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An Exploration of Greenland's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

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An Exploration of Greenland's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic 0 2020 An Exploration of Greenland’s response to the COVID-19 Pandemic COVID-19 IN GREENLAND MARIA SKJÆRBÆK KRISTENSEN & RIKKE NATHANSEN AALBORG UNIVERSITET | Lill Rastad Bjørst Table of Contents 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Problem Formulation: ................................................................................................................ 4 2. Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Research Design ......................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Netnography ............................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Thematic Analysis...................................................................................................................... 6 2.4 Paradigm, Ontological and Epistemological considerations ...................................................... 8 3. Literature Review & Theory ............................................................................................................ 9 3.1 World-wide infections................................................................................................................ 9 3.2 Pandemic, Epidemic and Outbreak .......................................................................................... 10 3.3 Crisis Communication.............................................................................................................. 11 3.4 Pre-crisis................................................................................................................................... 12 3.5 Crisis Response ........................................................................................................................ 13 3.5 Image Repair Theory and Reputation ...................................................................................... 14 3.6 Post-crisis ................................................................................................................................. 16 3.7 Situational Crisis Communication Theory and Reputation ..................................................... 16 3.8 Application ............................................................................................................................... 20 3.9 Limitations ............................................................................................................................... 21 4. Background .................................................................................................................................... 23 5. Analysis .......................................................................................................................................... 26 5.1 Findings – Press Conferences .................................................................................................. 26 5.1.1 The advantage and disadvantage of Greenland ................................................................. 27 5.1.2 Government management ................................................................................................. 28 5.1.3 Citizen involvement .......................................................................................................... 34 5.1.4 Global impact .................................................................................................................... 36 5.1.5 Domestic and foreign travel .............................................................................................. 37 5.2 Findings - Articles .................................................................................................................... 41 5.2.1 Travelling .......................................................................................................................... 41 5.2.2 Rules and plans ................................................................................................................. 43 5.2.3 Dependency ....................................................................................................................... 45 5.2.4 Businesses ......................................................................................................................... 46 5.3 Findings – Comments .............................................................................................................. 53 5.3.1 Travelling .......................................................................................................................... 53 5.3.2 Economy ........................................................................................................................... 55 5.3.3 Greenland and Denmark ................................................................................................... 56 5.3.4 Government ....................................................................................................................... 57 6. Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 61 6.1 Businesses and Economy ......................................................................................................... 63 6.2 Dependency .............................................................................................................................. 66 6.3 Rules and Plans ........................................................................................................................ 68 6.4 Travelling ................................................................................................................................. 71 7. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 72 Work Cited ......................................................................................................................................... 75 Kristensen & Nathansen 1 1. Introduction Covid-19. It is safe to presume that only one year ago, the majority of the world’s population would be confused by its meaning; Who could have predicted that that word would be uttered daily by both children and adults, scholars, and world leaders, and by people on the opposite side of the world from each other, only a couple of months later? However, when looking at the word today, it’s meaning seems obvious. Covid-19 is the official name that the World Health Organization gave for the disease, which is causing the worldwide coronavirus outbreak. It is simply an abbreviation of the disease itself, Corona Virus Disease. Before getting an official name, the disease was formerly referred to as either “2019-nCoV” or “2019 novel coronavirus” (CDC). This paper will look into the impact that the Covid-19 pandemic has had on the country of Greenland. But before we delve into that, we first have to understand the disease itself. On December 31 2019, the World Health Organization, WHO, first heard of several cases involving what was referred to as “viral pneumonia” through a media statement posted on Wuhan Municipal Health Commission’s website (WHO). Five days later, on the fifth of January, WHO issued the first public Disease Outbreak News report, directed towards the scientific and public health communities. The report stated the current state in Wuhan, including the clinical status, number of cases and the current response measures; At this point, none of the 59 known cases had been fatal (Chapin). Four days later, the Chinese authorities reported that the outbreak was caused by a novel coronavirus (WHO). Phylogenetic analysis of Covid-19 shows that it originated in animals, before crossing into humans by, presumably, bats. Prior to Covid-19, six other outbreaks of respiratory infections due to coronavirus has been identified and linked to an origin in animals. However, four of them have become endemic in humans, while the remaining two have caused serious disease. The endemic coronaviruses consist of NL63 and 229E, with a probable origin of bats, and OC43 and HKU1, whose origin is presumed to be from rodents. While OC43 is linked to the bovine coronavirus, which caused a pandemic during the end of the 19th century, they are now known for only producing mild symptoms, such as their 10-15% cause of the common colds (Chaplin). The non-endemic coronaviruses are SARS and MERS. SARS-CoV, unknowingly, originated in China, November 2002. It was first discovered by WHO a couple of months later, in Vietnam. It is believed to have originated from bats, and then crossing to humans through palm civet cats, which were traded for their meat in China. The reported numbers for SARS-CoV are 8098 reported cases and 774 deaths. MERS-CoV, also known as Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome, occurred ten years after SARS. In 2012, it was discovered in Saudi Arabia, and was Kristensen & Nathansen 2 linked to be the cause of a fatal infection. MERS-CoV is believed to have been transmitted to humans through dromedary camels, while the origin is presumed to be from bats. Differing from SARS-CoV, MERS is currently still prevalent and has spread to 27 countries, so far. The reported numbers for MERS in November 2019 were 2494 infections and 858 deaths. Just like SARS-CoV, the virus in Covid-19
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