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République Du Tchad

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République Du Tchad Enquête Nationale Post-récoltes sur la Sécurité Alimentaire des Ménages Ruraux du Tchad République du Tchad Février 2012 Données de novembre/décembre 2011 Enquête Nationale post-récoltes sur la Sécurité Alimentaire des ménages ruraux du Tchad Pour plus d’informations, contacter : Bureau de pays du PAM Tchad Unité VAM/M&E, Section Programme : [email protected] Anne-Claire Mouilliez, Bureau du PAM Tchad: [email protected] Wilfred Nkwambi, Bureau du PAM Tchad: [email protected] © Programme Alimentaire Mondial, Service de l’Analyse de la Sécurité Alimentaire (VAM), février 2012 Programme alimentaire mondial des Nations Unies (PAM) Siège social : Via C.G. Viola 68, Parco de Medici, 00148, Rome, Italie Toutes les informations sur le service de l’Analyse de la Sécurité Alimentaire (VAM) et les rapports en format électronique sur http://www.wfp.org/food-security ou [email protected] 2 Table des matières LISTE DES TABLEAUX ................................................................................................................................................ 6 LISTE DES FIGURES .................................................................................................................................................... 6 LISTE DES CARTES ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 LISTE DES ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................................... 7 ACRONYMES ................................................................................................................................................................. 8 RESUME EXECUTIF ................................................................................................................................................... 10 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 16 1.1. Contexte et justification ................................................................................................................................................ 16 1.2. Objectifs ........................................................................................................................................................................ 17 1.3. Méthodologie ................................................................................................................................................................ 17 1.3.1. Collecte des données ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 1.3.2. Echantillonnage ................................................................................................................................................................. 18 1.3.3. Limites de l’étude .............................................................................................................................................................. 18 2. CONTEXTE ENVIRONNEMENTAL ET SOCIO-ECONOMIQUE ................................................................ 20 2.1. Zones agro-écologiques ................................................................................................................................................. 20 2.1.1. Zone soudanienne ............................................................................................................................................................. 20 2.1.2. Zone sahélienne ................................................................................................................................................................ 20 2.1.3. Zone saharienne ................................................................................................................................................................ 21 2.1.4. Zone du Lac Tchad ............................................................................................................................................................. 21 2.2. Agriculture ..................................................................................................................................................................... 22 2.2.1. Aperçu général sur la campagne agricole 2011/2012 ....................................................................................................... 22 2.2.2. Pratique de l’agriculture par les ménages ........................................................................................................................ 23 2.2.3. Productions agricoles ........................................................................................................................................................ 23 2.2.4. Contraintes rencontrées par les agriculteurs .................................................................................................................... 24 2.3. Elevage .......................................................................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.1. Possession du bétail par les ménages ............................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.2. Utilisation du bétail comme moyen de subsistance ......................................................................................................... 26 2.3.3. Contraintes en matière d’élevage ..................................................................................................................................... 26 2.4. Profil démographique et conditions de vie des ménages ............................................................................................... 26 2.4.1. Structure démographique ................................................................................................................................................. 26 2.4.2. Sexe, âge et niveau d’instruction du chef de ménage ...................................................................................................... 27 2.4.3. Mouvements des populations .......................................................................................................................................... 27 2.4.4. Statut d’habitation ............................................................................................................................................................ 28 2.4.5. Alimentation en eau de boisson ....................................................................................................................................... 28 2.5. Zones de moyens d’existence ........................................................................................................................................ 28 2.5.1. Zone des cultures céréalières et maraichères de l’Est ...................................................................................................... 28 2.5.2. Zone des cultures de décrue et de la gomme arabique .................................................................................................... 29 2.5.3. Zone des cultures Pluviales céréalières du Sud-Centre .................................................................................................... 29 3 2.5.4. Zone de riziculture du Sud-Ouest ...................................................................................................................................... 29 2.5.5. Zone des cultures principales et de rente du Sud ............................................................................................................. 29 2.5.6. Zone d’agropastoralisme et pêche ................................................................................................................................... 29 2.5.7. Zone agropastorale du Centre .......................................................................................................................................... 30 2.5.8. Zone de transhumance ..................................................................................................................................................... 30 2.6. Sources de revenus des ménages ................................................................................................................................... 30 2.6.1. Principales sources de revenus ......................................................................................................................................... 30 2.6.2. Contraintes pour les sources de revenu ........................................................................................................................... 31 2.7. Equipement du ménage et indice de richesse ................................................................................................................ 31 2.8. Avoirs communautaires ................................................................................................................................................. 32 2.9. Dépenses et dettes ........................................................................................................................................................ 32 2.9.1. Dépenses ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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