ssahirnsgch03oc06na.fm Page 30 Thursday, December 15, 2005 4:29 PM
Chapter 3
Colonies Take Root (1587–1752)
What You Will Learn
In the 1600s, England started colonies in North America that were influenced by religious beliefs. The Middle Colonies were known for religious tolerance. The Southern Colonies used slave labor. Chapter 3 Focus Question Key Events As you read this chapter, keep this question in mind: How did the English start colonies with distinct qualities in North America? 1565 Spain builds the first permanent European Section 1 settlement in The First English Settlements North America. Section 1 Focus Question 1607 English start How did the English set up their first colonies? To begin answering colony at this question, Jamestown, • Read why the English sought colonies in the Americas. Virginia. • Find out why Jamestown barely survived its first year. • Discover how Jamestown prospered. 1682 William Penn • Understand how the Pilgrims set out to govern themselves. founds the colony of Pennsylvania. Section 1 Summary
1732 Georgia is In the age of exploration, England sought colonies in the Americas. © © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All Rights Reserved. founded by Its first permanent colony struggled for years. To practice their James religion freely, Pilgrims left England and founded Plymouth. Oglethorpe. Representative government emerged, as did slavery. England Seeks Colonies Checkpoint In the 1500s, England began establishing colonies to provide new markets for its products and to obtain raw materials for its industries. Explain why England established In the 1580s, two colonies on Roanoke Island, off North Carolina, colonies. failed. The first, set up in 1585, was soon abandoned. The second, set up in 1587, was cut off from English ships during war with Spain ______until 1590, by which time the colony had vanished without a ______trace. Founding Jamestown In 1607, a wealthy group formed the Virginia Company of London, hoping their American colony would yield valuable resources. King James I gave the company a charter, or document that grants rights, to settle much of the Atlantic coast. In 1607, colonists sailed into Chesapeake Bay and built Jamestown, England’s first permanent settlement in North America. The swamps spread malaria, a disease that killed many colonists. 30 Unit 1 Chapter 3 Section 1 ssahirnsgch03oc06na.fm Page 31 Thursday, December 15, 2005 4:29 PM
Colonists seeking gold did little work to grow crops. Chief Powhatan and his people supplied some food, but by 1608, only 38 of the 100 colonists survived. That year, new leader John Smith made tougher rules, including Checkpoint “He who works not, eats not.” The colonists cut timber, put up buildings, and planted crops. In 1609, when Smith was injured Name the first permanent English and sent to England, conditions worsened. Powhatan tried to colony in North America. drive the colonists away by refusing to give them food. Only 60 colonists lived through the winter of 1609–1610, known as ______the “starving time.” ______Jamestown Prospers Despite hardship, the Virginia Company kept sending new colonists Vocabulary Builder and leaders, and giving free land to the old colonists as an An incentive is “something that incentive to stay. The colonists prospered by growing tobacco, motivates people to act.” What which was popular in Europe. Farmers began planting tobacco in incentive was given to old colonists 1612 and were selling all they could grow by the 1620s. to stay in Virginia? In 1619, colonists were elected to and met in Virginia’s legislature—the House of Burgesses. Burgesses could pass laws ______and set taxes, but they shared power with Virginia’s governor. ______This marked the start of representative government in North America, or government in which voters elect people to make Checkpoint laws for them. Also in 1619, a Dutch ship carried captive Africans to Virginia. Some slaves earned their freedom. Permanent slavery Name the crop that brought did not begin in Virginia until the late 1600s. prosperity to Virginia colonists.
The Plymouth Colony ______In the 1500s, people wishing to separate from the Church of England were persecuted. Some Separatists settled in Holland to practice Christianity in their own way. Still unhappy, one group left for Virginia in 1620. Today we call these people the Pilgrims. A pilgrim is a person who takes a religious journey. In September 1620, they sailed for Virginia on the Mayflower, but storms along the way drove them north to Plymouth, Massachusetts. Before going ashore, 41 men signed the Mayflower Compact, the first document in which colonists claimed self-government. Half the Checkpoint colonists died that winter from hunger or disease. A Native Name the English Separatists who American, Squanto, showed them how to plant corn, beans, and signed the Mayflower Compact. pumpkins. In 1621 the Pilgrims gave thanks, which is celebrated today as Thanksgiving. ______Check Your Progress 1. What happened to the English colony set up in 1587? ______2. What was the name of Virginia’s representative body? ______© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All Rights Reserved. Rights All Hall. Prentice Pearson as publishing Inc., Education, © Pearson ______
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