Keeping Youth DRUG FREE Keeping Youth DRUG FREE U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Center for Substance Abuse Prevention Acknowledgments Electronic Access and Copies of Publication This publication was prepared for the Substance This publication may be downloaded or ordered at Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration http://store.samhsa.gov. Or call SAMHSA’s Store (SAMHSA) by the Center for Substance Abuse at 1-877-SAMHSA-7 (1-877-726-4727) Prevention (CSAP) under contract number (English and Español). HHSS277201600001C, with SAMHSA, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Recommended Citation David Lamont Wilson served as the Government Project Officer. Keeping Youth Drug Free. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 17-3772. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disclaimer Services Administration, 2017. The views, opinions, and content of this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect Originating Office the views, opinions, or policies of SAMHSA or HHS. SAMHSA complies with applicable Federal civil rights Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance laws and does not discriminate on the basis of race, Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, color, national origin, age, disability, or sex. SAMHSA 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857. cumple con las leyes federales de derechos civiles HHS Publication No. (SMA) 17-3772. aplicables y no discrimina por motivos de raza, color, First printed 2002. Revised 2017. nacionalidad, edad, discapacidad o sexo. Public Domain Notice All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission from SAMHSA. Citation of the source is appreciated. However, this publication may not be reproduced or distributed for a fee without the specific, written authorization of the Office of Communications, SAMHSA, HHS. YOU HOLD THE KEY TO YOUR CHILD’S FUTURE. Few things worry parents, grandparents, and other caregivers more than the prospect of children using alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs. They know youth under their charge spend many hours each day out of their sight and are subject to influences they can’t control. Youth may be encouraged by their peers to try marijuana, try inhalants, or misuse prescription drugs. Media often link alcohol use with fun and excitement and with being popular and sophisticated. Dangers seem to lurk everywhere. 1 WHAT TO KNOW AND WHAT TO DO Your 16-year-old may be taller than you and faster than you at certain tasks, but his brain will still be developing when he’s in his early twenties. From age 13 to 25, the young brain is intensively shaped and reshaped based on its experiences. Connections within the brain that are used a lot become stronger while those that are not used much get weaker. That’s why it’s vital for youth to get involved in challenging intellectual, athletic, and social activities—it will do their brains good for the rest of their lives. The last region of the brain to develop is the pre-frontal cortex which governs judgment. Teens have a lot of energy and emotion, but without the ability to predict outcomes and plan accordingly, they can make choices such as using drugs and alcohol that will hurt them for life. 2 In 2016, 1.9 million youth ages 12-17 The good news is that you can influence reported using illicit drugs and 2.3 million whether or not your child uses alcohol used alcohol in the past month, with more or drugs. Taking a clear stand against than half of those youth reporting binge substance use by talking with children drinking. Each day, about 3,300 youth early is a good place to start. The majority try marijuana for the first time and about of adolescents who start drinking do so 6,300 try alcohol for the first time.1 when they are in the 7th or 8th grade and are about 13-14 years old.2 That’s The long-term effects of early alcohol and why parents, caregivers, teachers, and illicit drug use are even more alarming. others should start talking with children Multiple studies have found associations about alcohol use well before the teen between early initiation of alcohol or illicit years and should continue talking drug use (for example, in adolescence) throughout adolescence. What’s more, and an increased likelihood of developing the sooner you talk to your children about substance use disorders. alcohol, the greater chance you have of Recent years have brought heartening influencing their decisions about drinking. news with fewer youth using harmful Studies have shown that parents have a substances. However, with many teens still significant influence on young people’s using alcohol and illicit substances, our job decisions about alcohol, especially when in keeping youth alcohol-and drug-free, parents create supportive and nurturing safe, and healthy is far from done. environments in which their children can make their own decisions. 1 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2017). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. (HHS Publication No. SMA 17-5044, NSDUH Series H-52). Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/samhsa-data-outcomes-quality/major-data- collections/reports-detailed-tables-2016-NSDUH 2 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General. (2007).The Surgeon General’s call to action to prevent and reduce underage drinking. Retrieved from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/calls/underage-drinking-educator-guide.pdf 3 Watching and supporting a youth’s ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN emotional well-being is another important GOOD COMMUNICATION WITH way for parents to reduce the odds of YOUR CHILD. their child using harmful substances. Talk with your child every day—but most Ties between substance use and mental importantly, listen. We all need to be health problems are strong. Youth who heard and understood. Listen especially experience a major depressive episode for the feelings behind your child’s words. are more likely to engage in illicit drug Is the child in your care frightened, lonely, use and more likely to smoke cigarettes depressed or hurt? every day. They also are more likely Suppose your 13-year-old daughter to be dependent on or use illicit drugs says flatly, “Emily is having a party and or alcohol. Madison and Chloe are invited, but I’m Here are some steps you can take to not.” She doesn’t look sad, so you don’t help the child you love reject illicit drugs think much of it and reply, “That’s good and alcohol. because we really need to get some errands done anyway.” What if your daughter was in fact very hurt about not being invited to the party? She may be more upset than she realizes. After a series of conversations like this with you, she may start to keep more things to herself and seem to have less to say. With less of a connection with 4 you, she will need to seek gratification elsewhere and be more subject to peer pressures, as she searches for a place to belong and to have her emotional needs met. What if you had instead responded with “Oh, honey, it must feel awful not to be invited when all your friends are going. I’m so sorry.” Your daughter may then open up and admit that she feels terrible and begin to cry. The tears will release her sadness, and she’ll walk away feeling better and glad that she talked to you. Your relationship will become stronger—and that strong relationship with you is her best protection against substance misuse. If you are successful in opening lines of communication with your child about routine matters, she will be more likely to talk to you about serious issues. GET INVOLVED IN YOUR ● Spend at least 15 minutes a day doing CHILD’S LIFE. an age-appropriate activity that your child enjoys, such as reading a book, Young people are much less likely to use watching a TV program together, riding drugs when they have caring adults in bikes, going to the library, or playing their lives and interesting activities to a game. keep them busy, happy, and productive. ● Do something special together each week, such as going for a walk or searching on the Internet for information about a topic you both find interesting. ● Recognize good behavior consistently and immediately. Make the extra effort to catch your child being good. ● Use meal times as an opportunity to share news of the day or to discuss current affairs. By being involved, you will notice when your child is under stress or needs extra attention. 6 MAKE CLEAR RULES AND BE A POSITIVE ROLE MODEL. ENFORCE THEM CONSISTENTLY. Children learn by watching you. If you If you let your child know that you don’t make yourself a drink to deal with approve of him using alcohol, tobacco, or disappointment or anger, they notice. If drugs, he is less likely to do it. You can: you tell your son not to smoke, but then ask him to get you an ashtray from the ● Discuss why tobacco, illicit drugs, and cupboard, he notices that, too. underage drinking are not acceptable. Children can understand that adults have ● Make sure your child is clear about privileges they don’t have, because adults your rules. assume responsibilities that children ● Lay out what the consequences will don’t. But if your kids see you misusing be if your rules are broken, and follow substances, you are setting an example through if they are.