoretical studies of the quark and gluon structure of the nucleon. Since many speakers at this workshop will discuss structure functions extracted from deep inelastic scattering reactions, we define these quantities and review what can be extracted from them. We hope that specialists in this field will tolerate our brief and superficial summary of many years' study of strongly-interacting systems. FIG. 1: Richard H. Dalitz, 1925-2006. arXiv:0907.3431v1 [hep-ph] 20 Jul 2009 These lectures are dedicated to my mentor, Richard Dalitz, who was from 1963-2000 Royal Society Professor of Physics at Oxford University and who made seminal contributions in particle phenomenology. Dalitz pairs (electron- positron pairs from decay of a high-energy photon) and the Dalitz plot were named after him. -
Geometric Phase from Aharonov-Bohm to Pancharatnam–Berry and Beyond
Geometric phase from Aharonov-Bohm to Pancharatnam–Berry and beyond Eliahu Cohen1,2,*, Hugo Larocque1, Frédéric Bouchard1, Farshad Nejadsattari1, Yuval Gefen3, Ebrahim Karimi1,* 1Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada 2Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel 3Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel *Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: Whenever a quantum system undergoes a cycle governed by a slow change of parameters, it acquires a phase factor: the geometric phase. Its most common formulations are known as the Aharonov-Bohm, Pancharatnam and Berry phases, but both prior and later manifestations exist. Though traditionally attributed to the foundations of quantum mechanics, the geometric phase has been generalized and became increasingly influential in many areas from condensed-matter physics and optics to high energy and particle physics and from fluid mechanics to gravity and cosmology. Interestingly, the geometric phase also offers unique opportunities for quantum information and computation. In this Review we first introduce the Aharonov-Bohm effect as an important realization of the geometric phase. Then we discuss in detail the broader meaning, consequences and realizations of the geometric phase emphasizing the most important mathematical methods and experimental techniques used in the study of geometric phase, in particular those related to recent works in optics and condensed-matter physics. Published in Nature Reviews Physics 1, 437–449 (2019). DOI: 10.1038/s42254-019-0071-1 1. Introduction A charged quantum particle is moving through space. -
Annual Report to Industry Canada Covering The
Annual Report to Industry Canada Covering the Objectives, Activities and Finances for the period August 1, 2008 to July 31, 2009 and Statement of Objectives for Next Year and the Future Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street North Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5 Table of Contents Pages Period A. August 1, 2008 to July 31, 2009 Objectives, Activities and Finances 2-52 Statement of Objectives, Introduction Objectives 1-12 with Related Activities and Achievements Financial Statements, Expenditures, Criteria and Investment Strategy Period B. August 1, 2009 and Beyond Statement of Objectives for Next Year and Future 53-54 1 Statement of Objectives Introduction In 2008-9, the Institute achieved many important objectives of its mandate, which is to advance pure research in specific areas of theoretical physics, and to provide high quality outreach programs that educate and inspire the Canadian public, particularly young people, about the importance of basic research, discovery and innovation. Full details are provided in the body of the report below, but it is worth highlighting several major milestones. These include: In October 2008, Prof. Neil Turok officially became Director of Perimeter Institute. Dr. Turok brings outstanding credentials both as a scientist and as a visionary leader, with the ability and ambition to position PI among the best theoretical physics research institutes in the world. Throughout the last year, Perimeter Institute‘s growing reputation and targeted recruitment activities led to an increased number of scientific visitors, and rapid growth of its research community. Chart 1. Growth of PI scientific staff and associated researchers since inception, 2001-2009. -
David Bohn, Roger Penrose, and the Search for Non-Local Causality
David Bohm, Roger Penrose, and the Search for Non-local Causality Before they met, David Bohm and Roger Penrose each puzzled over the paradox of the arrow of time. After they met, the case for projective physical space became clearer. *** A machine makes pairs (I like to think of them as shoes); one of the pair goes into storage before anyone can look at it, and the other is sent down a long, long hallway. At the end of the hallway, a physicist examines the shoe.1 If the physicist finds a left hiking boot, he expects that a right hiking boot must have been placed in the storage bin previously, and upon later examination he finds that to be the case. So far, so good. The problem begins when it is discovered that the machine can make three types of shoes: hiking boots, tennis sneakers, and women’s pumps. Now the physicist at the end of the long hallway can randomly choose one of three templates, a metal sheet with a hole in it shaped like one of the three types of shoes. The physicist rolls dice to determine which of the templates to hold up; he rolls the dice after both shoes are out of the machine, one in storage and the other having started down the long hallway. Amazingly, two out of three times, the random choice is correct, and the shoe passes through the hole in the template. There can 1 This rendition of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen, 1935, delayed-choice thought experiment is paraphrased from Bernard d’Espagnat, 1981, with modifications via P. -
Arxiv:1403.4425V1 [Hep-Ex] 18 Mar 2014 and Strong
July 30, 2018 7:30 Brief history for the search and discovery of the Higgs particle – A personal perspective Sau Lan Wu Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA [email protected] In 1964, a new particle was proposed by several groups to answer the question of where the masses of elementary particles come from; this particle is usually referred to as the Higgs particle or the Higgs boson. In July 2012, this Higgs particle was finally found experimentally, a feat accomplished by the ATLAS Collaboration and the CMS Col- laboration using the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. It is the purpose of this review to give my personal perspective on a brief history of the experimental search for this particle since the ’80s and finally its discovery in 2012. Besides the early searches, those at the LEP collider at CERN, the Tevatron Collider at Fermilab, and the Large Hadron Collider at CERN are described in some detail. This experimental discovery of the Higgs boson is often considered to be the most important advance in particle physics in the last half a century, and some of the possible implications are briefly discussed. This review is partially based on a talk presented by the author at the conference “Higgs Quo Vadis,” Aspen Center for Physics, Aspen, CO, USA, March 10-15, 2013. Keywords: Higgs boson; standard model; Large Hadron Collider; Higgs discovery. PACS Nos.: 14.80.Bn, 13.85.-t, 13.66.Fg, 12.60.-i 1. Introduction 1.1. Fundamental interaction and gauge particles There are four types of interactions in nature: gravitational, weak, electromagnetic arXiv:1403.4425v1 [hep-ex] 18 Mar 2014 and strong. -
Satya Narayan Majumdar Work Address
CV Name: Satya Narayan Majumdar Work Address: Laboratoire de Physique Th´eorique et Mod`elesStatistiques (LPTMS), Universit´eParis-Saclay, UMR 8626 (CNRS), Bat^ Pascal no: 530, Rue Andre Reviere, 91405 Orsay cedex, France Tel: 01-69-15-64-65 Fax: 01-69-15-65-25 Email: [email protected] Date of Birth: 01-01-1966 Education: 8/87 { 9/92 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bombay, India Ph.D. in Physics, September 1992. Thesis: Self-organized Criticality in Sandpiles and Driven Diffusive Lattice Gases. Advisor: Prof. Deepak Dhar, Tata Institute, Bombay, India. 9/85 { 7/87 University of Calcutta Calcutta, India M.Sc in Physics, 1987 (ranked 1st among approx. 200) 9/81 { 8/85 Presidency College Calcutta, India B.Sc in Physics, University of Calcutta, 1985 (ranked 1st among approx. 2500) Employment: 10/11 { present: Directeur de Recherche (DR1) at Laboratoire de Physique Th´eorique et Mod`elesStatistiques, Universit´eParis-Sud, Orsay, France. 09/03 {09/11: Directeur de Recherche (DR2) at Laboratoire de Physique Th´eorique et Mod`elesStatistiques, Universit´eParis-Sud, Orsay, France. 01/00 { 09/03: Charg´ede Recherche (CR1) at UMR 5626 du CNRS, IRSAMC, Uni- versit´ePaul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. 11/96 { 12/99 Reader at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, India. 10/94 { 10/96 Post Doctoral Associate at Yale University, USA. 10/92 { 09/94 Post Doctoral fellow at AT&T Bell Labs, USA. 08/87 { 09/92 Thesis student and Research Assistant at Tata Institute of Fundamen- tal Research, Bombay, India. Honors and Awards: 1: Gay-Lussac Humboldt prize (awarded by the Alexander von Humboldt foundation, 2019). -
Fellowships for US Lab Directors
CCEMarFACES33-38 14/2/06 12:21 Page 33 FACES AND PLACES AWARDS Fellowships for US lab directors Two associate directors of US particle-physics laboratories were among the members of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) to receive awards as new fellows at the 2006 AAAS Annual Meeting in St Louis, Missouri, on 18 February. They join other leading figures in US particle physics and related fields that were elected as new fellows by the AAAS Council during 2005. Swapan Chattopadhyay, associate director for accelerators at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab), was awarded the distinction of fellow for his “fundamental contributions to accelerator science, including phase-space cooling, innovative collider designs and pioneering Swapan Chattopadhyay, left, and Samuel Aronson, received AAAS fellowships in February. femto-sources, and for mentoring accelerator scientists at facilities worldwide, especially in Accelerator Department, the Physics professor at the University of Chicago, was developing countries”. He is responsible for Department, the Superconducting Magnet honoured “for his exceptional research in the all aspects of Jefferson Lab’s accelerator and Division, the Instrumentation Division and the evolution of the earliest universe, explaining Free-Electron Laser (FEL) programmes, Center for Accelerator Physics. its significance to the public, and for including R&D and operations, maintenance Neil V Baggett, advisor for planning and co-founding the interdisciplinary field of and upgrades of the Continuous Electron communication in the high-energy physics particle physics and cosmology”. Beam Accelerator Facility and the FEL. programme of the Office of Science of the US Lastly, C W Francis Everitt, research professor Samuel Aronson, associate laboratory Department of Energy, was also elected as a at the Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory director for high-energy and nuclear physics fellow. -
DI FRANCESCO First: Philippe Citizenship: French Address: Dept
CURRICULUM VITAE Philippe R. DI FRANCESCO 1-General information Name: DI FRANCESCO First: Philippe Citizenship: French Address: Dept. of Mathematics, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1409 W Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA e-mail: [email protected] 2-Education 1980: Bac s´erie C mention TB (high school diploma, math major, highest honors). 1982: Admission to the national exam to the Ecole Polytechnique (section M’); rank: first. 1983: Licence `es Math´ematiques, mention TB (highest honors), Universit´eParis XI-Orsay, passed during the military service. 1985: Diplˆome d’ing´enieur de l’Ecole polytechnique; rank: first. 1985: Admission to the Corps National des Mines. Present grade: Ing´enieur G´en´eral, qua- tri`eme ´echelon. 1987: DEA (last diploma before PhD) in Solid state physics, director J. Friedel, Universit´e Paris XI-Orsay; mention TB (highest honors). 1988: Diplˆome d’ing´enieur du Corps National des Mines. 1989: PhD of the Universit´eParis VI-Jussieu, adviser: J.-B. Zuber (SPhT, Saclay); mention tr`es honorable (highest honors); subject: Conformally invariant two-dimensional field theories. 2004: Habilitation `adiriger des recherches (HDR), Universit´e Paris VII, sp´ecialit´eMath´ematiques. 3-Distinctions/Honors 1985: Prize L.E. Rivot of the French Acad´emie des Sciences. 1985: Laplace Medal of the French Acad´emie des Sciences. 1985: Prize H. Poincar´eof the Alumni Association of the Ecole Polytechnique. 2010: Invited talk at the International Congress of Mathematics, section Mathematical Physics (cancelled). 2012: Plenary address at the International Congress of Mathematical Physics. 2018: Invited speaker, International Congress of Mathematics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. -
Jane Nachtman Curriculum Vitae Education and Professional History
Jane Nachtman 106 Van Allen Hall University of Iowa Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa City, Iowa 52242 Phone: 319-335-1844 Email: [email protected] Curriculum Vitae Education and Professional History Education • Ph.D in Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Advisor: Sau Lan Wu p Dissertation: \Search for Charginos at s = 161 and 172 GeV with the ALEPH Detector" December, 1997 • M.S. in Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin May, 1993 • B.S. in Physics, University of Iowa May, 1991 Professional and Academic Positions • 2007- : Associate Professor, University of Iowa • 2006-2007: Scientist I (Wilson Fellow), Fermilab • 2002-2006: Associate Scientist (Wilson Fellow), Fermilab • 1997-2002: Post-Doctoral Researcher for Professor David Saltzberg, UCLA • 1993-1997: Research Assistant, University of Wisconsin • 1993: Teaching Assistant, University of Wisconsin • Summer, 1991 and 1992: Research Assistant, Brookhaven National Laboratory • 1988-1991: Undergraduate Research Assistant, University of Iowa Scholarship Publications • 415 publications in refereed journals as a member of CMS, CDF and ALEPH Collaborations Selected Publications • Publications for which I am one of the primary authors: { \Searches for Supersymmetry and other New Phenomena at the Highest Energies", to be pub- lished in Reviews of Modern Physics, in preparation. { \Latest Results from the Tevatron" proceedings of the International Conference on Particle Physics, Istanbul, October 2008, in preparation. p { \Search for Exotic States in Exclusive B+ ! J φK+ Decays in pp¯ Collisions at s = 1.96 TeV", to be submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett., in preparation. { \Collider Searches for Physics Beyond the Standard Model,"proceedings of the Physics in Col- lision 2007 conference, to be published in Acta Physica Polonica B .