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Space and Myth in Surakarta Kasunanan Palace, Indonesia
SPACE AND MYTH IN SURAKARTA KASUNANAN PALACE, INDONESIA A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF SPATIAL AND MYTHICAL QUALITIES OF THE PALACE AND HOW THEY RELATE TO THE POWER AND AUTHORITY OF THE K1NG/DOM By WAHYU DEWANTO (Architect) SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE & URBAN DESIGN UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA LAUNCESTON U-S-T-R-A-L—I-A NOVEMBER 1997 STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICITY OF MATERIAL This dissertation contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any institution and to the best of my knowledge and belief, the research contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text of the dissertation. ahyu Dewanto Launceston, 21 November 1997 STATEMENT OF AUTHORITY OF ACCESS TO LOAN AND COPYING The University of Tasmania and its approved officers and representatives are authorised to loan or make limited copies of this dissertation for general dispersal in the interests of academic research, subject to the Copyright act 1968. Signed Wahyu Dewanto Launceston, 21 November 1997 111 abstract Surakarta Kasunanan palace, in central Java, is an important part of the heritage of the Indonesian nation. It is regarded as a centre of Javanese culture. The architecture of the palace represents the complexity of Indonesian culture, where local tradition and external social, cultural and religious influences are manifested in the form and structure. Surakarta Kasunanan palace as a whole is considered a sacred place, gives a religious impression and reflects the characteristics of the kingdom. -
Documenting Endangered Literary Genres in Sasak, Eastern Indonesia
Documenting endangered literary genres in Sasak, eastern Indonesia Peter K. Austin Endangered Languages Academic Programme Department of Linguistics, SOAS ANDC, Australian National University [email protected] 2013-01-30 Draft paper prepared for Indonesian Linguistics Workshop, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, February 2013 – do not quote or cite without permission Abstract1 The island of Lombok, eastern Indonesia, is linguistically and culturally complex, with several languages being used there, including Sasak, Balinese, Kawi (a form of early modern Javanese) and Indonesian. Sasak shows wide geographical and social variation, with a system of speech levels, apparently borrowed from its western neighbours. The Sasaks also have a literary tradition of writing manuscripts on palm leaves (lòntar) in a manner similar to that of the Balinese (Rubinstein 2000, Creese 1999), and historically, the Javanese. Lombok today remains one of only a handful of places in Indonesia where reading lòntar (called in Sasak, pepaòsan) continues to be practised, however even there the number of people who are able to read and interpret the texts is rapidly diminishing. In this paper I outline the nature of the Sasak literary materials (see also Marrison 1999, 2000, Van der Meij 1996, 2002), how reading is taught, the nature of reading performances, and the role of this genre within contemporary Sasak culture. This work results from fieldwork undertaken in two locations on Lombok, and studies I have carried out with some of the few younger specialists who is able to perform lòntar reading. The paper concludes with discussion of some challenges for language documentation theory and practice (Himmelmann 2002, Woodbury 2011) that arise in the process of recording and analyzing 1 Research on Sasak has been supported at various times by the Australian Research Council, the School of Oriental and African Studies, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies and the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung. -
Nagarakretagama
THE "SAMAYA" OF BHARADAH AND KUTURAN* Soewito Santoso For those who have visited Bali, and for those who are conversant with the ancient history of Java, the names of Bharadah and Kuturan will not be unfamiliar. The former will simply remember how readily the Balinese refer to these figures. The latter, however, will recall the complex problems involved in interpreting the actions of these two men as recorded in the old literature of Java and Bali--the Nagarakre tagama , the Pararaton, the Calon-Arang, the Ramayana and so forth. Among these texts the Nagarakretagama is unique in that it is the only known manuscript dealing with the history of the kingdom of Maja- pahit (1292-1520) which was written when the kingdom was still at the height of its power.* 1 In their attempt to uncover the history of this once most powerful kingdom in Southeast Asia, scholars such as Brandes, Kern, Krom, Berg, Pigeaud and Poerbatjaraka have studied the Nagara kretagama carefully, but have inevitably come to conflicting conclu sions. The text has been published four times, most recently by Pigeaud, who supplied an extensive glossary and notes.2 But the last word has surely not yet been spoken. One of the central issues for these scholars has been the nature of the historical relations between Java and Bali. Since the reign of the eleventh century Javanese king, Erlanggya, Bali was off and on a dependency of Java. Berg, one of the most vigorous students of this relationship, has persistently expressed the view that the conquest of Bali by Majapahit during the reign of Hayam Wuruk was completely justi fied on the basis of an agreement {samaya) made earlier between Bhara dah and Kuturan at the time when Java was still ruled by Erlanggya. -
PACIFIC WORLD Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies
PACIFIC WORLD Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies Third Series Number 11 Fall 2009 Special Issue Celebrating the Sixtieth Anniversary of the Institute of Buddhist Studies 1949–2009 Pacific World is an annual journal in English devoted to the dissemination of his- torical, textual, critical, and interpretive articles on Buddhism generally and Shinshu Buddhism particularly to both academic and lay readerships. The journal is distributed free of charge. Articles for consideration by the Pacific World are welcomed and are to be submitted in English and addressed to the Editor, Pacific World, 2140 Durant Ave., Berkeley, CA 94704-1589, USA. Acknowledgment: This annual publication is made possible by the donation of BDK America of Berkeley, California. Guidelines for Authors: Manuscripts (approximately twenty standard pages) should be typed double-spaced with 1-inch margins. Notes are to be endnotes with full biblio- graphic information in the note first mentioning a work, i.e., no separate bibliography. See The Chicago Manual of Style (15th edition), University of Chicago Press, §16.3 ff. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of all quotations and for supplying complete references. Please e-mail electronic version in both formatted and plain text, if possible. Manuscripts should be submitted by February 1st. Foreign words should be underlined and marked with proper diacriticals, except for the following: bodhisattva, buddha/Buddha, karma, nirvana, samsara, sangha, yoga. Romanized Chinese follows Pinyin system (except in special cases); romanized Japanese, the modified Hepburn system. Japanese/Chinese names are given surname first, omit- ting honorifics. Ideographs preferably should be restricted to notes. Editorial Committee reserves the right to standardize use of or omit diacriticals. -
Śriwijaya: Myth Or Reality?
Master thesis archaeology, specialisation Asia, Leiden University Śriwijaya: Myth or Reality? Roy-William Bottenberg S0212652 Supervisors: Dr. H.I.R. Hinzler & Dr. I.R. Bausch Leiden, march 2010 Photograph on the front: source: beeldbank.wsd.leidenuniv.nl (OD-19509), location where the Karang Brahi inscription has been found. Author unknown. 2 Master thesis archaeology, specialisation Asia, Leiden University Śriwijaya: Myth or Reality? Roy-William Bottenberg S0212652 Supervisors: Dr. H.I.R. Hinzler & Dr. I.R. Bausch Leiden, februari 2010 3 Abstract: Śriwijaya was a kingdom on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia between 600 and 1400 A.D. It was discovered in 1918 in written records of Sumatran, Indian, Arabian and Chinese origin by Georges Coèdes. The records portrait Śriwijaya as a thalassocracy, a strong maritime empire that controlled the Straits of Malacca. In the last ten to twenty years, the image of Śriwijaya as a strong maritime thalassocracy, with a powerful navy, international trade and little contact with its hinterland as parameters, is falling apart. Archaeological excavations and surveys reveal no strong maritime empire, but polities or kingdoms, on Sumatra only and not polities across the Straits of Malacca. Almost all the archaeological data gathered in this thesis of the provinces of South-Sumatra and Jambi on Sumatra is placed in the context of the peer polity interaction theory and the mandala theory. A closer look at the archaeological data, together with the written records, to prove Śriwijaya did not last more than six centuries. It appears that the first polity of Śriwijaya was the polity at Palembang, South-Sumatra from roughly 650 to 1025 A.D, and the second polity of Śriwijaya was the polity at Jambi, Jambi from 1079 to 1400 A.D. -
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 134 2nd International Conference on Innovative Research Across Disciplines (ICIRAD 2017) Nawa Sanga Conspiracy: Secrets Behind Ancient Balinese Emblem of Unity An Ethnographic Study Ida Bagus Arya Lawa Manuaba Ida Ayu Made Istri Utami English Education Department English Education Department STKIP Suar Bangli Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Bangli, Indonesia Singaraja, Indonesia [email protected] [email protected] Abstract— The aims of the study were (1) to track the origin and its gaining majesty in Bali in almost the same era marked of Nawa Sanga symbolism in ancient Balinese society, (2) to a very essential question regarding its true indigenous origin. discover the history behind the usage of Nawa Sanga symbolism, Research on the origin of Dewata Nawa Sanga concept is and (3) to analyze the actual philosophy of Nawa Sanga another challenging field of study on Balinese culture. This symbolism to the ancient Balinese. The research design used was unique theological idea has emerged for at least five centuries descriptive-qualitative with ethnographic method which mainly in Bali only and still remains almost untouched by scientific involved the analysis of cultural aspects in ancient Balinese methods, though some Balinese modern scholars have religious texts and chronicles. Data range involved prominent Balinese ancient religious texts and babad (chronicle texts). Data managed to conduct studies on it. Starting its milestone from collecting techniques used were document analysis and this point, this research had three main goals. First, it aimed to observation. The result of the study showed that (1) the Nawa track the origin of Dewata Nawa Sanga concept in Bali from Sanga symbolism in ancient Balinese society came from the the literature basis. -
ECFG-Indonesia-2021R.Pdf
About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and Indonesian gain skills necessary for success. The guide consists of 2 parts: Part 1 “Culture General” introduces the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment – Southeast Asia in particular (Photo: USAF and Indonesia legal planners discuss urban search and rescue during exercise Gema Bhakti). Culture Guide Culture Part 2 “Culture Specific” describes the unique cultural features of Indonesian society. This section is designed to complement other pre-deployment training. It applies culture-general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location (Photo: US and Indonesian soldiers cook snake meat during the Jungle Survival class). For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact the AFCLC Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the expressed permission of AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources as indicated. GENERAL CULTURE CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. -
International Review of Humanities Studies E-ISSN: 2477-6866, P-ISSN: 2527-9416 Vol
International Review of Humanities Studies www.irhs.ui.ac.id, e-ISSN: 2477-6866, p-ISSN: 2527-9416 Vol. 5, No.1, January 2020, pp. 184-191 THE CONCEPT OF CAPITAL CITY IN KAKAWIN NAGARAKERTAGAMA: CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE TOWARDS THE INDONESIA CAPITAL CITY RELOCATION MASTER PLAN Muhammad Bilal Radhitya Prahasya, Muhammad Heno Wijayanto, Turita Indah Setyani Universitas Indonesia [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT Indonesian government has officially announced the long-term decision to relocate the capital city from Jakarta to East Kalimantan, specifically in the districts of Penajam Paser Utara and Kutai Kertanegara. The announcement invites scholars and experts to deliver their opinions and conduct studies using several perspectives: politics, government, social, economics, and culture. This article aims at observing the Indonesian government masterplan to relocate the capital city from cultural perspective, specifically Javanese, by revealing the characteristics and concepts of capital city depicted in an Old Javanese literary work, Kakawin Nagarakertagama by Mpu Prapanca. Qualitative content analysis is applied in this study to interpret the research data. Research results showed that Kakawin Nagarakertagama contains cultural concepts and traditional values suitable to the development of a new capital city: (1) capital city as the center of civilization, (2) spatial management, and (3) resource management. This article concludes that those concepts are relevant to support the development of a capital city as the center of human civilization and the reflection of a developed nation. KEYWORDS: capital city, country, government, Kakawin Nagarakertagama INTRODUCTION Indonesian government has enacted a masterplan for relocation of the country’s capital city from the Special Capital Region of Jakarta to East Kalimantan. -
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 542 Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Conference on Social Science and Humanities (ANCOSH 2020) The Power of the King of Java in the Indonesian Novel Gatot Sarmidi*, Suryantoro Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang Malang, Indonesia *[email protected], [email protected] Abstract—Indonesian literature reflects and represents the The subject of power is commonly discussed in critical power narrated by the figures of the kings of Java. The narrative discourse analysis, namely the discussion of power discourse. can be seen in the novels of Airlangga, Arok Dedes, and Minak In literature, there is a discourse on power in the discussion of Jinggo Sekar Kedaton. Research that uses socio-historical hegemony and the representation of power politics in literature. approach is analysed based on critical discourse analysis and As a discourse, a novel is a form of the author's way of interpreted using hermeneutics as a qualitative descriptive describing, saying and discussing the reality of life events in research method. The result of this study are in the form of human life that are represented imaginatively. descriptive and power conflicts of Javanese kings in the Airlangga, Arok Dedes, and Minak Jinggo Sekar Kedaton novels Novel as a discourse is a fixation and stabilization of from the ideological, sociological, and cultural aspects which reality, events or experiences into writing. As a discourse, presented critically according to their review. Ideologically, novels are structured, determined and controlled by a particular sociologically and culturally presented in the novel Airlangga, episteme or represented by appreciation, reflection, reminder, Arok Dedes, and Minak Jinggo Sekar Kedston are nostalgic thoughts, ideas and views of reality, events, life experiences representations of history and heroism, Javanese human history and even human life and life itself. -
Border and Mobility – Kerr Et Al
Urban Studies: Border and Mobility – Kerr et al. (Eds) © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-58034-3 Demystifying Nusantara Agung Bahroni Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia ABSTRACT: The territory of Indonesia is inseparable from the historical knowledge of a territorial concept of Nusantara. The concept of Nusantara itself refers to the territory in the reign of the Majapahit Kingdom. The myth saying that the territory of Nusantara is the territory of Indonesia in ancient times continues to grow. In this study, we aimed to reveal what is behind the myth of Nusantara. By utilising the mythology theory of Roland Barthes, this study focused on the following two aspects: (1) how the construction of the myth of Nusantara was formed and (2) the myth demystification and its meaning. This myth emerged in some Javanese manuscripts, particularly Pararaton and Negarakretagama. This myth con- tinued to spread until the period of the Indonesian National Revolution, which represented Nusantara as the historical background of Indonesia. The new meaning emerged from the term Nusantara as the territory of Indonesia to unify the Indonesian society with nationalist ideology. Keywords: Demystification, myth, Nusantara, territory of Indonesia 1 INTRODUCTION Indonesia is a country with an extensive history. Unfortunately, the Indonesian society often forgets some of its history. The extensive history of Indonesia spans from the pre-colonialisation era to the present times, and apparently has a significant impact on the lives of the Indo- nesian people. Nowadays, there is a heated battle over identity contestation in relation to history. The legitimacy of history ownership is an issue, which is politically contested today. -
ECFG-Indonesia- Mar-19.Pdf
About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and Indonesian gain skills necessary for success. The guide consists of 2 parts: Part 1 “Culture General” introduces the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment – Southeast Asia in particular (Photo: USAF and Indonesia legal planners discuss urban search and rescue during exercise Gema Bhakti). Culture Guide Part 2 “Culture Specific” describes the unique cultural features of Indonesian society. This section is designed to complement other pre-deployment training. It applies culture-general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location (Photo: US and Indonesian soldiers cook snake meat during the Jungle Survival class). For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact the AFCLC Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the expressed permission of AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources as indicated. GENERAL CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. A culture is the sum of all of the beliefs, values, behaviors, and symbols that have meaning for a society. -
Diskursus Wilwatikta Pada Kakawin Nagarakretagama Sebagai Khitah Nusantara
Seminar Nasional Seni dan Desain: —Reinvensi Budaya 9isual Nusantara“ Jurusan Seni Rupa dan Jurusan Desain Universitas Negeri Surabaya, 19 September 2019 Diskursus Wilwatikta pada Kakawin Nagarakretagama sebagai Khitah Nusantara Arina Monika Y. Universitas Negeri Surabaya [email protected] Abstrak Terjadi perubahan sosial dan budaya pada masyarakat Indonesia dari masa ke masa, mulai dari zaman kerajaan Majapahit hingga sekarang. Perubahan tersebut dapat berubah menjadi valensi positif atau sebaliknya, namun valensi positif yang pernah terjadi tidak seharusnya hilang dan ditinggalkan, mengingat tujuan bangsa adalah maju dan berkembang. Kemasyuran Kerajaan Majapahit pada masanya dalam segala aspek termasuk kebudayaan pernah dituliskan dalam suatu karya sastra bernama Kakawin Nagarakratagama yang ditulis oleh Mpu Prapanca pada tahun 1365M. dalam tulisan tersebut dapat ditelaah bagaimana kesejahteraan yang dirasakan rakyat pada masa itu merupakan cita-cita yang ingin digapai bangsa ini pada masa sekarang. Menggunakan konsep perbedaan diskursus yang dikembangkan oleh Michel Foucault untuk melihat sistem berpikir, ide-ide, pemikiran dan gambaran yang dapat menyebabkan munculnya konsep suatu kultur atau budaya dalam periode waktu yang berbeda. Dengan metode ini dapat diketahui penyebab perbedaan diskursus kebudayaan pada abad 14M dan masa sekarang. Kata kunci : Diskursus, Majapahit, Kakawin Nagarakatagama 1. Pendahuluan Kekhawatiran muncul akan lunturnya identitas Kemerdekaan Indonesia, seluruh masyarakat budaya bangsa. Menurut Djuli Djatiprambudi dan pemerintah mulai menata keadaan negara (2019: 291), —Dilihat perspektif perkembangan dalam segala bidang. Juga merumuskan seni rupa modern di Indonesia, sebenarnya tujuan dan cita-cita bangsa sebagaimana semangat pencarian jati diri atau identitas tertulis dalam Pembukaan Undang-Undang merupakan rentetan perdebatan besar, yang Dasar 1945 Alinea ke-4, juga landasan sudah lama dihembuskan melalui polemik Negara Indonesia yaitu Pancasila sila ke-3 kebudayaan pada 1930an“.