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MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA ÚSTAV BOTANIKY A ZOOLOGIE Bakalářská práce Brno 2016 Katarína Mlíchová MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA ÚSTAV BOTANIKY A ZOOLOGIE ______________________________________ Ekologie voskovek (r. Hygrocybe) a jejich diverzita v ČR Bakalářská práce Katarína Mlíchová Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Daniel Dvořák Brno 2016 Bibliografický záznam Autor: Katarína Mlíchová Přírodovědecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Ústav botaniky a zoologie Název práce: Ekologie voskovek (r. Hygrocybe) a jejich diverzita v ČR Studijní program: Ekologická a evoluční biologie Studijní obor: Ekologická a evoluční biologie Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Daniel Dvořák Akademický rok: 2015/2016 Počet stran: 66 Klíčová slova: Pastviny; seznam; hodnotící stupnice; indikátory Bibliografický záznam Autor: Katarína Mlíchová Prírodovedecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Ústav botaniky a zoologie Názov práce: Ekológia lúčnic (r. Hygrocybe) a ich diverzita v Českej republike Študijný program: Ekologická a evolučná biológia Študijný obor: Ekologická a evolučná biológia Vedúci práce: Mgr. Daniel Dvořák Akademický rok: 2015/2016 Počet strán: 66 Kľúčové slová: Pasienky; zoznam; hodnotiaca stupnica; indikátory Bibliographic Entry Author: Katarína Mlíchová Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Department of Botany and Zoology Title of Thesis: Ecology and diversity of the genus Hygrocybe in Czech Republic Degree Programme: Ecological and Evolutionary Biology Field of Study: Ecological and Evolutionary Biology Supervisor: Mgr. Daniel Dvořák Academic Year: 2015/2016 Number of Pages: 66 Keywords: Grasslands; checklist; evaluation scale; indicators Abstrakt V této bakalářské práci se věnuji houbám rodu Hygrocybe (voskovky). První část poskytuje pohled do obecné charakteristiky voskovek a jejich současného taxonomického postavení. Jsou v ní popsané i makroskopické a mikroskopické morfologické znaky. Též rozebírá problematiku jejich specifické ekologie, indikačních vlastností, ohrožení jejich biotopů a důležitost ochrany pro budoucí generace. Druhá část je zaměřená na výskyt voskovek v České republice a jejich historii v české literatuře. Poskytuje sumář druhů voskovek a jejich synonym, uvedených v literárních pramenech z českých lokalit, s krátkým popisem ekologie druhu a poznámkou k jeho ohrožení, v kterém celkový počet druhů nalezených v ČR dosáhl doposud čísla 47, z toho 30 je zahrnutých do Červeného seznamu hub (makromycetů) České republiky (HOLEC & BERAN 2006). V příloze popisuji vlastní terénní průzkum, podniknutý pro lepší obeznámení se s těmito pestrobarevnými houbami v přírodě a porovnání hodnocení významnosti lokalit uvedených ve vybrané literatuře s těmi mnou navštívenými. V tomto průzkumu se ukázali, kromě jiných, i dvě lokality s výjimečným významem, a to PP Kamenný vrch (Třebíč) – mezinárodní význam a PP Pahorek u Vržanova – národní až mezinárodní význam. Abstrakt V tejto bakalárskej práci sa venujem hubám rodu Hygrocybe (lúčnice). Prvá časť poskytuje pohľad do obecnej charakteristiky lúčnic a ich súčasného taxonomického postavenia. Sú v nej popísané i makroskopické a mikroskopické morfologické znaky. Tiež rozoberá problematiku ich špecifickej ekológie, indikačných vlastností, ohrozenia ich biotopov a dôležitosť ochrany pre budúce generácie. Druhá časť je zameraná na výskyt lúčnic v Českej republike a ich históriu v českej literatúre. Poskytuje sumár druhov lúčnic a ich synoným, uvedených v literárnych prameňoch z českých lokalít, s krátkym popisom ekológie druhu a poznámkou k jeho ohrozeniu, v ktorom celkový počet druhov nájdených v ČR dosiahol zatiaľ číslo 47, z toho 30 je zahrnutých do Červeného zoznamu húb (makromycét) Českej republiky (HOLEC & BERAN 2006). V prílohe popisujem vlastný terénny prieskum, podniknutý pre lepšie oboznámenie sa z týmito pestrofarebnými hubami v prírode a porovnanie hodnotenia významnosti lokalít uvedených vo vybranej literatúre s tými mnou navštívenými. V tomto prieskume sa ukázali, okrem iných, aj dve lokality s výnimočným významom, a to PP Kamenný vrch (Třebíč) – medzinárodný význam a PP Pahorek u Vržanova – národný až medzinárodný význam. Abstract This Bachelor thesis is aimed at mushroom genus Hygrocybe (waxcaps fungi). The first section provides insight into the general characteristics of waxcaps and their current taxonomic status. Thesis further describes the macroscopic and microscopic morphological features and also discusses issues of their specific ecology, indicating properties, threats to their habitats and the importance of protecting them for future generations. The second part focuses on the incidence waxcaps in the Czech Republic and their history in Czech literature and provides a summary of species Hygrocybe and their synonyms listed in literary sources from Czech sites with a brief description of the ecology of the species and notes on their conservation status, in which the total number of species found in the Czech Republic reached up to now number 47, of which 30 are included in the Red List of mushrooms (macromycetes) Czech Republic (HOLEC & ARIES 2006). The appendix provides an overview of my field work which was done in order to gain a better understanding of these colourful mushrooms in their natural habitats and compare evaluation of significance of sites listed in the selected literature with those I visited. This overview shows, among others, the two sites of outstanding importance, the PP Kamenný vrch (Třebíč) – international importance and PP Pahorek u Vržanova – national to international importance. Poďakovanie Na tomto mieste by som chcela poďakovať svojmu vedúcemu Mgr. Danielovi Dvořákovi za cenné rady a pripomienky pri písaní bakalárskej práce, odborné vedenie v teréne a pomoc s určovaním druhov ťažšie rozpoznateľných húb. Taktiež by som rada poďakovala Mgr. Petrovi Hroudovi, Ph.D. za sprístupnenie zbierky časopisov a užitočné tipy a Ing. Jiřímu Burelovi za ochotné sprevádzanie a poznámky k určovaniu na jemu známych, vytipovaných lokalitách. Na záver ďakujem za obrovskú podporu rodičom, bratovi a priateľovi. Prehlásenie Prehlasujem, že som svoju bakalársku prácu vypracovala samostatne s využitím informačných zdrojov, ktoré sú v práci citované. Brno, 1. januára 2016 ...................................... Katarína Mlíchová OBSAH 1. Úvod ........................................................................................................................... 22 2. Prehľad použitého značenia a výrazov ................................................................... 23 2.1. Skratky slov ....................................................................................................... 23 2.2. Skratky herbárov .............................................................................................. 23 3. Charakteristika r. Hygrocybe ................................................................................... 24 3.1. Taxonomické zaradenie .................................................................................... 24 3.2. Morfológia plodníc ............................................................................................ 25 3.2.1. Makroskopické znaky ............................................................................... 25 3.2.2. Mikroskopické znaky ................................................................................ 26 3.3. Ekológia .............................................................................................................. 28 3.4. Hodnotenie výskytu lúčnic a ich ochrana ....................................................... 30 3.4.1. Stupnice ..................................................................................................... 31 4. Diverzita druhov (checklist) rodu Hygrocybe v ČR ............................................... 33 4.1. História Hygrocybe v českej literatúre ............................................................ 35 4.2. Kategórie ohrozenia v Červenom zozname húb Českej republiky ............... 36 4.3. Zoznam druhov rodu Hygrocybe v ČR – checklist ......................................... 36 5. Záver .......................................................................................................................... 50 6. ZOZNAM POUŽITEJ LITERATÚRY .................................................................. 51 7. PRÍLOHA .................................................................................................................. 59 7.1. Vlastný terénny prieskum ................................................................................ 59 7.1.1. Metodika ................................................................................................... 59 7.1.2. Druhy nájdené na preskúmaných lokalitách ............................................. 60 7.1.3. Porovnanie vybraných lokalít ................................................................... 61 7.1.4. Výsledky ................................................................................................... 63 7.2. Fotografie vybraných druhov .......................................................................... 64 21 1. Úvod Lúčnice – Hygrocybe (Fr.) P. Kumm. je rod lupenitých pestrofarebných makroskopických húb (viditeľných voľným okom), patriacich do čeľade Hygrophoraceae (šťavnatkovité), obsahujúci druhy rôznych farieb, tvarov a veľkostí. Všetky majú však isté spoločné znaky. Ich plodnice sú charakteristické pomerne riedkymi, hrubými, voskovitými lupeňmi a nemajú velum (plachtičku). Vyskytujú sa hlavne na starých, hnojením a orbou nenarušovaných lúkach,
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  • Hygrocybe Splendidissima, Splendid Waxcap

    Hygrocybe Splendidissima, Splendid Waxcap

    The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2019: T147321990A147999041 Scope: Global Language: English Hygrocybe splendidissima, Splendid Waxcap Assessment by: Jordal, J. View on www.iucnredlist.org Citation: Jordal, J. 2019. Hygrocybe splendidissima. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T147321990A147999041. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019- 2.RLTS.T147321990A147999041.en Copyright: © 2019 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona State University; BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London. If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided. THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Fungi Basidiomycota Agaricomycetes Agaricales Hygrophoraceae Taxon Name: Hygrocybe splendidissima (P.D. Orton) M.M. Moser Synonym(s): • Hygrophorus splendidissimus P.D. Orton Common Name(s): • English: Splendid Waxcap Taxonomic Source(s): Index Fungorum Partnership.
  • Ingleborough NNR

    Ingleborough NNR

    Ingleborough NNR Waxcap Grassland Survey January 2018 Ref: NEFU2017-243 Author: A.McLay Checked: Dr A.Jukes Natural England Field Unit CONTENTS Background 3 Introduction 3 Survey methodology 4 Survey results 4 Site evaluation 15 Recommendations 21 References 22 Appendices - Appendix 1. Location of units 23 - Appendix 2. List of non-CHEGD spp. 25 - Appendix 3. Grid locations for species 26 Appendix 4. Additional photographs 27 2 Introduction The term “waxcap grassland” was coined relatively recently to describe semi-natural grassland habitats containing distinctive assemblages of fungi, including waxcaps. Waxcaps are a group of fungi characterised by having thick waxy brittle gills, often bright colours and a preference for growing in unfertilised pastures or lawns. A waxcap grassland also frequently contains representatives of several other key grassland fungi groups, of which the fairy clubs (Clavariaceae family), earthtongues (Geoglossaceae) and pinkgills belonging to the genus Entoloma are the most prominent. Collectively these groups are often referred to as the CHEGD fungi, an acronymn derived from their initials. Additional grassland fungi representatives from the genera Dermoloma, Porpoloma and Camarophyllopsis are also included as honorary CHEGD fungi. The common factor linking these fungi groups is their requirement for nutrient-poor soil types, i.e. agriculturally unimproved grasslands. Such grasslands have usually received little or no input from modern agricultural nitrogen-based fertilisers and frequently support a semi-natural sward with fine-leaved grass species such as Festuca ovina, Agrostis capillaris and Anthoxanthum odoratum. A well-developed moss layer is almost always present and usually contains the widespread grassland moss species Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus. Waxcap grasslands usually have a well-grazed sward that is maintained by regular livestock browsing or frequent mowing.
  • National Botanic Garden of Wales Ecology Report, 2016

    National Botanic Garden of Wales Ecology Report, 2016

    Regency Landscape Restoration Project ECOLOGICAL SURVEYS and ASSESSMENT VOLUME 1: REPORT Revision of 18th April 2016 Rob Colley Jacqueline Hartley Bruce Langridge Alan Orange Barry Stewart Kathleen Pryce Richard Pryce Pryce Consultant Ecologists Trevethin, School Road, Pwll, LLANELLI, Carmarthenshire, SA15 4AL, UK. Voicemail: 01554 775847 Mobile: 07900 241371 Email: [email protected] National Botanic Garden of Wales REVISION of 18th April 2016 Regency Landscape Restoration Project: Ecological Assessment REVISION RECORD DATE Phase 1 field survey completed 11/10/15 RDP Phase 1 TNs completed & checked 30/10/15 RDP First Working Draft issued to client 9/11/15 RDP Second Working Draft issued to client (interim bat section added) 19/11/15 RDP Third Working Draft issued to client (draft texts for dormouse, badger 19/1/16 RDP and updated bat sections added) Revised and augmented badger section added. 11/2/16 JLH & RDP Revised section only, issued to client. Fungi section added from Bruce Langridge 31/3/16 RDP Otter & bat updates added 11/4/16 RDP Bryophyte, winter birds & invertebrate updates added 15/4/16 RDP All figures finalized 15/4/16 SR Text of report proof read 16-17/4/16 KAP & RDP Add revised bird section & invertebrate appendices 17/4/16 RDP Final Report, appendices and figures issued to client 18/4/16 RDP ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Pryce Consultant Ecologists Trevethin, School Road, Pwll, Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, SA15 4AL. Voicemail: 01554 775847 Mobile: 07900 241371 Email: [email protected] PAGE 2 National Botanic Garden of Wales REVISION of 18th April 2016 Regency Landscape Restoration Project: Ecological Assessment SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ECOLOGICAL ISSUES 1.
  • (Hebden Bridge, West Yorkshire) Using Nextgen DNA Sequencing of Soil Samples

    (Hebden Bridge, West Yorkshire) Using Nextgen DNA Sequencing of Soil Samples

    Natural England Commissioned Report NECR258 An assessment of the fungal conservation value of Hardcastle Crags (Hebden Bridge, West Yorkshire) using NextGen DNA sequencing of soil samples First published February 2019 Month XXXX www.gov.uk/natural-england Foreword Natural England commission a range of reports from external contractors to provide evidence and advice to assist us in delivering our duties. The views in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of Natural England. Background DNA based applications have the potential to significantly change how we monitor and assess This report should be cited as: biodiversity. These techniques may provide cheaper alternatives to existing species GRIFFITHS, G.W., CAVALLI, O. & monitoring or an ability to detect species that we DETHERIDGE, A.P. 2019. An assessment of the cannot currently detect reliably. fungal conservation value of Hardcastle Crags (Hebden Bridge, West Yorkshire) using NextGen Natural England has been supporting the DNA sequencing of soil samples. Natural development of DNA techniques for a number of England Commissioned Reports, Number 258. years and has funded exploratory projects looking at different taxonomic groups in a range of different ecosystems and habitats. This report presents the results of a survey of fungi of conservation importance at Hardcastle . Crags, West Yorkshire, using DNA based methods. These results are compared to fruiting body surveys which had been carried out in the preceding two years. Natural England Project Manager – Andy Nisbet, Principal Adviser and Evidence Programme Manager, Natural England [email protected] Contractor – Gareth Griffith, Aberystwyth University [email protected] Keywords – DNA, eDNA, sequencing, metabarcoding, monitoring, fungi, waxcaps, grassland Further information This report can be downloaded from the Natural England Access to Evidence Catalogue: http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/ .