DOCSLIB.ORG

1. Padil Species Factsheet Scientific Name: Common Name Image

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1. Padil Species Factsheet Scientific Name: Common Name Image 1. PaDIL Species Factsheet Scientific Name: Cadra cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae: Phycitini) Common Name Almond Moth Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/maf-border/Pest/Main/141601 Image Library New Zealand Biosecurity Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/maf-border/ Partners for New Zealand Biosecurity image library Landcare Research — Manaaki Whenua http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/ MPI (Ministry for Primary Industries) http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/ 2. Species Information 2.1. Details Specimen Contact: MAF Plant Health & Environment Laboratory - [email protected] Author: MAF Plant Health & Environment Laboratory Citation: MAF Plant Health & Environment Laboratory (2011) Almond Moth(Cadra cautella)Updated on 3/20/2014 Available online: PaDIL - http://www.padil.gov.au Image Use: Free for use under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY- NC 4.0) 2.2. URL Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/maf-border/Pest/Main/141601 2.3. Facets Commodity Overview: Horticulture Commodity Type: Stored product Distribution: 0 Unknown Status: NZ - Exotic Groups: Moths Host Family: 0 Unknown Pest Status: 0 Unknown 2.4. Other Names Cadra defectella Walker, 1864 Cryptoblabes formosella Wileman & South, 1918 Dried Currant Moth Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) Ephestia irakella Amsel, 1959 Ephestia passulella Barrett, 1875 Ephestia pelopis Turner, 1947 Ephestia rotundatella Turati, 1930 Fig Moth Nephopterix passulella (Barret, 1875) Nephopteryx desuetella Walker, 1866 Pempelia cautella Walker, 1863 Tropical Warehouse Moth 2.5. Diagnostic Notes **Adult** Forewing greyish brown; postmedian and antemedian fasciae darker brown, often indistinct; discal spot faint; terminal line whitish. Hindwing white; veins, terminal line and cilia greyish brown. Head, thorax and abdomen greyish brown; antennae simple, filiform. **Egg** Oval with slight projection at one end; surface with strong, regular, star-shaped sculpturing; greyish white, becoming pinkish. Up to 350 ova, scattered irregularly over the foodstuff **Larva** Head reddish brown with two dark brown patches on either side; body pink or yellowish white; peritreme of spiracles yellowish brown; setae yellowish brown, on distinct yellowish or reddish brown pinacula; prothoracic and anal plates and parts of thoracic legs yellowish or reddish brown. **Pupa** Yellowish brown or reddish brown; spiracles slightly raised; cremaster rounded, with eight fine, hooked setae. **References** - Carter, D.J. (1984). _Pest Lepidoptera of Europe with special reference to the British Isles_. In: Spencer, K.A. (ed.), Series Entomologica 31. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 431 pp. 2.6. References - Carter, D.J. (1984). _Pest Lepidoptera of Europe with special reference to the British Isles_. In: Spencer, K.A. (ed.), Series Entomologica 31. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 431 pp. 2.7. Web Links CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences - Australian Moths Online: http://www.ento.csiro.au/gallery/moths/Cadracautella/cadra_cautella_01 3. Diagnostic Images LEP70 LEP70 Dorsal - Adult: Caroline Harding MAF Headside - Adult: Caroline Harding MAF LEP70 LEP70 Headtop - Adult: Caroline Harding MAF Lateral - Adult: Caroline Harding MAF LEP70 LEP70 Ventral - Adult: Caroline Harding MAF Wing - Adult: Caroline Harding MAF 4. Other Images LEP70 LEP70 Dorsal - Larvae: Caroline Harding MAF Headfront - Larvae: Caroline Harding MAF LEP70 LEP70 Headside - Larvae: Caroline Harding MAF Lateral - Larvae: Caroline Harding MAF LEP70 LEP70 Pro-legs - Larvae: Caroline Harding MAF Ventral - Larvae: Caroline Harding MAF Results Generated: Wednesday, September 29, 2021 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Attract-And-Kill Methods for Control of Indianmeal Moth
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by SHAREOK repository ATTRACT-AND-KILL METHODS FOR CONTROL OF INDIANMEAL MOTH, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), AND COMPARISONS WITH OTHER PHEROMONE-BASED CONTROL METHODS By MANUEL CAMPOS-FIGUEROA Bachelor of Science in Entomology and Plant Pathology Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Chapingo, State of México, México 1996 Master of Science in Entomology Colegio de Postgraduados Montecillos, State of México, México 1999 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May, 2009 ATTRACT-AND-KILL METHODS FOR CONTROL OF INDIANMEAL MOTH, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), AND COMPARISONS WITH OTHER PHEROMONE-BASED CONTROL METHODS Dissertation Approved: Dr. Thomas W. Phillips Dissertation Adviser Dr. Mark E. Payton Dr. Jack W. Dillwith Dr. Brad Kard Dr. A. Gordon Emslie Dean of the Graduate College ii PREFACE I want to extend my gratitude to my major advisor and mentor Dr. Thomas W. Phillips for his time and support given to me during my Ph.D. studies. Also, I appreciate Dr. Phillips for considering me part of your research team. You are an example to follow, a great scientist, a great person and always looking for a solution. I am grateful with Dr. Jack W. Dillwith for being an excellent professor and committee member. Dr. Dillwith has always been very helpful and gave me good suggestions that improved this research. Thank you for being such a great support during all this time.
    [Show full text]
  • ON CRYPTOBLABES GNIDIELLA and ALIENA1 (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae : Phycitinae)
    Pacific Insects 14 (2) : 433 20 August 1972 ON CRYPTOBLABES GNIDIELLA AND ALIENA1 (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae : Phycitinae) By Elwood C. Zimmerman2 In Insects of Hawaii 8 : 363, 1958, I wrote that Cryptoblabes aliena Swezey is an "Im­ migrant, but source not determined. First noticed in Hawaii by Swezey in 1905." The problem of the source of the moth in Hawaii is solved by the following synonymy and details : Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliere). Ephestia Gnidiella Milliere, Iconographie et Description de chenilles et LSpidopteres inSdits 2: 308, pl. 83, figs. 4-9, 1867 (sometimes wrongly cited as 1864, which is the date on the title page but which applies only to part of the work). Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliere) Ragonot, Monographie des Phycitinae et des Galleriinae. In: N. M. Romanoff's Memoires sur les LSpidopteres 7 : 16, 1893. Heinrich, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 207: 10, figs. 1, 132, 639, 1956. Cryptoblabes aliena Swezey, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Assoc. Exp. Sta., Ent. Bull. 6: 24, pl. 4, figs. 4-7, 1909. Zimmerman, Insects of Hawaii 8: 360, figs. 298-300, 1958. New synonym. Cryptoblabes gnidiella was described from France, and it is now widely dispersed about the warmer parts of the world. It has been reported from Eurasia, Africa, Malaysia and America, whence it was first recorded by Dyar in 1915 (Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 3 : 88) from specimens collected in Bermuda. My manuscript for the pyralid volume of Insects of Hawaii was mostly written before the appearance of Heinrich's 1956 monograph, and although I added various details from his publication before my book was published, the fact that Heinrich (p.
    [Show full text]
  • Methods and Work Profile
    REVIEW OF THE KNOWN AND POTENTIAL BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS OF PHYTOPHTHORA AND THE LIKELY IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES JANUARY 2011 Simon Conyers Kate Somerwill Carmel Ramwell John Hughes Ruth Laybourn Naomi Jones Food and Environment Research Agency Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ 2 CONTENTS Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 8 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 13 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 13 1.2 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 15 2. Review of the potential impacts on species of higher trophic groups .................... 16 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.2 Methods ............................................................................................................................. 16 2.3 Results ............................................................................................................................... 17 2.4 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 44 3. Review of the potential impacts on ecosystem services .......................................
    [Show full text]
  • Grapholita Molesta
    หนา้ ๑๗ เลม่ ๑๓๖ ตอนพิเศษ ๒๐ ง ราชกิจจานุเบกษา ๒๒ มกราคม ๒๕๖๒ ประกาศกรมวิชาการเกษตร เรื่อง เงื่อนไขการนาเข้าผลสาลี่สดจากสาธารณรัฐเกาหลี (ฉบับที่ ๒) พ.ศ. 2561 อาศัยอ านาจตามความในมาตรา ๘ (๒) และมาตรา ๑๐ แห่งพระราชบัญญัติกักพืช พ.ศ. ๒๕๐๗ ซึ่งแก้ไขเพิ่มเติมโดยพระราชบัญญัติกักพืช (ฉบับที่ ๓) พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๑ อธิบดี กรมวิชาการเกษตรโดยค าแนะน าของคณะกรรมการกักพืช จึงออกประกาศเงื่อนไขการน าเข้าผลสาลี่สด เพื่อการค้าจากสาธารณรัฐเกาหลี ดังต่อไปนี้ ข้อ ๑ ประกาศนี้เรียกว่า “ประกาศกรมวิชาการเกษตร เรื่อง เงื่อนไขการน าเข้าผลสาลี่สด จากสาธารณรัฐเกาหลี (ฉบับที่ ๒) พ.ศ. 2561” ข้อ ๒ ประกาศนี้ให้ใช้บังคับตั้งแต่วันถัดจากวันประกาศในราชกิจจานุเบกษาเป็นต้นไป ข้อ ๓ ให้ยกเลิกรายชื่อศัตรูพืชกักกันของราชอาณาจักรไทยส าหรับผลสาลี่สด จากสาธารณรัฐเกาหลี ตามเอกสารแนบท้ายประกาศในข้อ ๔ ของประกาศกรมวิชาการเกษตร เรื่อง เงื่อนไขการน าเข้าผลสาลี่สดจากสาธารณรัฐเกาหลี พ.ศ. 2561 และให้ใช้รายชื่อศัตรูพืชกักกัน ของราชอาณาจักรไทยส าหรับผลสาลี่สดจากสาธารณรัฐเกาหลี ตามเอกสารแนบท้ายประกาศนี้แทน ประกาศ ณ วันที่ 24 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๑ เสริมสุข สลักเพ็ชร์ อธิบดีกรมวิชาการเกษตร -๑- เอกสารแนบ รายชื่อศัตรูพืชกักกันของผลสาลี่สดจากสาธารณรัฐเกาหลี แนบท้ายประกาศกรมวิชาการเกษตร เรื่อง เงื่อนไขการน าเข้าผลสาลี่สดจากสาธารณรัฐเกาหลี พ.ศ. 2561 ชื่อวิทยาศาสตร์ ชื่อสามัญ แมลง Order Coleoptera Family Attelabidae Rhynchites foveipennis Korean pear weevil Rhynchites heros peach curculio Order Hemiptera Family Aphididae Eriosoma lanigerum woolly pear aphid Hyalopterus pruni mealy plum aphid Family Coccidae Ceroplastes japonicus tortoise wax scale Parthenolecanium corni European fruit lecanium Family Diaspididae
    [Show full text]
  • Efficacy of Pheromones for Managing of the Mediterranean Flour Moth
    12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) in Berlin, Germany, October 7-11, 2018 HOSSEININAVEH, V., BANDANI, A.R., AZMAYESHFARD, P., HOSSEINKHANI, S. UND M. KAZZAZI, 2007. Digestive proteolytic and amylolytic activities in Trogoderma granarium Everts (Dermestidae: Coleoptera). J. Stored Prod. Res., 43: 515-522. ISHAAYA, I. UND R. HOROWITZ, 1995. Pyriproxyfen, a novel insect growth regulator for controlling whiteflies. Mechanism and resistance management. Pestic. Sci., 43: 227–232. ISHAAYA, I., BARAZANI, A., KONTSEDALOV, S. UND A.R. HOROWITZ, 2007. Insecticides with novel mode of action: Mechanism, selectivity and cross-resistance. Entomol. Res., 37: 148-152. IZAWA, Y., M. UCHIDA, T. SUGIMOTO AND T. ASAI, 1985. Inhibition of Chitin Biosynthesis by buprofezin analogs in relation to their activity controlling Nilaparvata lugens. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 24: 343-347. KLJAJIC, P. UND I. PERIC, 2007. Effectiveness of wheat-applied contact insecticide against Sitophilus granarius (L.) originating from different populations. J. Stored Prod. Res., 43: 523-529. KONNO, T., 1990. Buprofezin: A reliable IGR for the control of rice pests. Soci. Chem. Indus., 23: 212 - 214. KOSTYUKOVSKY, M. UND A. TROSTANETSKY, 2006. The effect of a new chitin synthesis inhibitor, novaluron, on various developmental stages ofTribolium castaneum (Herbst). J. Stored Prod. Res., 42: 136-148. KOSTYUKOVSKY, M., CHEN, B., ATSMI, S. UND E. SHAAYA, 2000. Biological activity of two juvenoids and two ecdysteroids against three stored product insects. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 30: 891-897. LIANG, P., CUI, J.Z., YANG, X.Q. UND X.W. GAO, 2007. Effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and carboxylesterase activity in Bemisia tabaci biotype B and greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum.
    [Show full text]
  • Persistence of Mating Suppression of the Indian Meal Moth Plodia Interpunctella in the Presence and Absence of Commercial Mating Disruption Dispensers
    insects Article Persistence of Mating Suppression of the Indian Meal Moth Plodia interpunctella in the Presence and Absence of Commercial Mating Disruption Dispensers Leanage K. W. Wijayaratne 1 and Charles S. Burks 2,* 1 Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; [email protected] 2 USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 September 2020; Accepted: 10 October 2020; Published: 14 October 2020 Simple Summary: A novel assay system was used to facilitate replicated studies examining the impact of commercial mating disruption dispensers on Plodia interpunctella. Both direct and indirect exposure to passive mating disruption dispensers for as little as 2 h suppressed mating throughout the rest of a 10 h scotophase. This is the first direct evidence that for P. interpunctella, transient exposure to commercial mating disruption dispensers is sufficient to suppress male orientation to females without re-exposure to the mating disruption dispensers. An improved understanding of mechanisms for mating disruption can improve both development of future products and how current products are used. Abstract: The Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is controlled by commercial mating disruption dispensers using passive release to emit high concentrations (relative to females or monitoring lures) of their principal sex pheromone component, (9Z,12E)-tetradecadienyl acetate. Since P. interpunctella is sexually active throughout the scotophase, an assay system was developed to determine the importance of direct interaction of the male with the dispenser, and whether exposure to mating disruption early in the night is sufficient to suppress mating throughout the night.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) New to Korea
    Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. Vol. 31, No. 1: 46-50, January 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2015.31.1.046 Short communication Two Species of Phycitinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) New to Korea Mujie Qi, Yang-Seop Bae* Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea ABSTRACT Two species of Phycitinae, Rabiria rufimaculella (Yamanaka, 1993) and Copamyntis martimella Kirpichnikova & Yamanaka, 2002, are reported for the first time from Korea. Rabiria rufimaculella can be recognized by having two reddish-yellow and short bands near the postmedial and antemedial line, and by the bifurcate gnathos and the cornutus which is formed by numerous thorn-shaped sclerites in male genitalia. Copamyntis martimella can be distinguished with the congeners by the uniformly distributed setae on the sacculus and the curved aedeagus in male genitalia and the peanut-shaped signum near the middle of the corpus bursae in female genitalia. The adults and genitalia of the species are redescribed and illustrated. Keywords: Pyralidae, Phycitinae, Rabiria, Copamyntis, new records, Korea INTRODUCTION SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS The Phycitinae are one of the largest subfamilies of the family Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758 Pyralidae in Lepidoptera, comprising approximately 5,000 Family Pyralidae Latreille, 1809 species in the world (Li and Ren, 2009). Leech and South Subfamily Phycitinae Ragonot, 1885 (1901) first reported 3 species of Phycitini from the Korean Genus Rabiria Heinrich, 1956 Peninsula; Okamoto (1924), Shibuya (1927), Park and Lee Rabiria Heinrich, 1956: 311. TS: Microphycita conops (1958), Park (1976, 1983, 1993), Byun et al. (1997), Choi et Dyar, 1914.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dietetics of the Caterpillars of Three Ephestia Species, E. Kuehniella, E. Elutella, and E. Cautella, and of a Closely Related Species, Plodia Interpunctella
    [ 162] THE DIETETICS OF THE CATERPILLARS OF THREE EPHESTIA SPECIES, E. KUEHNIELLA, E. ELUTELLA, AND E. CAUTELLA, AND OF A CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES, PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA BY G. FRAENKEL AND M. BLEWETT, Department of Zoology and Applied Entomology, Imperial College, London, S'.W. 7 {Received 14 November 1945) (With Twelve Text-figures) In the course of a previous analysis of the dietetics of great number of individual tests it was not found several insects found on dried foods (Fraenkel & practicable to grow each caterpillar singly. Each test Blewett, 1943 a), it was discovered that the larva of was performed with twenty larvae. When the larvae Ephestia kuehnieUa, which normally feeds on flour, were fully grown and started wandering, a strip of grew badly, unlike the larvae of several beetles, 00 corrugated paper, about 2x1 in., was inserted into artificial diets consisting of casein, glucose, cholesterol each tube. Most larvae of the three Ephestia species, and salts and the moths failed to emerge. Later the but not of Plodia, pupated in the folds of the corru- investigation was extended to E. elutella, which is gated paper. By holding the papers toward the light known to infest such divergent materials as grain, it was possible to distinguish the darker and shorter tobacco, cacao beans and dried fruit. E. elutella grew pupa from the larva, and this method had also the fairly well on artificial diets, but again the moths additional advantage that the dates of pupation could failed to emerge from the pupae. Here the work was be marked on the papers. Plodia pupated inside the held up until it was discovered that Ephestia required, food and not in papers, which made it impossible to for successful growth and metamorphosis, fat- observe the date of pupation.
    [Show full text]
  • Ephestia Welseriella and Delplanqueia Inscriptella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Phycitinae), New to the Belgian Fauna
    Ephestia welseriella and Delplanqueia inscriptella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Phycitinae), new to the Belgian fauna Dan Slootmaekers, Chris Snyers & Steve Wullaert Abstract. In 2015 and 2016 several specimens of Ephestia welseriella (Zeller, 1848) were trapped in Rochefort and three specimens of Delplanqueia inscriptella (Duponchel, 1837) were found at Han-sur-Lesse (both Namur, Belgium). These are the first records of these species in Belgium. Information on the geographical distribution and biology of both species is provided as well as an examination of the genitalia of D. inscriptella. Samenvatting. In 2015 en 2016 werden enkele exemplaren van Ephestia welseriella (Zeller, 1848) gevangen te Rochefort (Namen, België) en drie exemplaren van Delplanqueia inscriptella (Duponchel, 1837) werden gevonden te Han-sur-Lesse (beide Namen, België). Het is de eerste keer dat deze soorten in België werden waargenomen. Informatie over de geografische verspreiding en de biologie van beide soorten wordt gegeven samen met een beschrijving van de genitalia van D. inscriptella. Résumé. En 2015 et 2016 quelques exemplaires d’Ephestia welseriella (Zeller, 1848) ont été capturés à Rochefort et trois exemplaires de Delplanqueia inscriptella (Duponchel, 1837) ont été trouvés à Han-sur-Lesse (les deux Namur, Belgique). Il s'agît des premières mentions de ces espèces en Belgique. Des informations concernant la distribution géographique et la biologie des deux espèces sont fournies ainsi qu’une investigation des genitalia de D. inscriptella. Key words: Ephestia welseriella – Delplanqueia inscriptella – Faunistics – Lepidoptera– New record – Belgium. Slootmaekers D.: Kinderwelzijnstraat 41, 2920 Kalmthout. [email protected] Snyers C.: Rendierstraat 14/2, 2610 Wilrijk. [email protected] Wullaert S.: Sint-Jorisstraat 24, 3583 Paal.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Insect Species Which May Be Tallgrass Prairie Specialists
    Conservation Biology Research Grants Program Division of Ecological Services © Minnesota Department of Natural Resources List of Insect Species which May Be Tallgrass Prairie Specialists Final Report to the USFWS Cooperating Agencies July 1, 1996 Catherine Reed Entomology Department 219 Hodson Hall University of Minnesota St. Paul MN 55108 phone 612-624-3423 e-mail [email protected] This study was funded in part by a grant from the USFWS and Cooperating Agencies. Table of Contents Summary.................................................................................................. 2 Introduction...............................................................................................2 Methods.....................................................................................................3 Results.....................................................................................................4 Discussion and Evaluation................................................................................................26 Recommendations....................................................................................29 References..............................................................................................33 Summary Approximately 728 insect and allied species and subspecies were considered to be possible prairie specialists based on any of the following criteria: defined as prairie specialists by authorities; required prairie plant species or genera as their adult or larval food; were obligate predators, parasites
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    UNIVERSITY THOUGHT doi:10.5937/univtho7-15336 Publication in Natural Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2017, pp. 1-27. Original Scientific Paper A CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE OF THE BALKAN LEPIDOPTERA. SOME PYRALOIDEA (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE & PYRALIDAE) ENCOUNTERED RECENTLY IN SOUTHERN SERBIA, MONTENEGRO, THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA AND ALBANIA COLIN W. PLANT1*, STOYAN BESHKOV2, PREDRAG JAKŠIĆ3, ANA NAHIRNIĆ2 114 West Road, Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire, CM23 3QP, England 2National Museum of Natural History, Sofia, Bulgaria 3Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Priština, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia ABSTRACT Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera: Crambidae & Pyralidae) were sampled in the territories of southern Serbia, Montenegro, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Albania on a total of 53 occasions during 2014, 2016 and 2017. A total of 173 species is reported here, comprising 97 Crambidae and 76 Pyralidae. Based upon published data, 29 species appear to be new to the fauna of Serbia, 5 species are new to the fauna of Macedonia and 37 are new to the fauna of Albania. The data are discussed. Keywords: Faunistics, Serbia, Montenegro, Republic of Macedonia, Albania, Pyraloidea, Pyralidae, Crambidae. of light trap. Some sites were visited on more than one occasion; INTRODUCTION others were sampled once only. Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera: Crambidae and Pyralidae) have As a by-product of this work, all remaining material from been examined in detail in the neighbouring territory of the the traps was returned to Sofia where Dr Boyan Zlatkov was Republic of Bulgaria and the results have been published by one given the opportunity to extract the Tortricoidea. The remaining of us (Plant, 2016). That work presented data for the 386 species material was retained and sent by post to England after the end of and 3 additional subspecies known from that country.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]