Mass Production Procedure of Trichogramma Spp
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Efficacy of Azadirachta Indica and Eucalyptus Globulus Against Corcyra Cephalonica
Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. (2019). 6(7): 119-123 International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences ISSN: 2348-8069 www.ijarbs.com DOI: 10.22192/ijarbs Coden: IJARQG(USA) Volume 6, Issue 7 -2019 Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2019.06.07.015 Efficacy of Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus globulus against Corcyra cephalonica Harminder Singh, Anita Singh* and Jora Singh Brar Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda Punjab-151302 Email ID*: [email protected] Abstract The four different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g) of Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus globules powdered leaves were tested against all stages of rice-moth larvae. The result revealed that maximum mortality were observed at higher concentration (2.0 g) with both botanicals in first and second instar of Corcyra cephalonica. When compared both botanicals, E. globulus shows more effectiveness as compared to Azadirachta indica on larvae of rice moth. Therefore on small scale these plant powders having the insecticidal effect could be used as good alternatives for synthetic pesticides against this pest. Keywords: Corcyra cephalonica, Eucalyptus globulus, Azadirachta indica, Mortality Introduction C. cephalonica causes serious damage to stored grain by feeding, leaving dense and tough silken threads Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: (Ayyar, 1934; Prevett, 1964). The damage also form Pyralidae) is one of the most widely distributed critical frass which make grains useless for human insect pests of the stored grains (Osmen, 1984). It is consumption (Frenemore and Prakash, 1992). To commonly known as Rice moth. -
Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), T
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/493643; this version posted December 13, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Description and biology of two new egg parasitoid species, 2 Trichogramma chagres and T. soberania (Hymenoptera: 3 Trichogrammatidae) reared from eggs of Heliconiini 4 butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) 5 collected in Panama 6 7 Jozef B. Woelke1,2, Viktor N. Fursov3, Alex V. Gumovsky3, Marjolein de Rijk1,4, Catalina 8 Estrada5, Patrick Verbaarschot1, Martinus E. Huigens1,6 and Nina E. Fatouros1,7 9 10 1 Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, 11 Wageningen, The Netherlands. 12 2 Current address: Business Unit Greenhouse Horticulture, Wageningen University & 13 Research, P.O. Box 20, 2665 Z0G, Bleiswijk, The Netherlands. 14 3 Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan 15 Khmel’nitskiy Street 15, 01601, Kiev, Ukraine. 16 4 Faculty of Science, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The 17 Netherlands. 18 5 Imperial College London, Silwood Park campus, Buckhurst road, SL5 7PY, Ascot, UK. 19 6 Current address: Education Institute, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 59, 20 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands. bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/493643; this version posted December 13, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
Attraction of Trichogramma Wasps to Brassica Nigra Plants Induced by Lepidopteran Eggs
Attraction of Trichogramma wasps to Brassica nigra plants induced by lepidopteran eggs Ilich A. Figueroa Supervisors: Nina Fatouros, Ties Huigens Examiner: Marcel Dicke MSc. Minor Thesis– ENT-80424 Report no. 010.27 MSc Plant Science Program Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University December, 2010 Abstract Plants possess a broad spectrum of defense mechanisms against herbivore attack. The black mustard Brassica nigra, is able to display early defense mechanism against egg infestation by pierid butterflies. This plant shows induced direct defense through hypersensitive response (HR), which kills the eggs as well as indirect defense by the emission of egg-induced plant volatiles that attract egg parasitoids such as Trichogramma wasp. In this study, I investigate whether B. nigra plants infested by the small cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) or the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) express both kind of defense strategies, and whether plants expressing HR still attract Trichgramma wasps in the laboratory and in nature. Tests in the y-tube olfactometer showed that volatiles of plants infested with P. rapae eggs 24h after egg deposition were attractive to the egg parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae when tested against volatiles of uninfested plants. All tested P. rapae-infested plants expressed HR 24h after oviposition. In contrast, plants infested with M. brassicae eggs did not express HR. Volatiles of M. brassicae egg-infested plants were attractive to T. brassicae only when tested against clean air but not when tested against volatiles of uninfested plants. In nature, 77% of the P. rapae eggs collected from HR+ B. nigra plants died, whereby 37% because of Trichogramma parasitism. Eggs collected on HR- B. -
A Cross Cultural Comparison of Common Themes and Derived Functions of Insects Exploited for Entomophagy
A Cross Cultural Comparison of Common Themes and Derived Functions of Insects Exploited for Entomophagy Dustin Reuther Redacted Dustin Reuther Entomophagy Abstract Insects represent a vast resource for human beings around the world. Comparative to their use, little research has been done on the subject. This article looked to determine comparative functions of insects in human societies based upon their physiological and behavioral characteristics. Using primarily secondary sources and to a smaller extent personal experience and interviews the researcher develops common principles that relate universally to the practice of entomophagy. Then the research lists major insects orders used for exploitation and develops common features and key differences found in entomophagous practices of each order. 2 Dustin Reuther Entomophagy Table of Contents Introduction 4 Principles 5 Data and Analysis 11 Coleoptera 12 Hymenoptera 17 Isoptera 30 Lepidoptera 35 Orthoptera 41 Others 45 Conclusion 49 Notes 50 Acknowledged 51 Works Cited 52 Appendix 57 3 Dustin Reuther Entomophagy Introduction Insecta is the most populous animal class on Earth with estimates of over 90% of life on Earth falling under it. Though in the Western world we ignore or actively annihilate this class of animals, in many other parts of the world they hold vast importance as primary food sources, snacks and medicine. The ways in which people around the world interact with and acquire these insects gives us an extensive look at indigenous knowledge pathways. To successfully harvest insects one must be extremely familiar with their surrounding environment and the life cycle of the insects. For example, if one is unprepared for a particular swarming season then a bounty of food may be lost for that year. -
Urban and Stored Products Entomology
Session 23 - URBAN AND STORED PRODUCTS ENTOMOLOGY [4018] ANALYSING mE IMPACT OF TERETRIUS NIGRESCENS ON [4020] NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY APPLIED PROSTEPHANUS TRUNCATUS IN MAIZE STORES IN WEST AFRICA PARASITOIDS AND HIDDEN INSECT LARVAE, COLEOPTERA, AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE-GRADING N. Holsl'. W. G. Meikle', C. Nansen' & R. H. Markham', 'Danish lnsl. of Agricultural Sciences, Aakkebjerg, 4200 Siagelse, Denmark, E-mail [email protected]; F. E. Dowell', J. E. Throne', A. B. Broce', R. A. Wirtz', J. Perez' & J, E. Baker', 2International Insl. of Tropical Agriculture, 08 B. P. 0932 Tri-postal, Cotonou, Benin. 'USDA ARS Grain Marketing and Production Res. Center, 1515 College Ave .. Manhattan, KS 66502, USA, E-mail [email protected]; 2Dept. of Entomol., Kansas Since its accidental introduction into East and West Africa in the early 1980's the larger State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506; 'Entomo!. Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, grain borer, Prostephanus truncarus (Co!.: Bostrichidae), has been expanding its Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; GA 30341. geographical range and is rapidly becoming the most serious pest on stored maize and cassava in the whole sub-Saharan region. In its wake, scientists and extension officers Near-infrared spectroscopy (NlRS) was used to detect parasitoids in insect-infested wheat have been releasing the predator Teretrius (Teretriosoma) nigrescens (Col.: Histeridae) as kernels or parasitoids in house fly puparia, to detect hidden insects in grain. to identify a means of biological control. Based on results obtained in the early 1990' s in the initial stored-grain Coleoptera, and to age-grade Diptera. In tests to detect parasitized rice area of release in Togo and Benin, T. -
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS of Trichogramma Maxacalii (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) on EGGS of Anagasta Kuehniella (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF Trichogramma maxacalii ON EGGS OF FACTITIOUS HOST Anagasta kuehniella 647 BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Trichogramma maxacalii (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) ON EGGS OF Anagasta kuehniella (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) OLIVEIRA, H. N.,1, 2, 3 ZANUNCIO, J. C.,1 PRATISSOLI, D.3 and PICANÇO, M. C.1 1Departamento de Biologia Animal, Setor Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36571-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil 2Bolsista PROFIX do CNPq, Brazil 3 Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias da UFES, CEP 29500-000, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil Correspondence to: Harley Nonato de Oliveira, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias da UFES, C.P. 16, CEP 29500-000, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil, e-mail: [email protected] Received May 13, 2002 – Accepted October 21, 2002 – Distributed November 30, 2003 (With 2 figures) ABSTRACT Individuals of two populations of Trichogramma maxacalii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were collected from eggs of Euselasia apisaon (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), a lepidopteran defoliator of Eu- calyptus, in plantations in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil. This study investigated the sex ratio, number of parasitoids per egg, and longevity of individuals of these two populations of T. maxacalii, when this parasitoid was reared receiving eggs of the factitious host Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in different periods after emergence, and with or without honey. Sex ratio of T. maxacalii varied from 0.44 to 0.60, and was affected by the interaction between populations, availability of food (honey), and length of time in which the parasitoid stayed without host eggs after their emer- gence. The population of T. maxacalii collected in São Paulo produced a larger number of individu- als per egg of the host A. -
Downloaded from BOLD Or Requested from Other Authors
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Towards a global DNA barcode reference library for quarantine identifcations of lepidopteran Received: 28 November 2018 Accepted: 5 April 2019 stemborers, with an emphasis on Published: xx xx xxxx sugarcane pests Timothy R. C. Lee 1, Stacey J. Anderson2, Lucy T. T. Tran-Nguyen3, Nader Sallam4, Bruno P. Le Ru5,6, Desmond Conlong7,8, Kevin Powell 9, Andrew Ward10 & Andrew Mitchell1 Lepidopteran stemborers are among the most damaging agricultural pests worldwide, able to reduce crop yields by up to 40%. Sugarcane is the world’s most prolifc crop, and several stemborer species from the families Noctuidae, Tortricidae, Crambidae and Pyralidae attack sugarcane. Australia is currently free of the most damaging stemborers, but biosecurity eforts are hampered by the difculty in morphologically distinguishing stemborer species. Here we assess the utility of DNA barcoding in identifying stemborer pest species. We review the current state of the COI barcode sequence library for sugarcane stemborers, assembling a dataset of 1297 sequences from 64 species. Sequences were from specimens collected and identifed in this study, downloaded from BOLD or requested from other authors. We performed species delimitation analyses to assess species diversity and the efectiveness of barcoding in this group. Seven species exhibited <0.03 K2P interspecifc diversity, indicating that diagnostic barcoding will work well in most of the studied taxa. We identifed 24 instances of identifcation errors in the online database, which has hampered unambiguous stemborer identifcation using barcodes. Instances of very high within-species diversity indicate that nuclear markers (e.g. 18S, 28S) and additional morphological data (genitalia dissection of all lineages) are needed to confrm species boundaries. -
Intraguild Predation of Orius Niger (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on Trichogramma Evanescens (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 114: 609–613, 2017 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2017.074 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Intraguild predation of Orius niger (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on Trichogramma evanescens (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) SERKAN PEHLİVAN, ALİCAN KURTULUŞ, TUĞCAN ALINÇ and EKREM ATAKAN Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural Faculty, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Key words. Hemiptera, Anthocoridae, Orius niger, Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae, Trichogramma evanescens, intraguild predation, Ephestia kuehniella, biological control Abstract. Intraguild predation of a generalist predator, Orius niger Wolff (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on Trichogramma evane- scens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), was determined in choice and no-choice experiments using a factitious host, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), under laboratory conditions. Choice and no-choice experiments were conducted in order to assess the level of intraguild predation of O. niger on E. kuehniella eggs parasitized by T. evanescens. In no-choice experiments, approximately 50 sterile (1) non-parasitized, (2) 3-day-old parasitized, or (3) 6-day-old parasitized E. kuehniella eggs were offered to 24-h-old females of O. niger in glass tubes. In choice experiments approximately 25 eggs of two of the three groups mentioned above were offered to 24-h-old O. niger females. In both choice and no-choice experiments, O. niger consumed more non-parasitized eggs of E. kuehniella. However, intraguild predation occurred, especially of 3-day-old para- sitoids, but very few 6-day-old parasitized eggs were consumed. The preference index was nearly 1 indicating O. -
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Int.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev.2015; 3(4):373-380 International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review ISSN: 2347-3215 Volume 3 Number 4 ( April-2015) pp. 373-380 www.ijcrar.com Variation in biological parameters of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) with quality of rearing media N. Chaudhuri1*, A. Ghosh2 and J. Ghosh3 1Department of Agricultural Entomology, RRS, Terai Zone, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar-736165, West Bengal, India 2Department of Agricultural Statistics, RRS, Terai Zone, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar-736165, West Bengal, India 3Department of Agricultural Entomology, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar-736165, West Bengal, India *Corresponding author KEYWORDS ABSTRACT Food grains, Variation in biological parameters of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton dextrose, (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) with quality rearing media was studied against four yeast, (4) different types of locally available grains namely maize, wheat, Italian larva, millet and scented rice as solo and fortified with 3% dextrose and yeast. The pupa, insect had significantly shortest larval-pupal period when the food grains adult, were fortified with dextrose followed by yeast and the period was longest in Corcyra solo grains. The insect complete its life cycle within 51.28 days during cephalonica August-October as compared to 54.67 days in May-August. The period was longest in scented rice (64.71 days) and shortest in maize-dextrose (45.00 days). Adult emergence was the maximum during August-October (71.33%) and in wheat (solo as well as fortified). The sex ratio showed female dominance. Fortification of 3% dextrose and yeast increased female per cent and thereby fecundity in Italian millet. -
BSES Limited
BSES Limited REVIEW OF MOTH-BORER RESISTANCE SCREENING AND REPORT ON VISIT TO SASRI by Peter Samson SR09004 Contact: Peter Samson Principal Entomologist BSES Limited PMB 57 Mackay Mail Centre, Q 4741 Telephone: 07 4963 6815 Facsimile: 07 4954 5167 Email: [email protected] BSES is not a partner, joint venturer, employee or agent of SRDC and has no authority to legally bind SRDC, in any publication of substantive details or results of this Project. BSES Limited Publication Study Tour Report SR09004 November 2009 Copyright © 2009 by BSES Limited All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of BSES Limited. Warning: Our tests, inspections and recommendations should not be relied on without further, independent inquiries. They may not be accurate, complete or applicable for your particular needs for many reasons, including (for example) BSES Limited being unaware of other matters relevant to individual crops, the analysis of unrepresentative samples or the influence of environmental, managerial or other factors on production. Disclaimer: Except as required by law and only to the extent so required, none of BSES Limited, its directors, officers or agents makes any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to, or shall in any way be liable (including liability in negligence) directly or indirectly for any loss, damages, costs, expenses or reliance arising out of or in connection with, the accuracy, currency, completeness or balance of (or otherwise), or any errors in or omissions from, any test results, recommendations statements or other information provided to you. -
Regional Training Workshop on Mass Production of Beneficial Insects and Nematodes
Regional Training Workshop on Mass Production of Beneficial Insects and Nematodes 15 – 19 May 2017 Department of Agriculture, Thailand Plant Protection Research and Development Office Table of Contents 1. Goniozus nephantidis 1 2. Asecodes hispinarum 12 3. Anagyrus lopezi 16 4. Lacewings 19 5. Earwigs spp. 22 6. Trichogramma spp. 25 Goniozus nephantidis for controlling Opisina arenosella walker Opisina arenosella walker (black-headed caterpillar) Introduction Black-headed caterpillar or Opisina arenosella Walker is an insect pest that can be found in South Asian countries like India and Sri Lanka. The first outbreak in Thailand in July 2007, have affected the yield of coconut, farming land as well as businesses related to it. The pest control of black-headed caterpillar should be done when first sighted for easier, faster elimination with little cost, and most importantly, it would not affect the produce and the use of chemical pesticides can be avoided. However, if left alone until the coconut leaves become dry, it would be harder to control the black-headed caterpillar and could eventually result to the death of coconut trees. Finding solution to the outbreak of black-headed caterpillar, it is necessary to have cooperation from all different sectors including the government, business and private sector related to coconut and coconut farmers as well as owner of uncultivated coconut land that needed integration by controlling the black-headed caterpillar once sighted, so as not to let it multiply and spread further. This document has collected the steps and procedures in controlling black-headed caterpillar starting from cutting and destroying the affected area of coconut leaves, to the use of Bio bacteria (BT) and Goniozus nephantidis or Muesebeck as well as the right use of chemicals. -
In Laboratory Cultures of Tenebrio Molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Possible Role in Biological Control of Ephestia Cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
634 Florida Entomologist 96(2) June 2013 ANTROCEPHALUS MITYS (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDIDAE) IN LABORATORY CULTURES OF TENEBRIO MOLITOR (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE), AND POSSIBLE ROLE IN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF EPHESTIA CAUTELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) ALEXANDRE I. A. PEREIRA1, TIAGO G. PIKART2, FRANCISCO S. RAMALHO3, SAGADAI MANICKAVASAGAM4, JOSÉ E. SERRÃO5 AND JOSÉ C. ZANUNCIO2,* 1Instituto Federal Goiano (Campus Urutaí), Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento Km 2,5, 75790-000 Urutaí, Goiás State, Brazil 2Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil 3Unidade de Controle Biológico⁄Embrapa Algodão, Avenida Osvaldo Cruz, 1143, 58107-720, Campina Grande, Paraíba State, Brazil 4Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India 5Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Adequate food sources are shortcomings for cidentally introduced into Brazil (Boucek 1988). mass rearing predators (Molina-Rugama et al. Antrocephalus spp. are natural enemies of stored 1998; Silva et al. 2009) and parasitoids (Pratissoli product moth pests such as Corcyra cephalonica et al. 2004a; Soares et al. 2007). The yellow meal- Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Sastry & Ap- worm, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebri- panna 1960; Gates 1993; Konishi et al. 2004), onidae), is used to feed captive mammals, birds, Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera: