DOCSLIB.ORG

In Laboratory Cultures of Tenebrio Molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Possible Role in Biological Control of Ephestia Cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In Laboratory Cultures of Tenebrio Molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Possible Role in Biological Control of Ephestia Cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) 634 Florida Entomologist 96(2) June 2013 ANTROCEPHALUS MITYS (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDIDAE) IN LABORATORY CULTURES OF TENEBRIO MOLITOR (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE), AND POSSIBLE ROLE IN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF EPHESTIA CAUTELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) ALEXANDRE I. A. PEREIRA1, TIAGO G. PIKART2, FRANCISCO S. RAMALHO3, SAGADAI MANICKAVASAGAM4, JOSÉ E. SERRÃO5 AND JOSÉ C. ZANUNCIO2,* 1Instituto Federal Goiano (Campus Urutaí), Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento Km 2,5, 75790-000 Urutaí, Goiás State, Brazil 2Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil 3Unidade de Controle Biológico⁄Embrapa Algodão, Avenida Osvaldo Cruz, 1143, 58107-720, Campina Grande, Paraíba State, Brazil 4Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India 5Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Adequate food sources are shortcomings for cidentally introduced into Brazil (Boucek 1988). mass rearing predators (Molina-Rugama et al. Antrocephalus spp. are natural enemies of stored 1998; Silva et al. 2009) and parasitoids (Pratissoli product moth pests such as Corcyra cephalonica et al. 2004a; Soares et al. 2007). The yellow meal- Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Sastry & Ap- worm, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebri- panna 1960; Gates 1993; Konishi et al. 2004), onidae), is used to feed captive mammals, birds, Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera: Xylo- reptiles, amphibians because this mealworm is ryctinae) (Abdurahiman et al. 1983; Mohandas & easy to propagate, harvest and feed (Klasing et Abdurahiman 1992, 1995) and Galleria mellonel- al. 2000; Zanuncio et al. 2008). Also pupae of T. la L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Subba Rao 1955). molitor are an alternative prey for laboratory Antrocephalus mitys males and females were mass rearing Neotropical predatory and parasit- collected manually with a vacuum flask (150 mL) oid insects with low costs and labor requirements from the mealworm laboratory colony in the In- (Zanuncio et al. 2008; Bortoli et al. 2011). sectary (Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV) in Ephestia spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) spe- Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil at 25 ± 2 °C, 60 cies are worldwide pests of stored grains and by- ± 10% RH and 10:14 h L:D. products, and they feed on wheat flour or meal Detailed morphological descriptions of A. mi- (Ammouneh et al. 2011), the main food substrate tys adults and larvae were made with aid of a of T. molitor larvae and adults. Ephestia spp. Sony DSC-W70 Cyber-shot (7.2 megapixels) digi- moths are generally managed by fogging with tal camera in macro mode using magnifications insecticides in storage units (Scholler & Flinn of up to 20 × with the lens of the camera directly 2000). However, public health concerns regarding coupled to the ocular of a stereomicroscope. pesticide residues in food mandate alternative Each of 10 pairs of A. mitys were held sepa- strategies, such as biological control, to manage rately in glass tubes (2.5 cm × 5 cm) plugged with these insects (Scholler 1998). Natural enemies cotton wool and fed on 50% honey solution. Eight frequently parasitize immature Coleoptera and pairs of A. mitys were reared without honey solu- Lepidoptera in stored product systems (Toews & tion to evaluate starvation effect on their longev- Subramanyam 2004), but their biological and eco- ity. One Ephestia cautella pupa was introduced logical functions and applications have not been into each glass tube and the behavior of A. mi- studied adequately (Pikart et al. 2011). tys was observed. Each pupae was immediately Some chalcids of the genus, Antrocephalus removed after parasitism to avoid superparasit- spp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) were recently ism (Gates 1993), and a fresh pupa was provided. found on our T. molitor rearing facilities para- Longevity and the parasitism rate of 12 A. mitys sitizing Ephestia cautella (Walker) pupae and females on E. cautella pupae were evaluated. identified by the fourth author asAntrocephalus To observe the behavior of A. mitys adults, 10 mitys (Walker). This species originated in the old individuals were maintained in plastic trays (30 world (Delvare & Arias-Penna 2006) and was ac- × 15 cm) with abundant wheat flour and healthy Scientific Notes 635 24-48 h old E. cautella pupae. A glass cover was ops per host (Hubbard et al. 1987). In this case, placed on to the top of the tray to allow observa- females could deposit more than 1 egg in a single tions and to prevent escape. The chalcids were host but mechanisms of competition lead to the allowed to forage and oviposit until their death. survival of just 1 larva as in Nemeritis canescens Observations were carried out daily, each day for (Grav.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) (Hubbard a 2-h period. et al. 1987). Female parasitoids may deposit in- The entire body of A. mitys is black. The chalcid ternal marks into the host to indicate those that has brown-black eyes and 8-segmented antennae. have been exploited (Hofsvang 1990). Thus, ex- The entire dorsal surface of the thorax is densely ternal punctures on E. cautella pupae could be set with thimble-like pits. Wings are hyaline. The due to examination of the pupa with the oviposi- legs are dark brown and the outer margins of the tor by A. mitys females (Nufio & Papaj 2001). hind femora are minutely serrated. The dorsal Ephestia cautella pupae were successfully surface of the abdomen is black, but the ventral parasitized by A. mitys and fertile offspring were surface is slightly brown. The abdomen of the fe- produced. The presence of A. mitys in the yel- male is pointed whereas that of the male is blunt. low mealworm rearing facility suggests that it The newly hatched A. mitys larva has a trans- is adapted to artificial environments and to this lucent white color, and lies freely in the body fluid host. Since Ephestia spp. presumably compete for of the host pupa. Each adult emerged through an resources with T. molitor the addition of A. mitys exit hole at the anterior end of the host. Females might improve mealworm mass-rearing efficacy. lived longer than males (55.48 ± 4.00 days and Eggs, larvae and pupae of Ephestia spp. are used 47.50 ± 2.54 days, respectively) even in conditions to rear parasitoids, predators and mites for bio- of starvation (10.00 ± 2.50 days and 6.58 ± 1.56 logical control programs and research (Oliveira days, respectively). Neither sexual gender of An- et al. 2004; Pratissoli et al. 2004b; Momen & trocephalus mitys adults fed on the host. El-Laithy 2007). Egg parasitoids of the genus Antrocephalus mitys females and males mat- Trichogramma spp. are utilized in stored systems ed soon after emergence. Upon finding the host against Ephestia spp. moths (Steidle et al. 2001) pupa, the female with her antennae outstretched and reared on this insect (Smith 1996). touched it. Females held the host with their tar- Antrocephalus mitys may be a tool for the bi- si and kept their antennae directed downwards ological control of stored product moth pests in during oviposition. Eggs were laid on the naked Brazil; and Ephestia cautella is an adequate facti- pupae, on pupae within cocoons inside galleries, tious host for mass rearing this chalcid wasp. or on those buried in the wheat flour. Chalcid fe- males, when unable to reach the host with their ovipositors, dug as deep as 5 cm into wheat flour SUMMARY to find host pupae. This searching behavior ofA. mitys females to locate and parasitize hosts is Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Py- similar to that of Trichogramma spp. wasps in ralidae) is a cosmopolitan pest of stored products. stored peanuts (Scholler et al. 1996) and may be It was found abundantly in a yellow mealworm important in using these wasps to manage Ephes- mass rearing facility in Viçosa, Minas Gerais tia spp., because these pests develop within the State, Brazil feeding on wheat flour and associ- substrate where pesticides may not penetrate ated with a chalcid parasitoid. This wasp was (Bowditch & Madden 1996). identified asAntrocephalus mitys (Walker) (Hy- Antrocephalus mitys parasitized up to 20% of menoptera: Chalcididae), a pupal parasitoid of the E. cautella pupae offered. Host finding is in- moth stored products pests. In the laboratory, E. fluenced by several factors in a cereal storage eco- cautella pupae were successfully parasitized by system, such as environmental conditions (Hong A. mitys and fertile offspring were obtained. The & Ryoo 1991), host density and food availability presence of A. mitys in the mealworm colony sug- (Steidle & Schöller 2002). Despite the lower para- gests that this chalcid is adapted to artificial en- sitism level showed by A. mitys in this work, it vironments and has the potential to be deployed was higher than for other Antrocephalus species as a biological control agent in postharvest stored (Gothilf 1969; Ndemah et al. 2001; Dhileepan et product facilities. al. 2005). Key Words: Antrocephalus mitys, biological Antrocephalus mitys females reared in plastic control, Ephestia cautella, host, parasitoids trays did not discriminate between parasitized and unparasitized host pupae, as shown by more RESUMO than 1 puncture per host pupa. However, only one egg per host completed its development irrespec- Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyra- tive of host size, as observed for Antrocephalus ha- lidae) é uma praga cosmopolita de produtos arma- konensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) zenados. Esta foi encontrada em abundância em (Abdurahiman et al. 1983). Both species seem to uma criação massal de tenébrio em Viçosa, Minas be solitary parasitoids in that only 1 adult devel- Gerais, Brasil alimentando-se em farelo de trigo 636 Florida Entomologist 96(2) June 2013 associado com um parasitoide chalcidídeo. Esta GOTHILF, S. 1969. Natural enemies of the carob moth vespa foi identificada comoAntrocephalus mitys Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller). Entomophaga 14: (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), parasi- 195-202.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Attract-And-Kill Methods for Control of Indianmeal Moth
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by SHAREOK repository ATTRACT-AND-KILL METHODS FOR CONTROL OF INDIANMEAL MOTH, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), AND COMPARISONS WITH OTHER PHEROMONE-BASED CONTROL METHODS By MANUEL CAMPOS-FIGUEROA Bachelor of Science in Entomology and Plant Pathology Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Chapingo, State of México, México 1996 Master of Science in Entomology Colegio de Postgraduados Montecillos, State of México, México 1999 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May, 2009 ATTRACT-AND-KILL METHODS FOR CONTROL OF INDIANMEAL MOTH, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), AND COMPARISONS WITH OTHER PHEROMONE-BASED CONTROL METHODS Dissertation Approved: Dr. Thomas W. Phillips Dissertation Adviser Dr. Mark E. Payton Dr. Jack W. Dillwith Dr. Brad Kard Dr. A. Gordon Emslie Dean of the Graduate College ii PREFACE I want to extend my gratitude to my major advisor and mentor Dr. Thomas W. Phillips for his time and support given to me during my Ph.D. studies. Also, I appreciate Dr. Phillips for considering me part of your research team. You are an example to follow, a great scientist, a great person and always looking for a solution. I am grateful with Dr. Jack W. Dillwith for being an excellent professor and committee member. Dr. Dillwith has always been very helpful and gave me good suggestions that improved this research. Thank you for being such a great support during all this time.
    [Show full text]
  • ON CRYPTOBLABES GNIDIELLA and ALIENA1 (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae : Phycitinae)
    Pacific Insects 14 (2) : 433 20 August 1972 ON CRYPTOBLABES GNIDIELLA AND ALIENA1 (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae : Phycitinae) By Elwood C. Zimmerman2 In Insects of Hawaii 8 : 363, 1958, I wrote that Cryptoblabes aliena Swezey is an "Im­ migrant, but source not determined. First noticed in Hawaii by Swezey in 1905." The problem of the source of the moth in Hawaii is solved by the following synonymy and details : Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliere). Ephestia Gnidiella Milliere, Iconographie et Description de chenilles et LSpidopteres inSdits 2: 308, pl. 83, figs. 4-9, 1867 (sometimes wrongly cited as 1864, which is the date on the title page but which applies only to part of the work). Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliere) Ragonot, Monographie des Phycitinae et des Galleriinae. In: N. M. Romanoff's Memoires sur les LSpidopteres 7 : 16, 1893. Heinrich, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 207: 10, figs. 1, 132, 639, 1956. Cryptoblabes aliena Swezey, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Assoc. Exp. Sta., Ent. Bull. 6: 24, pl. 4, figs. 4-7, 1909. Zimmerman, Insects of Hawaii 8: 360, figs. 298-300, 1958. New synonym. Cryptoblabes gnidiella was described from France, and it is now widely dispersed about the warmer parts of the world. It has been reported from Eurasia, Africa, Malaysia and America, whence it was first recorded by Dyar in 1915 (Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 3 : 88) from specimens collected in Bermuda. My manuscript for the pyralid volume of Insects of Hawaii was mostly written before the appearance of Heinrich's 1956 monograph, and although I added various details from his publication before my book was published, the fact that Heinrich (p.
    [Show full text]
  • Efficacy of Pheromones for Managing of the Mediterranean Flour Moth
    12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) in Berlin, Germany, October 7-11, 2018 HOSSEININAVEH, V., BANDANI, A.R., AZMAYESHFARD, P., HOSSEINKHANI, S. UND M. KAZZAZI, 2007. Digestive proteolytic and amylolytic activities in Trogoderma granarium Everts (Dermestidae: Coleoptera). J. Stored Prod. Res., 43: 515-522. ISHAAYA, I. UND R. HOROWITZ, 1995. Pyriproxyfen, a novel insect growth regulator for controlling whiteflies. Mechanism and resistance management. Pestic. Sci., 43: 227–232. ISHAAYA, I., BARAZANI, A., KONTSEDALOV, S. UND A.R. HOROWITZ, 2007. Insecticides with novel mode of action: Mechanism, selectivity and cross-resistance. Entomol. Res., 37: 148-152. IZAWA, Y., M. UCHIDA, T. SUGIMOTO AND T. ASAI, 1985. Inhibition of Chitin Biosynthesis by buprofezin analogs in relation to their activity controlling Nilaparvata lugens. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 24: 343-347. KLJAJIC, P. UND I. PERIC, 2007. Effectiveness of wheat-applied contact insecticide against Sitophilus granarius (L.) originating from different populations. J. Stored Prod. Res., 43: 523-529. KONNO, T., 1990. Buprofezin: A reliable IGR for the control of rice pests. Soci. Chem. Indus., 23: 212 - 214. KOSTYUKOVSKY, M. UND A. TROSTANETSKY, 2006. The effect of a new chitin synthesis inhibitor, novaluron, on various developmental stages ofTribolium castaneum (Herbst). J. Stored Prod. Res., 42: 136-148. KOSTYUKOVSKY, M., CHEN, B., ATSMI, S. UND E. SHAAYA, 2000. Biological activity of two juvenoids and two ecdysteroids against three stored product insects. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 30: 891-897. LIANG, P., CUI, J.Z., YANG, X.Q. UND X.W. GAO, 2007. Effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and carboxylesterase activity in Bemisia tabaci biotype B and greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Risks and Potential of Injection Techniques in Integrated Programs to Eradicate the Red Palm Weevil: Review and New Perspectives
    Review Assessment of risks and potential of injection techniques in integrated programs to eradicate the red palm weevil: review and new perspectives Michel FERRY*, Susi GOMEZ INRA, Estación Phoenix, Assessment of risks and potential of injection techniques in integrated programs to Apartado 996, 03201 Elche, eradicate the red palm weevil: review and new perspectives. Spain, Abstract – Introduction. Plants develop mechanisms that allow them to compartmentalize injuries [email protected] that they suffer during their life. In trees, pruning and injection treatments must be used in accordance with precise rules to reduce risks resulting from the injuries created. Sealing in palms. Palms, con- trary to widespread belief, are quite capable of “healing” injuries (sealing); because of an anatomy quite different from trees, the sealing process in palms is much simpler. Compartmentalization of injection wounds. The controversy on the use of injection in trees is due essentially to initial mis- takes that have then been rectified. Injection in palms against the red palm weevil. For palms, for decades, this technique has been employed without problems and with great efficiency against various pests, including Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, the red palm weevil (RPW). Its use has been reserved for exceptional situations either to face abnormal pest proliferation, uncontrollable by other techniques, or to implement eradication programs. Integrated eradication program. In such a pro- gram, the main aim of injection treatments is preventive. With long-persistence insecticides, the number of treatments could be greatly reduced. The resulting savings in time and money would ena- ble the organization of the treatments of all the palms located in an infested area, and consequently the rapid eradication of the pest.
    [Show full text]
  • Persistence of Mating Suppression of the Indian Meal Moth Plodia Interpunctella in the Presence and Absence of Commercial Mating Disruption Dispensers
    insects Article Persistence of Mating Suppression of the Indian Meal Moth Plodia interpunctella in the Presence and Absence of Commercial Mating Disruption Dispensers Leanage K. W. Wijayaratne 1 and Charles S. Burks 2,* 1 Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; [email protected] 2 USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 September 2020; Accepted: 10 October 2020; Published: 14 October 2020 Simple Summary: A novel assay system was used to facilitate replicated studies examining the impact of commercial mating disruption dispensers on Plodia interpunctella. Both direct and indirect exposure to passive mating disruption dispensers for as little as 2 h suppressed mating throughout the rest of a 10 h scotophase. This is the first direct evidence that for P. interpunctella, transient exposure to commercial mating disruption dispensers is sufficient to suppress male orientation to females without re-exposure to the mating disruption dispensers. An improved understanding of mechanisms for mating disruption can improve both development of future products and how current products are used. Abstract: The Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is controlled by commercial mating disruption dispensers using passive release to emit high concentrations (relative to females or monitoring lures) of their principal sex pheromone component, (9Z,12E)-tetradecadienyl acetate. Since P. interpunctella is sexually active throughout the scotophase, an assay system was developed to determine the importance of direct interaction of the male with the dispenser, and whether exposure to mating disruption early in the night is sufficient to suppress mating throughout the night.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Testing of Garlic Based Bio-Pesticide on Insect Pests of Coconut (Cocus Nucifera L.)
    TESTING OF GARLIC BASED BIO-PESTICIDE ON INSECT PESTS OF COCONUT (COCUS NUCIFERA L.) A REPORT 2008-2009 UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GANDHI KRISHI VIGNAN KENDRA BANGALORE-560065 1 TESTING OF GARLIC BASED BIO-PESTICIDE ON INSECT PESTS OF COCONUT (COCUS NUCIFERA L.) A REPORT 2008-2009 UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GANDHI KRISHI VIGNAN KENDRA BANGALORE-560065 2 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR Dr. A. K. CHAKRAVARTHY PROFFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY UAS, GKVK, BANGALORE-560065 CO-INVESTIGATOR B.DODDABASAPPA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE UAS, GKVK, BANGALORE-560065 3 TESTING OF GARLIC BASED BIO-PESTICIDE ON INSECT PESTS OF COCONUT (COCUS NUCIFERA L.) Introduction: In recent days organic farming plays an important role in getting quality food, since people are health conscious and many times asking for organic tender coconut and organic copra. Coconut (Cocus nucifera L.) is one of the important plantation crops cultivated across 19.5 lakh ha in India with a production of 14811 lakh nuts with an average of 7608 nuts. In Southern India, every house uses coconut almost every day for one or the other purpose. In addition to use of nuts for food and in temples for spiritual customs and ceremonies, in many parts of the world coconut oil is used as food, bio-fuel and lubricant. While it is one of the important commercial crops in India, it is the most important crop in the world. Keeping this in background the following objectives were framed to upate the pest management practices through suppressing the pests by bio- pesticides (Muralimohan, et al.,2008). In Karnataka ,this palm which is called Kalpavruksh, accounts for more than 18 percent of area in India, is predominantly grown in three agro-systems- hill and mountain (Districts of Hassan, Tumkur, South Chitradurga, Shimoga and Chikmagalur), Coastal (Mangalore, North Karnataka) and plains (Mysore, Mandya, Bangalore rural, Kolar).
    [Show full text]
  • The Dietetics of the Caterpillars of Three Ephestia Species, E. Kuehniella, E. Elutella, and E. Cautella, and of a Closely Related Species, Plodia Interpunctella
    [ 162] THE DIETETICS OF THE CATERPILLARS OF THREE EPHESTIA SPECIES, E. KUEHNIELLA, E. ELUTELLA, AND E. CAUTELLA, AND OF A CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES, PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA BY G. FRAENKEL AND M. BLEWETT, Department of Zoology and Applied Entomology, Imperial College, London, S'.W. 7 {Received 14 November 1945) (With Twelve Text-figures) In the course of a previous analysis of the dietetics of great number of individual tests it was not found several insects found on dried foods (Fraenkel & practicable to grow each caterpillar singly. Each test Blewett, 1943 a), it was discovered that the larva of was performed with twenty larvae. When the larvae Ephestia kuehnieUa, which normally feeds on flour, were fully grown and started wandering, a strip of grew badly, unlike the larvae of several beetles, 00 corrugated paper, about 2x1 in., was inserted into artificial diets consisting of casein, glucose, cholesterol each tube. Most larvae of the three Ephestia species, and salts and the moths failed to emerge. Later the but not of Plodia, pupated in the folds of the corru- investigation was extended to E. elutella, which is gated paper. By holding the papers toward the light known to infest such divergent materials as grain, it was possible to distinguish the darker and shorter tobacco, cacao beans and dried fruit. E. elutella grew pupa from the larva, and this method had also the fairly well on artificial diets, but again the moths additional advantage that the dates of pupation could failed to emerge from the pupae. Here the work was be marked on the papers. Plodia pupated inside the held up until it was discovered that Ephestia required, food and not in papers, which made it impossible to for successful growth and metamorphosis, fat- observe the date of pupation.
    [Show full text]
  • Ephestia Welseriella and Delplanqueia Inscriptella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Phycitinae), New to the Belgian Fauna
    Ephestia welseriella and Delplanqueia inscriptella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Phycitinae), new to the Belgian fauna Dan Slootmaekers, Chris Snyers & Steve Wullaert Abstract. In 2015 and 2016 several specimens of Ephestia welseriella (Zeller, 1848) were trapped in Rochefort and three specimens of Delplanqueia inscriptella (Duponchel, 1837) were found at Han-sur-Lesse (both Namur, Belgium). These are the first records of these species in Belgium. Information on the geographical distribution and biology of both species is provided as well as an examination of the genitalia of D. inscriptella. Samenvatting. In 2015 en 2016 werden enkele exemplaren van Ephestia welseriella (Zeller, 1848) gevangen te Rochefort (Namen, België) en drie exemplaren van Delplanqueia inscriptella (Duponchel, 1837) werden gevonden te Han-sur-Lesse (beide Namen, België). Het is de eerste keer dat deze soorten in België werden waargenomen. Informatie over de geografische verspreiding en de biologie van beide soorten wordt gegeven samen met een beschrijving van de genitalia van D. inscriptella. Résumé. En 2015 et 2016 quelques exemplaires d’Ephestia welseriella (Zeller, 1848) ont été capturés à Rochefort et trois exemplaires de Delplanqueia inscriptella (Duponchel, 1837) ont été trouvés à Han-sur-Lesse (les deux Namur, Belgique). Il s'agît des premières mentions de ces espèces en Belgique. Des informations concernant la distribution géographique et la biologie des deux espèces sont fournies ainsi qu’une investigation des genitalia de D. inscriptella. Key words: Ephestia welseriella – Delplanqueia inscriptella – Faunistics – Lepidoptera– New record – Belgium. Slootmaekers D.: Kinderwelzijnstraat 41, 2920 Kalmthout. [email protected] Snyers C.: Rendierstraat 14/2, 2610 Wilrijk. [email protected] Wullaert S.: Sint-Jorisstraat 24, 3583 Paal.
    [Show full text]
  • Subfamily Dolichoderinae DISCUSSION
    _____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2009__________ 187 Subfamily Dolichoderinae *Linepithema humile Meyr, 1868 Nooshahr and Noor, September 2005. *Tapinoma festae Emery, 1925 Fereydonkenar and Chalus, November 2001. *Tapinoma karavievi Emery, 1925 Chalus and Tonekabon, June 2004. Tapinoma simrothi subsp. Karavievi Emery, 1925 Behshahr and Neka, August 2001. DISCUSSION The results of this survey indicated that the subfamily Myrmicinae is more diverse than the two other subfamilies with 20 species. Majer (1986) classified ants into status categories of dominant; subdominant, which can attain dominant status in the absence of dominant ants; and nondominant, which live within or between the territories of dominant ants. Dominant ants include species that are most conspicuously useful for biological control. Good evidence shows that ants prey on the egg of pest species in many different countries and habitats. For example, in Sri Lanka virtually 100% of eggs of Opisina arenosella were removed within 24 h by Monomorium floricola. Solenopsis invicta was part of a complex killing of over 70% of eggs of Heliothis virescens in 24 h on cotton where ratios of predators to prey ranging from 2: 1 to 200: 1 seem able to prevent significant pest damage. On sugar cane, over 90% of eggs and small larvae of Castnia licus and 92% of eggs of Eldana saccharina were killed by ants. Pheidole spp. are major predators in complexes that can kill over 95% of eggs of Alabama argillacea and some 80% of Diabrotica spp. eggs in the soil (Way & Khoo, 1992). Therefore, ants alone or as an important part of predator complex can cause very large mortalities of eggs and so can contribute importantly to natural control (Jaffe et al., 1990).
    [Show full text]
  • Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae)
    2018 ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA 58(1): 207–226 MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE doi: 10.2478/aemnp-2018-0018 ISSN 1804-6487 (online) – 0374-1036 (print) www.aemnp.eu RESEARCH PAPER Annotated catalogue of the fl ower bugs from India (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae) Chandish R. BALLAL1), Shahid Ali AKBAR2,*), Kazutaka YAMADA3), Aijaz Ahmad WACHKOO4) & Richa VARSHNEY1) 1) National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, India; e-mail: [email protected] 2) Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, 190007 India; e-mail: [email protected] 3) Tokushima Prefectural Museum, Bunka-no-Mori Park, Mukoterayama, Hachiman-cho, Tokushima, 770–8070 Japan; e-mail: [email protected] 4) Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Shopian, Jammu and Kashmir, 192303 India; e-mail: [email protected] *) Corresponding author Accepted: Abstract. The present paper provides a checklist of the fl ower bug families Anthocoridae th 6 June 2018 and Lasiochilidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of India based on literature and newly collected Published online: specimens including eleven new records. The Indian fauna of fl ower bugs is represented by 73 5th July 2018 species belonging to 26 genera under eight tribes of two families. Generic transfers of Blap- tostethus pluto (Distant, 1910) comb. nov. (from Triphleps pluto Distant, 1910) and Dilasia indica (Muraleedharan, 1978) comb. nov. (from Lasiochilus indica Muraleedharan, 1978) are provided. A lectotype is designated for Blaptostethus pluto. Previous, as well as new, distribu-
    [Show full text]
  • Inter and Intraspecificity of Chemical Communication - A
    CHEMICAL ECOLOGY – Inter and Intraspecificity of Chemical Communication - A. Guerrero INTER AND INTRASPECIFICITY OF CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION A. Guerrero Department of Biological Organic Chemistry, Jordi Girona Barcelona, Spain Keywords: Chemical communication, pheromones, interspecificity, intraspecificity, allomones, kairomones, synomones, apneumones. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Terms used in chemical communicaton 2.1 Allelochemics 2.2 Pheromones 3. Interspecific chemical communication 3.1 Allomones 3.2 Kairomones 4. Intraspecific chemical communication 4.1 Lepidoptera pheromones 4.1.1 Bioassays 4.1.2 Biosynthesis 4.2 Male pheromones. The queen butterfly: A case study 4.3 Coleoptera pheromones 4.4 Pheromones of social insects 4.5 Practical uses of pheromones 4.5.1 Monitoring 4.5.2 Mass trapping 4.5.3 Mating disruption Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch 1. IntroductionUNESCO – EOLSS Chemical ecology comprises the study of the interactions of organisms with their environment that are mediated by the chemicals they produce. An important part of these interactionsSAMPLE relates to chemical communication CHAPTERS in animals, the primary mode of information transfer in most groups of organisms. Even in the non-social animals, such as protozoans, annelids, molluscs, nematodes and many arthropods, chemical communication is used for a variety of purposes such as location of prey, avoidance of predators, sending signals to the same or different species for mating or aggregation, etc. The sophistication of this communication system is particularly high in those social insects and mammals that live as interacting groups of individuals in colonies or societies. In fact, the diversity of behavioral and physiological responses induced in many insects upon reception of chemical messages emitted by other insects of the same species may have been in large part the main factor for the evolution of high levels of ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) CHEMICAL ECOLOGY – Inter and Intraspecificity of Chemical Communication - A.
    [Show full text]
  • Intraguild Predation of Orius Niger (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on Trichogramma Evanescens (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 114: 609–613, 2017 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2017.074 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Intraguild predation of Orius niger (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on Trichogramma evanescens (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) SERKAN PEHLİVAN, ALİCAN KURTULUŞ, TUĞCAN ALINÇ and EKREM ATAKAN Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural Faculty, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Key words. Hemiptera, Anthocoridae, Orius niger, Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae, Trichogramma evanescens, intraguild predation, Ephestia kuehniella, biological control Abstract. Intraguild predation of a generalist predator, Orius niger Wolff (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on Trichogramma evane- scens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), was determined in choice and no-choice experiments using a factitious host, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), under laboratory conditions. Choice and no-choice experiments were conducted in order to assess the level of intraguild predation of O. niger on E. kuehniella eggs parasitized by T. evanescens. In no-choice experiments, approximately 50 sterile (1) non-parasitized, (2) 3-day-old parasitized, or (3) 6-day-old parasitized E. kuehniella eggs were offered to 24-h-old females of O. niger in glass tubes. In choice experiments approximately 25 eggs of two of the three groups mentioned above were offered to 24-h-old O. niger females. In both choice and no-choice experiments, O. niger consumed more non-parasitized eggs of E. kuehniella. However, intraguild predation occurred, especially of 3-day-old para- sitoids, but very few 6-day-old parasitized eggs were consumed. The preference index was nearly 1 indicating O.
    [Show full text]