North Macedonia: 'New' Country Facing Old Problems
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Heraldry in the Republic of Macedonia (1991-2019)
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 1 September 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0027.v1 Article Heraldry in the Republic of Macedonia (1991-2019) Jovan Jonovski1, * 1 Macedonian Heraldic Society; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +38970252989 Abstract: Every country has some specific heraldry. In this paper, we will consider heraldry in the Republic of Macedonia, understood by the multitude of coats of arms, and armorial knowledge and art. The paper covers the period from independence until the name change (1991-2019). It co- vers the state coat of arms of the Republic of Macedonia especially the 2009 change. Special atten- tion is given to the development of the municipal heraldry, including the legal system covering the subject. Also personal heraldry developed in 21 century is considered. The paper covers the de- velopment of heraldry and the heraldic thought in the given period, including the role of the Macedonian Heraldic Society and its journal Macedonian Herald in development of theoretic and practical heraldry, as well as its Register of arms and the Macedonian Civic Heraldic System. Keywords: Heraldry in Macedonia; Macedonian civic heraldry; Republic of Macedonia. 1. Introduction The Republic of Macedonia became independent from the Socialist Federative Re- public of Yugoslavia with the Referendum of 8 September 1991. The Democratic Federal Macedonia was formed during the first session of the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the Na- tional Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM) on 2 August 1944 (it later became the People’s Republic of Macedonia, a federal unit of the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia). -
The Making of Yugoslavia's People's Republic of Macedonia 377 Ward the Central Committee of the Yugoslav Communist Party Hardened
THE MAKING OF YUGOSLAVIA’S PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Fifty years since the liberation of Macedonia, the perennial "Ma cedonian Question” appears to remain alive. While in Greece it has deF initely been settled, the establishment of a "Macedonian State” within the framework of the People’s Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has given a new form to the old controversy which has long divided the three Balkan States, particularly Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. The present study tries to recount the events which led to its founding, the purposes which prompted its establishment and the methods employed in bringing about the tasks for which it was conceived. The region of Southern Yugoslavia,' which extends south of a line traversed by the Shar Mountains and the hills just north of Skopje, has been known in the past under a variety of names, each one clearly denoting the owner and his policy concerning the region.3 The Turks considered it an integral part of their Ottoman Empire; the Serbs, who succeeded them, promptly incorporated it into their Kingdom of Serbs and Croats and viewed it as a purely Serbian land; the Bulgarians, who seized it during the Nazi occupation of the Balkans, grasped the long-sought opportunity to extend their administrative control and labeled it part of the Bulgarian Father- land. As of 1944, the region, which reverted to Yugoslavia, has been known as the People’s Republic of Macedonia, one of the six federative republics of communist Yugoslavia. The new name and administrative structure, exactly as the previous ones, was intended for the purpose of serving the aims of the new re gime. -
Nationalism As Ideology: a Reflection on the Group Remaking Tendencies in Macedonia
Nationalism as Ideology: A Reflection on the Group Remaking Tendencies in Macedonia Master Thesis for the award of the academic degree of Master of Arts (MA) at the Karl-Franzens-University of Graz submitted by: Branimir Staletovik at the Centre for Southeast European Studies Supervisor: Univ. Professor Florian Bieber Graz, 2015 Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................1 The Rise of Nationalism in Macedonia................................................................................1 Chapter I: Nationalism as Ideology .....................................................................................5 Antiquization and Skopje 2014 – a critical reflection on the existing approaches ..............5 From Identity to Ideology ....................................................................................................8 Beyond Identity..................................................................................................................10 Nationalism as Ideology ....................................................................................................13 Thesis Goals and Methods .................................................................................................16 Nationalism in Macedonia and the Post-Yugoslav States..................................................18 Chapter II: The evolvement of ancient narrative in Macedonia and ‘diaspora’...........24 A Historical Reflection on the -
Kazakhstan ©Who
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION in KAZAKHSTAN ©WHO Welcome from the Who we are Regional Director The World Health Organization (WHO) is the global authority on public health within the United Nations. Welcome to WHO. Health is our most Founded in 1948, we collaborate with the governments precious asset. WHO’s goal is to ensure of 194 Member States to ensure the highest attainable better health for everyone, everywhere. level of health for all. Currently, more than 7000 people We touch people’s lives – making sure work in 150 country offices, 6 regional offices and at the the air we breathe, and the food and headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The Organization’s water we consume is safe; ensuring work is guided by the principle that health is a human right, all have access to effective health and we seek to extend universal health coverage, protect systems; safeguarding the quality of people from health emergencies, and ensure that all medicines and vaccines; combatting people enjoy better health and well-being. diseases and protecting people from health threats. WHO works Kazakhstan is part of the WHO European Region, which with governments, organizations, comprises 53 countries: this Region covers a vast communities and individuals to promote geographical area reaching from the Atlantic to the Pacific health throughout our lives. We all oceans. WHO staff in the Region are public health, scientific benefit socially, economically and and technical experts, based in the Regional Office in environmentally from a world that Copenhagen, Denmark, in five technical centres and seeks health for all and nowhere is our in country offices in 30 Member States. -
Greek Tragedy Rules II
a GMT GAMEPLAYERS Series Game ? GREEK TRAGEDY ATATURK: The Greco-Turkish War, 1919-1922 UNARMED GOLIATH: The Italian Invasion of Greece, 1940-1941 Number of Players: Complexity: Moderate (4 out of 9) Learning Time: 30 minutes Playing Time: 3-8 hours Solitaire: High (7 of 9) a RICHARD H. BERG Game Design BNA Rules 1 ©Richard Berg, 1995 (1.0) INTRODUCTION A Greek Tragedy covers Greece’s two major wars after WWI: her attempt to seize the Ionian/western portion of Turkey, 1919-22 - the Ataturk game - and the woefully sorry invasion of Greece by Italy during WW II, Unarmed Goliath. In the Gameplayers series, the emphasis is on accessibility and playability, with as much historical flavor as we can muster. Given a choice between playability and historicity, we have tended to “err” on the side of the former. Each campaign has some of its own, specific rules; these are given in that campaign’s Scenario Book. Unless stated otherwise, the rules in this book apply top both campaigns. (2.0) COMPONENTS The game includes the following items: 2 22”x34” game maps ? sheet of combat counters (large) 1 sheet of informational markers (small) 1 Rules Book 2 Scenario Booklets 2 Charts & Tables Cards 1 ten-sided die (2.1) THE MAPS The gamemaps are overlayed with a grid of hexagons - hexes - which are used to regulate movement. The various types of terrain represented are discussed in the rules, below. The map of Greece is used for the Unarmed Goliath scenario; the map of Turkey for Ataturk. The two maps do link up; not that we provide any reason to do so. -
Sdgs and the UK Higher Education Sector
The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals and the UK Higher Education Sector An overview of the UK HE sector's contribution to the SDGs Acknowledgements This work was produced by Sonya Peres for EAUC-Scotland. This work has been made possible through funding and support from the University of Edinburgh and the University of Strathclyde Contents What is the Sustainable Development Solutions Network? 1 Purpose of the Report 1 What is the SDSN Guide? 1 The SDSN Guide and the UK 4 Learning and Teaching 5 Global Goals Teach In 5 Vertically Integrated Projects for Sustainable Development 5 (VIP4SD) at the University of Strathclyde Research 6 SDG Analysis: Bibliometrics of Relevance by Aurora Network 6 Institute for Sustainable Future at Keele University 7 Organisational Governance, Culture and Operations of 8 the University The University of Manchester: Sustainable Development Goals 8 Impacting the Global Goals by DEGREEs by the University of 9 Leicester External Leadership 10 On Target for 2030? - University of the West of Scotland and Oxfam 10 Bristol and the SDGs: A Voluntary Local Review of Progress 2019 11 Please note that resources and sources are embedded in this document- simply hover your mouse pointer over a blue word. What is the Sustainable Development Solutions Network? The U N S u s t a i n a b l e D e v e l o p m e n t S o l u t i o n s N e t w o r k produces and promotes practical guidance on and solutions to sustainable development, including realising t h e S u s t a in a b l e D e v e l o p m e n t G o a l s (SDGs). -
Bulgaria 2000
Welcome to Bulgaria 2000 ISTANBUL, Turkey May, 1999 By Whitney Mason With his stylishly coifed hair and well-cut clothes, Giorgi Kuzmov, known as "George" to his many foreign friends, might not look like someone interested in international affairs. My old friend Frederic, working at the French Embassy in Sofia as the attachd audiovisuel, had introduced me to George because, as one of Bulgaria's top TV executives, he knew a lot of Bulgarians who spoke English and most of them happened to be beautiful young women. But one of the joys of the Balkans, for a reporter, is that here politics is not a subject of interest only to specialists but a universally fascinating aspect of the drama of everyday life. And so it was perfectly natural that night, as Giorgi and I drove through Sofia's pot-holed streets in his Dodge Voyager van, that he brought up the sub- ject of Kosovo, where NATO would begin air strikes a few weeks later. Wasn't it hypocritical of the U.S. to moralize about Kosovo, Giorgi asked rhetorically, while never raising any opposition to Turkey's oppression of the Kurds? Since then, I have heard that question repeated many times; I have never had a re- sponse to offer. A cool acid jazz tune by US3 was playing loudly when we walked into E1 Cabana. Giorgi introduced me to three beautiful friends and ordered gin and tonics all around before segueing seamlessly back to Kosovo. "What would Americans say if blacks in New Orleans (where he'd just spent ten days) de- clared that they wanted independence?" Giorgi asked. -
Amendment to Registration Statement
Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 08/14/2020 3:22:34 PM OMB No. 1124-0003; Expires July 31, 2023 U.S. Department of Justice Amendment to Registration Statement Washington, dc 20530 Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended INSTRUCTIONS. File this amendment form for any changes to a registration. Compliance is accomplished by filing an electronic amendment to registration statement and uploading any supporting documents at https://www.fara.gov. Privacy Act Statement. The filing of this document is required for the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, 22 U.S.C. § 611 et seq., for the purposes of registration under the Act and public disclosure. Provision of the information requested is mandatory, and failure to provide the information is subject to the penalty and enforcement provisions established in Section 8 of the Act. Every registration statement, short form registration statement, supplemental statement, exhibit, amendment, copy of informational materials or other document or information filed with the Attorney General under this Act is a public record open to public examination, inspection and copying during the posted business hours of the FARA Unit in Washington, DC. Statements are also available online at the FARA Unit’s webpage: https://www.fara.gov. One copy of eveiy such document, other than informational materials, is automatically provided to the Secretary of State pursuant to Section 6(b) of the Act, and copies of any and all documents are routinely made available to other agencies, departments and Congress pursuant to Section 6(c) of the Act. The Attorney General also transmits a semi-annual report to Congress on the administration of the Act which lists the names of all agents registered under the Act and the foreign principals they represent. -
The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800S-1900S
The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800s-1900s February 2003 Katrin Bozeva-Abazi Department of History McGill University, Montreal A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 Contents 1. Abstract/Resume 3 2. Note on Transliteration and Spelling of Names 6 3. Acknowledgments 7 4. Introduction 8 How "popular" nationalism was created 5. Chapter One 33 Peasants and intellectuals, 1830-1914 6. Chapter Two 78 The invention of the modern Balkan state: Serbia and Bulgaria, 1830-1914 7. Chapter Three 126 The Church and national indoctrination 8. Chapter Four 171 The national army 8. Chapter Five 219 Education and national indoctrination 9. Conclusions 264 10. Bibliography 273 Abstract The nation-state is now the dominant form of sovereign statehood, however, a century and a half ago the political map of Europe comprised only a handful of sovereign states, very few of them nations in the modern sense. Balkan historiography often tends to minimize the complexity of nation-building, either by referring to the national community as to a monolithic and homogenous unit, or simply by neglecting different social groups whose consciousness varied depending on region, gender and generation. Further, Bulgarian and Serbian historiography pay far more attention to the problem of "how" and "why" certain events have happened than to the emergence of national consciousness of the Balkan peoples as a complex and durable process of mental evolution. This dissertation on the concept of nationality in which most Bulgarians and Serbs were educated and socialized examines how the modern idea of nationhood was disseminated among the ordinary people and it presents the complicated process of national indoctrination carried out by various state institutions. -
Prehistory - Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean Culture
Prehistory - Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean culture By Antonije Shkokljev Slave Nikolovski – Katin Translated from Macedonian to English and edited By Risto Stefov Prehistory - Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean culture Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2013 by Antonije Shkokljev, Slave Nikolovski – Katin & Risto Stefov e-book edition 2 Index Index........................................................................................................3 COMMON HISTORY AND FUTURE ..................................................5 I - GEOGRAPHICAL CONFIGURATION OF THE BALKANS.........8 II - ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES .........................................10 III - EPISTEMOLOGY OF THE PANNONIAN ONOMASTICS.......11 IV - DEVELOPMENT OF PALEOGRAPHY IN THE BALKANS....33 V – THRACE ........................................................................................37 VI – PREHISTORIC MACEDONIA....................................................41 VII - THESSALY - PREHISTORIC AEOLIA.....................................62 VIII – EPIRUS – PELASGIAN TESPROTIA......................................69 IX – BOEOTIA – A COLONY OF THE MINI AND THE FLEGI .....71 X – COLONIZATION -
Blood Ties: Religion, Violence, and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878
BLOOD TIES BLOOD TIES Religion, Violence, and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878–1908 I˙pek Yosmaog˘lu Cornell University Press Ithaca & London Copyright © 2014 by Cornell University All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 2014 by Cornell University Press First printing, Cornell Paperbacks, 2014 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Yosmaog˘lu, I˙pek, author. Blood ties : religion, violence,. and the politics of nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878–1908 / Ipek K. Yosmaog˘lu. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8014-5226-0 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-8014-7924-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Macedonia—History—1878–1912. 2. Nationalism—Macedonia—History. 3. Macedonian question. 4. Macedonia—Ethnic relations. 5. Ethnic conflict— Macedonia—History. 6. Political violence—Macedonia—History. I. Title. DR2215.Y67 2013 949.76′01—dc23 2013021661 Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu. Cloth printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Paperback printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Josh Contents Acknowledgments ix Note on Transliteration xiii Introduction 1 1. -
The Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization and the Idea for Autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace
The Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization and the Idea for Autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace, 1893-1912 By Martin Valkov Submitted to Central European University Department of History In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Prof. Tolga Esmer Second Reader: Prof. Roumen Daskalov CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2010 “Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author.” CEU eTD Collection ii Abstract The current thesis narrates an important episode of the history of South Eastern Europe, namely the history of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization and its demand for political autonomy within the Ottoman Empire. Far from being “ancient hatreds” the communal conflicts that emerged in Macedonia in this period were a result of the ongoing processes of nationalization among the different communities and the competing visions of their national projects. These conflicts were greatly influenced by inter-imperial rivalries on the Balkans and the combination of increasing interference of the Great European Powers and small Balkan states of the Ottoman domestic affairs. I argue that autonomy was a multidimensional concept covering various meanings white-washed later on into the clean narratives of nationalism and rebirth.