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Vegetable biosecurity & quarantine gap analysis Prue McMichael Scholefield Robinson Horticultural Services Pty Ltd Project Number: VG07087 VG07087 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the vegetable industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of the vegetable industry. All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 1849 X Published and distributed by: Horticulture Australia Ltd Level 7 179 Elizabeth Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 E-Mail: [email protected] © Copyright 2008 FINAL REPORT Vegetable Biosecurity and Quarantine Gap Analysis VG07087 Prepared for : Horticulture Australia Ltd HAL Project No. VG07087 Prepared by : Prue McMichael Completion Date : September 2008 SCHOLEFIELD ROBINSON HORTICULTURAL SERVICES PTY LTD 118A Glen Osmond Road, Parkside SA 5063 Australia ACN 008 199 737 PO Box 650, Fullarton SA 5063 Ph: (08) 8373 2488 ABN 63 008 199 737 Fax: (08) 8373 2442 Email: [email protected] Web Site: www.srhs.com.au Offices in Adelaide and Mildura Scholefield Robinson Horticultural Services Pty Ltd HAL Project No. VG 07087 PROJECT LEADER Dr Prue McMichael Senior Consultant/Plant Pathologist Scholefield Robinson Horticultural Services Pty Ltd PO Box 650 Fullarton SA 5063 PURPOSE OF REPORT This Final Report has been prepared to document information acquired, analysed and considered during the review undertaken for HAL, into all aspects of the biosecurity of Australia’s vegetable industries that are members of AUSVEG. -
A Cross Cultural Comparison of Common Themes and Derived Functions of Insects Exploited for Entomophagy
A Cross Cultural Comparison of Common Themes and Derived Functions of Insects Exploited for Entomophagy Dustin Reuther Redacted Dustin Reuther Entomophagy Abstract Insects represent a vast resource for human beings around the world. Comparative to their use, little research has been done on the subject. This article looked to determine comparative functions of insects in human societies based upon their physiological and behavioral characteristics. Using primarily secondary sources and to a smaller extent personal experience and interviews the researcher develops common principles that relate universally to the practice of entomophagy. Then the research lists major insects orders used for exploitation and develops common features and key differences found in entomophagous practices of each order. 2 Dustin Reuther Entomophagy Table of Contents Introduction 4 Principles 5 Data and Analysis 11 Coleoptera 12 Hymenoptera 17 Isoptera 30 Lepidoptera 35 Orthoptera 41 Others 45 Conclusion 49 Notes 50 Acknowledged 51 Works Cited 52 Appendix 57 3 Dustin Reuther Entomophagy Introduction Insecta is the most populous animal class on Earth with estimates of over 90% of life on Earth falling under it. Though in the Western world we ignore or actively annihilate this class of animals, in many other parts of the world they hold vast importance as primary food sources, snacks and medicine. The ways in which people around the world interact with and acquire these insects gives us an extensive look at indigenous knowledge pathways. To successfully harvest insects one must be extremely familiar with their surrounding environment and the life cycle of the insects. For example, if one is unprepared for a particular swarming season then a bounty of food may be lost for that year. -
Interaction of Cultural, Biological, and Varietal Controls for Management of Stalk Borers in Louisiana Sugarcane
insects Review Interaction of Cultural, Biological, and Varietal Controls for Management of Stalk Borers in Louisiana Sugarcane Thomas E. Reagan * and Megan M. Mulcahy * Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (T.E.R.); [email protected] (M.M.M.) Received: 31 July 2019; Accepted: 11 September 2019; Published: 19 September 2019 Abstract: Diatraea saccharalis F is considered the most important pest of sugarcane in the United States. This article focuses on the history of pest management as it relates to the control of this stem borer in Louisiana sugarcane, and how control practices have become more in tune with integrated pest management paradigms. Various pest management strategies are employed against D. saccharalis and the interactions between each of these provide farmers with the tools needed to curb damaging infestations. However, the invasion of the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), and other confounding environmental factors have presented farmers, consultants, and researchers with new pest management challenges. We address these challenges and provide an overview of ongoing developments, particularly in the Louisiana sugarcane pest management program. Keywords: sugarcane; Diatraea saccharalis; integrated pest management; Eoreuma loftini; Louisiana; stalk borer 1. Introduction The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis F (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is native to the West Indies, as well as Central and South America. It was introduced into Louisiana in the 1850s due to the continued importation of sugarcane for production in the state [1]. Since its introduction, D. saccharalis has long been regarded as the most damaging insect pest on the crop. -
Downloaded from BOLD Or Requested from Other Authors
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Towards a global DNA barcode reference library for quarantine identifcations of lepidopteran Received: 28 November 2018 Accepted: 5 April 2019 stemborers, with an emphasis on Published: xx xx xxxx sugarcane pests Timothy R. C. Lee 1, Stacey J. Anderson2, Lucy T. T. Tran-Nguyen3, Nader Sallam4, Bruno P. Le Ru5,6, Desmond Conlong7,8, Kevin Powell 9, Andrew Ward10 & Andrew Mitchell1 Lepidopteran stemborers are among the most damaging agricultural pests worldwide, able to reduce crop yields by up to 40%. Sugarcane is the world’s most prolifc crop, and several stemborer species from the families Noctuidae, Tortricidae, Crambidae and Pyralidae attack sugarcane. Australia is currently free of the most damaging stemborers, but biosecurity eforts are hampered by the difculty in morphologically distinguishing stemborer species. Here we assess the utility of DNA barcoding in identifying stemborer pest species. We review the current state of the COI barcode sequence library for sugarcane stemborers, assembling a dataset of 1297 sequences from 64 species. Sequences were from specimens collected and identifed in this study, downloaded from BOLD or requested from other authors. We performed species delimitation analyses to assess species diversity and the efectiveness of barcoding in this group. Seven species exhibited <0.03 K2P interspecifc diversity, indicating that diagnostic barcoding will work well in most of the studied taxa. We identifed 24 instances of identifcation errors in the online database, which has hampered unambiguous stemborer identifcation using barcodes. Instances of very high within-species diversity indicate that nuclear markers (e.g. 18S, 28S) and additional morphological data (genitalia dissection of all lineages) are needed to confrm species boundaries. -
Evaluation of Some Promising Sugarcane Varieties for Infestation with Two Sugarcane Borers, Yield and Quality Under Different Row Spacing in Luxor Governorate, Egypt
International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology Volume 5, Issue 3, 2019, PP 11-21 ISSN No. 2454-941X DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-941X.0503002 www.arcjournals.org Evaluation of Some Promising Sugarcane Varieties for Infestation with Two Sugarcane Borers, Yield and Quality under Different Row Spacing in Luxor Governorate, Egypt Fahmy, A.M. 1*, A.S.S. Desoky2, M.O.A. Galal3 1 Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agri. and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Egypt 2 Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agri., Sohag University, Egypt. 3Agron. Dept. Sugar Crop Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Giza, Egypt. *Corresponding Author: Fahmy, A.M., Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agri. and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Egypt Abstract: The experiment was conducted at El-Mattana Research Station (latitude of 25.25° N and longitude of 32.31° E), Agricultural Research Center, Luxor Governorate, Egypt on a plant cane in 2017/18 and its 1st ratoon in 2018/19 to evaluate the susceptibility of five promising sugarcane varieties viz. G.2004-27, G.84-47, G.2003-47, G.99-103 and C.57-14 compared to the commercial G.T.54-9 variety for infestation with two sugarcane borers (Sesamia cretica and Chilo agamemnon), yield and quality under three inter-row spacing (80, 100 and 120 cm).The studied combinations were randomly distributed in a randomized complete block design in a split-plot distribution, with three replications, where, inter-row spacing were allocated in the main plots, while sugarcane varieties were randomly distributed in the sub-plots. The results indicated that increasing inter-row spacing from 80 to 120 cm led to a significant reduction in dead hearts%, bored stalks%, bored joints, girdled stalks%, mean no. -
ENV /JM /M on O(2016)27 Unclassified
Unclassified ENV/JM/MONO(2016)27 Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 29-Jun-2016 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ English - Or. English ENVIRONMENT DIRECTORATE JOINT MEETING OF THE CHEMICALS COMMITTEE AND Unclassified ENV/JM/MONO(2016)27 THE WORKING PARTY ON CHEMICALS, PESTICIDES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY Cancels & replaces the same document of 29 June 2016 CONSENSUS DOCUMENT ON THE BIOLOGY OF SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Series on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology No. 62 English JT03398806 Complete document available on OLIS in its original format - This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of Or. English international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. ENV/JM/MONO(2016)27 2 ENV/JM/MONO(2016)27 OECD Environment, Health and Safety Publications Series on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology No. 62 Consensus Document on the Biology of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Environment Directorate Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Paris 2016 3 ENV/JM/MONO(2016)27 Also published in the Series on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology: No. 1, Commercialisation of Agricultural Products Derived through Modern Biotechnology: Survey Results (1995) No. 2, Analysis of Information Elements Used in the Assessment of Certain Products of Modern Biotechnology (1995) No. 3, Report of the OECD Workshop on the Commercialisation of Agricultural Products Derived through Modern Biotechnology (1995) No. 4, Industrial Products of Modern Biotechnology Intended for Release to the Environment: The Proceedings of the Fribourg Workshop (1996) No. -
Biosecurity Risk Assessment
An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries RIRDC Publication No. 11/141 RIRDCInnovation for rural Australia An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries by Dr Robert C Keogh February 2012 RIRDC Publication No. 11/141 RIRDC Project No. PRJ-007347 © 2012 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-320-8 ISSN 1440-6845 An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries Publication No. 11/141 Project No. PRJ-007347 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. -
In Diatraea Saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Pupae at Differe
Reproduction of Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Pupae at Different Temperatures Author(s): Kellen Favero, Fabricio Fagundes Pereira, Jorge Braz Torres, Harley Nonato De Oliveira, Samir Oliveira Kassab and José Cola Zanuncio Source: Florida Entomologist, 98(3):865-869. Published By: Florida Entomological Society https://doi.org/10.1653/024.098.0308 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1653/024.098.0308 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Reproduction of Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae at different temperatures Kellen Favero1, Fabricio Fagundes Pereira1, Jorge Braz Torres2, Harley Nonato De Oliveira3, Samir Oliveira Kassab1*, and José Cola Zanuncio4 Abstract Temperature is a major abiotic factor affecting insects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development Tetrastichusof howardi (Olliff) (Hyme- noptera: Eulophidae) on Diatraea saccharalis F., sensu Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae at 6 constant temperatures (16, 19, 22, 25, 28, and 31 °C). -
A Small Rna Virus Isolated from the Maize Stem Borer Sesamia Cretica Led
i Egypt. J. Biol. P, Cont. 1(2),1991,115 - 119 t ! A SMALL RNA VIRUS ISOLATED FROM THE MAIZE STEM BORER SESAMIA CRETICA LED. (LEPIDOPTERA : NOCTUIDAE) IN EGYPT, G.FEDERE, A.A. TAHA, X,LERY,J. GIANNOTTI,J,L. ZEDDAM, A. MONSARRAT AND S. ABOL-ELA. , Entomovirology laboratory - ORSTOM - Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. I , I 4.' ABSTRACT i' A small RNA virus was isolated from larvae of the maize swm borer Sesamia cretica Lederer (Lepidoptcra : Noctuidae) , Some properties of his virus ( Maize Stem Borer Virus : MSBV ) have been studied. Elecuon microscopic observations of the purified suspention showed the presence of non-enveloppzd isometric viral particles, 30 nm in diameter, The viral genome was composed OF RNA, the virus capsid contained three major proteins ( VPI, VP3, VP4) with molecular weights of 60 000,45 O00 and 2S O00 as well as one minor (VP2) with molecular weight oc 58'000daltons , Immunodiffusion tests showed that MSBV s'as serologically unrelated to certain inseci Picoma-like viruses. This new virus could be provisionally arranged among the unclassified small RNA vù~sesof invertebrales and represents a great interst as a biological control agent I KEY WORDS : Sesumio creticn , Noctuidae RNA virus , Bioconuol agent ; II INTRODUCTION Com borers are considered among the major pests in Egypt. This group of pests are not easily accessible by the methods of chcmical control, hence the real insect suppression requires further control measures which have the ability to act in their targst host , Among the major com borer in Egypt, Sesamia crerica Lederer, 1857 (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) is the most frequently observed, but two other lepidopterous larvae are serious pests : Ostrìnia nubilalis Hubn. -
Current Knowledge of the Entomopathogenic Fungal Species Metarhizium flavoviride Sensu Lato and Its Potential in Sustainable Pest Control
insects Review Current Knowledge of the Entomopathogenic Fungal Species Metarhizium flavoviride Sensu Lato and Its Potential in Sustainable Pest Control Franciska Tóthné Bogdányi 1 , Renáta Petrikovszki 2 , Adalbert Balog 3, Barna Putnoky-Csicsó 3, Anita Gódor 2,János Bálint 3,* and Ferenc Tóth 2,* 1 FKF Nonprofit Zrt., Alföldi str. 7, 1081 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] 2 Plant Protection Institute, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly srt. 1, 2100 Gödöll˝o,Hungary; [email protected] (R.P.); [email protected] (A.G.) 3 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Allea Sighis, oarei 1C, 540485 Targu Mures/Corunca, Romania; [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (B.P.-C.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.B.); [email protected] (F.T.); Tel.: +40-744-782-982 (J.B.); +36-30-5551-255 (F.T.) Received: 17 July 2019; Accepted: 31 October 2019; Published: 2 November 2019 Abstract: Fungal entomopathogens are gaining increasing attention as alternatives to chemical control of arthropod pests, and the literature on their use under different conditions and against different species keeps expanding. Our review compiles information regarding the entomopathogenic fungal species Metarhizium flavoviride (Gams and Rozsypal 1956) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and gives account of the natural occurrences and target arthropods that can be controlled using M. flavoviride. Taxonomic problems around M. flavoviride species sensu lato are explained. Bioassays, laboratory and field studies examining the effect of fermentation, culture regimes and formulation are compiled along with studies on the effect of the fungus on target and non-target organisms and presenting the effect of management practices on the use of the fungus. -
Malpighian Tubules in Larvae of Diatraea Saccharalis (Lepidoptera
Advances in Entomology, 2014, 2, 202-210 Published Online October 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ae http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ae.2014.24029 Malpighian Tubules in Larvae of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera; Crambidae): A Morphological Comparison between Non-Parasitized and Parasitized by Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera; Braconidae) Gislei Maria Rigoni1, Helio Conte2 1Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Brazil 2Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil Email: [email protected], [email protected] Received 9 September 2014; revised 11 October 2014; accepted 20 October 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract In Diatraea saccharalis larvae, the Malpighian tubules are found along the digestive tube, extend- ing from the middle mesenteric region to the end of the posterior intestine, where they come in contact with the rectum to form the cryptonephridium. Scanning and transmission electron mi- croscopy of non-parasitized and parasitized larvae by Cotesia flavipes have indicated that the tu- bules consist of secretory and reabsorption cells. In parasitized larvae, the occurrence of hemo- cytes and teratocytes around the tubules is indicative of their role in immunological defense; how- ever, they were not observed in non-parasitized larvae. At day 9 of parasitism, the mitochon- dria-containing vacuoles and myelin-like figures show signs of degeneration. The results of this study have confirmed that C. flavipes manipulates the physiology and biochemistry of D. -
Environmental Health Criteria 166 METHYL BROMIDE
Environmental Health Criteria 166 METHYL BROMIDE Please note that the layout and pagination of this web version are not identical with the printed version. Methyl Bromide (EHC 166, 1995) INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA 166 METHYL BROMIDE This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, or the World Health Organization. First draft prepared by Dr. R.F. Hertel and Dr. T. Kielhorn. Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Aerosol Research, Hanover, Germany Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization World Health Orgnization Geneva, 1995 The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization. The main objective of the IPCS is to carry out and disseminate evaluations of the effects of chemicals on human health and the quality of the environment. Supporting activities include the development of epidemiological, experimental laboratory, and risk-assessment methods that could produce internationally comparable results, and the development of manpower in the field of toxicology. Other activities carried out by the IPCS include the development of know-how for coping with chemical accidents,