YOUTH EMPLOYMENT in the AFRICAN PRIVATE SECTOR Survey Results

YOUTH EMPLOYMENT IN THE AFRICAN PRIVATE SECTOR Survey Results

May 2020 CONTENTS

01 02 03 04 Introduction Executive summary Deep dive Appendix Country level data

Purpose Approach

While Africa’s economic growth is strong, there is an In April 2020, Oliver Wyman and Junior Achievement Africa urgent need to maximize sustainable growth through surveyed 2,600+ youth across six countries in Africa, utilizing one of its greatest assets; its youth. following a four-step approach: Africa’s youth population is rapidly growing and is expected to reach 830 million by 2050. DESIGN A strong private sector is required to satisfy the large Design survey questions and growing demand of Africa’s youth population. It is critical to capture youth’s perspectives DEPLOY and understand their needs in order to shape Share survey link through distribution channels the private sector of the future. (Social media, JA Africa network, email, WhatsApp) The survey aims to derive insights upon which key ecosystem stakeholders and decision-makers ANALYZE (e.g. government, private sector, NGOs, education institutions) can act to best equip youth for the Analyze survey results and extract key insights ever-changing job market. VALIDATE Hold workshops with private sector and educational institution representatives

4 OLIVER WYMAN IS A GLOBAL MANAGEMENT CONSULTING FIRM WITH EXPERIENCE ACROSS 15+ MARKETS ON THE AFRICAN CONTINENT

Industry knowledge Capabilities More than 30 years of Broad expertise in functional experience in consulting areas, with 400 partners Oliver Wyman Group is part Founded 1984 with leading companies worldwide of Marsh & McLennan Companies, the NYSE traded • Automotive • Sustainability Center $17 BN+ global professional • Aviation, Aerospace & Defense • Actuarial services firm 5,000+ • Business Services • Corporate Finance & Restructuring Colleagues • Communication, Media Oliver Wyman has a long-term & Technology • Digital commitment to Africa and has • Distribution & Wholesale • Operations • Educational • Oliver Wyman Labs worked across the continent • Energy • Organizational Effectiveness over the past 20 years, with US$2.1 BN • Financial Services • Pricing, Sales and Marketing an office in Johannesburg, Revenue (2019) • Health and Life Sciences • Risk Management South Africa • Industrial Products • Service Operations • Public Sector • Strategic Information • Retail & Consumer Products Technology Surface Transportation • Strategy countries • 30 • Travel & Leisure + Brand strategy and design 60 offices Economic advice on competition, + regulation and litigation

5 JUNIOR ACHIEVEMENT AFRICA PROVIDES YOUTH WITH TRAINING PROGRAMS TO BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN CLASSROOM EDUCATION AND THE WORLD OF WORK

Junior Achievement Africa (JA Africa) is a non- profit organization which builds skills and access to employment for youth across Africa. 76 1,692 JA Africa’s mission is to foster social mobility Curricula Teachers and financial inclusion among African youth through financial literacy, improved employability and microenterprise creation.

Since its inception in 1979, JA Africa has built offices in 15 countries and collectively reaches 4.1 MN+ more than 250,000 youth annually. 1,420 Contacts hours Schools Focus areas are entrepreneurship education, workforce readiness and financial literacy.

3,149 255,896 Volunteers Students

6 THE SURVEY REPRESENTS YOUTH’S OPINION ACROSS SIX AFRICAN COUNTRIES

Survey overview Distributed to six countries

Comprised of 20 questions Eswatini covering six topics: • Perception of the private sector Ghana • Future employment options • Industries driving the private sector Kenya • Key deterrents and challenges for youth Nigeria • Perceived skills gap • Workplace readiness South Africa

Zimbabwe

7 MORE THAN 2,600 YOUTH AGED 16–35 PARTICIPATED, AND STUDENTS FORMED THE LARGEST GROUP OF RESPONDENTS Respondent overview

2,650 respondents Gender breakdown

Female 57% Male 43%

Age breakdown

16–20 41% 21–25 34% 26–30 17% 31–35 8%

Occupation breakdown 55%

17% 11% 9% 4% 4%

Student Unemployed Private sector Self-employed Public sector Non-profit employee employee sector employee

8 WE ALSO CONDUCTED THREE VIRTUAL FOCUS GROUPS TO CAPTURE THE REACTION OF THE SURVERY RESULTS

Focus group participants (private sector and educational participants)

• A-League Consult • Mahlubi’s Palette • African Business Centre for • Mombasa County Govt Developing Education • Masawara PLC • African Leadership Academy • Old Mutual Foundation • Agile Communication Group • Project Management Institute • Bantu African Boutique • Post Bank • Bank of America Merrill Lynch • Smiling Through Investment • Citibank • Safaricom Foundation • Cloud Smiths • Vuyis Deli Cakes • Eswatini Youth Enterprise Revolving Fund • Verraki • Eswatini Multi - Media • Venture Garden Group • Ernst and Young • First Capital Bank • FirstRand • Institute of Advanced Technology • Lagos Business School • Lulote BMEP • Lighthouse Projects • Lagos Business School

9 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY KEY 83% 91% 57% INSIGHTS of youth expect the private of youth aspire to start a believe youth typically lack sector to grow in the next business in their country the years of experience African youth have five years required by job opportunities a positive outlook and entrepreneurial aspirations despite facing a number 54% 66% 50% of challenges in of students believe that of employed youth find lack of youth believe there the private sector there is lack of desirable of job security as a key is a shortage of job opportunities for graduates deterrent to the private opportunities in the sector private sector

40% 93% of employed youth see of youth believe they need to update nepotism as a key challenge their current education and skills to in the private sector adapt to the labor market

11 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS FROM FOCUS GROUPS

01 02 03

Educational institutions Private sector Government Curricula needs to be Partner with education sector Partner with private sector and restructured to include: to provide: educational institutions to: • Entrepreneurial courses • Robust training programs • Upgrade public education with practical teaching specifically for graduates curriculum to enhance (e.g. business strategy, workplace readiness • Work experience financing) opportunities (e.g. job (e.g. business knowledge, • Career guidance shadowing, internships) critical thinking) on leveraging skills Provide tax breaks for • Mentoring programs • gained from non-work matching employees employers who support experience (e.g. extra to students education of workers curriculars) • Guidance on graduate roles • Training on job application to tackle misalignment of process (e.g. job search, expectations and reality CV workshops, interview preparation) • Workplace readiness programs integrated in curriculum (e.g. coaching on soft skills such as team building)

12 3 DEEP DIVE Young people are the most precious resource of the region; Africa can only thrive if the young people thrive Mabingue Ngom, United Nations Population Fund Regional Director

14 YOUTH HAVE POSITIVE ATTITUDE TOWARDS PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTION TO THE ECONOMY

High Ghana 76% (92%) of Africa’s youth feel positively about the private sector’s All countries contribution to the (76%) economy

Low South Africa (63%)

15 MOST YOUTH ARE OPTIMISTIC ABOUT THE PRIVATE SECTOR’S GROWTH IN THE FUTURE DESPITE COVID-19

83% 93% of African youth of these youth are expect the private concerned about the sector to grow in impact of COVID-19 on the next 5 years the private sector

16 THOSE WHO ARE NOT OPTIMISTIC STILL SEE THEMSELVES WORKING IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN THE FUTURE

57% of youth who are negative about the growth of the private sector, see themselves working in the private sector in the near future

17 THERE IS A STRONG ASPIRATION AMONGST AFRICAN YOUTH TO START A BUSINESS

91% of youth aspire to start a business in the future The increase in access to information, resources and funding over the last decade 1 in 5 has made entrepreneurship youth see self-employment as their sole job more appealing to youth option in the future Focus group participant

18 EVEN THOSE LESS POSITIVE ABOUT THE FUTURE SHOW STRONG ENTREPENEURIAL DRIVE

Of youth who are not positive about the growth of the private sector in the next five years..

Most young people see 85% themselves as self-employed in the future and this is aspire to start because of the independence, a business in the future control and idea of being in charge

Focus group participant

19 YOUTH PREFER SELF-EMPLOYMENT, MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES AND PUBLIC SECTOR WORK

Which type of employer(s) do you see yourself working for in the near future in your country?

46% Deep dives to follow Being self-employed is 37% perceived as the easiest thing to do after graduation 28% as no one has to assess one’s individual skills and 20% potential; social media also 15%

11% plays a role in making this 8% perception of ease stronger

Focus group participant

Self-employed Multinational Government / Medium - Non-profit Start-ups Family companies Public sector large local sector businesses companies

>=50% >=25% <25%

Note: Results do not sum to 100 as respondents can choose more than one option

20 SOME YOUTH, PARTICULARLY IN NIGERIA, HOPE TO WORK FOR MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES

High Nigeria (58%) 37% While working for an of African youth international company is aspire to work for seen very attractive (stability, multinational good income, growth companies All countries opportunities), it can be very (37%) challenging for youth to get there (difficult screening and interviewing processes)

Focus group participant Low Eswatini (25%)

21 PUBLIC SECTOR WORK IS ALSO AN ATTRACTIVE OPTION FOR SOME YOUTH, PARTICULARLY IN SOUTH AFRICA

High South Africa 28% (42%) of African youth aspire to work for Public sector is a multinational consideration to youth companies All countries (28%) due to its job security and stability

Focus group participant

Low Zimbabwe (11%)

22 YOUTH BELIEVE THAT AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND MINING ARE THE SECTORS WITH THE MOST POTENTIAL

Which industries do you believe have the most potential to be beneficial for the growth of the private sector in your country?

Agriculture, Forestry, & Mining 74%

Technology 36%

Hospitality, Food, Leisure & Travel 32%

Education 30%

Manufacturing & Construction 28%

Transport & Logistics 21%

Healthcare 21%

Media & Creative Industries 20%

Wholesale & Retail Trade 19%

Financial Services 18%

Energy & Utilities 17%

Communications 16%

Real Estate 14% Professional Services (Law, Consulting, Tax etc.) 10% Other 2% >=50% >=25% <25%

Youth also see potential in industries such as Technology, Hospitality, Food, Leisure & Travel, Education and Manufacturing & Construction

Note: Results do not sum to 100 as respondents can choose more than one option

23 YOUTH ARE DISCOURAGED FROM ENGAGING WITH THE PRIVATE SECTOR DUE TO ISSUES SUCH AS LACK OF JOB SECURITY AND LACK OF DESIRABLE OPPORTUNITIES

In your opinion, what are the factors that may discourage youth from working in the private sector?

Lack of job security 54% Youth are quite selective in Lack of desirable opportunities for graduates the roles they want to do; it 48% can be a battle to explain to

Uncompetitive compensation and benefits them how all experience is 27% valuable and that they can

Long working hours grow through the chain, 15% rather than immediately getting their desired position

Focus group participant

Note: Results do not sum to 100 as respondents can choose more than one option

24 STUDENTS IN PARTICULAR, FIND LACK OF DESIRABLE OPPORTUNITIES A KEY DETERRENT

Students can be hesitant to 54% Students apply for jobs that are not aligned to their major or -19% specialty… they should be 35% encouraged to be more open Employees and to focus on gaining skills through different experiences

Focus group participant

…find lack of desirable opportunities as a key deterrent

25 EMPLOYED YOUTH WORRY ABOUT LACK OF JOB SECURITY

66% of Africa’s employed youth find lack of job security a key deterrent to engaging with the private sector

26 YOUTH ALSO BELIEVE THERE IS A SHORTAGE OF JOB OPPORTUNITIES AND FIND THEY LACK THE YEARS OF EXPERIENCE REQUIRED BY AVAILABLE JOBS

In your opinion, what are the challenges/obstacles facing youth who want to work in the private sector?

Lack of the years of experience required by the job 57% Many corporates do not Shortage of job opportunities have structured training 50% programs to train fresh Lack of the skillset required by the job graduates and so would 37% rather hire someone with Lack of knowledge about the available job opportunities more years of work 33% experience Prevalence of preferential treatment to personal connections Focus group participant 28%

Existing private companies prefer foreign talent over local ones 21%

Note: Results do not sum to 100 as respondents can choose more than one option

27 BOTH STUDENTS AND EMPLOYEES ARE CONCERNED ABOUT LACK OF EXPERIENCE

54% Students

61% Employees

…find lack of the years of experience required by the job as a key challenge when trying to work in the private sector

28 MANY EMPLOYED YOUTH BELIEVE NEPOTISM IS A KEY CHALLENGE FACED WHEN TRYING TO WORK IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR

40% of African youth in At times it can be very employment see prevalence challenging for a young of preferential treatment and capable person to personal connections as a key challenge who has no connections, to find engagement with the private sector

Focus group participant

29 YOUTH BELIEVE THEY HAVE THE BIGGEST GAP IN HARD SKILLS SUCH AS DATA SKILLS AND BUSINESS KNOWLEDGE

Leadership & High responsibility

Communication Creativity & We need to Self-efficacy innovation Flexibility & adaptability encourage young Networking & team building people to not just

Analytical & quantitative focus on their thinking Business knowledge academics but on practical skills Languages Focus group participant Data skills

Perceivedrespondents) proficiencyof share (% Perceived skills gap High Perceived importance (% share of respondents)

30 YOUTH BELIEVE WORKPLACE UPSKILLING IS IMPORTANT TO KEEP UP WITH CHANGING REQUIREMENTS OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR

93%

…of youth believe their education and skills needs to be updated in the upcoming years to adapt to ever-changing labor market requirements

31 YOUTH BELIEVE THAT TRAINING PROGRAMS AND INTERNSHIPS PROVIDE THE BEST PREPARATION FOR THE WORK PLACE

12% Formal education 36% 12% Internships Mentor relationships When you compare internships to training programs, internships are quite competitive where as training What do you believe programs (which are virtually open provides the best to all and mostly free of charge) 4% preparation for the have much lower engagement; Self - workplace? …we need to make training teaching programs more attractive to young people to increase participation

Focus group participant

36% Training programs

32 CONTACTS

PAUL CALVEY ELIZABETH BINTLIFF Partner Chief Executive Officer

Financial services, South Africa [email protected] [email protected]

JEFF YOUSSEF SENA GOKA Partner Regional Grants & Programs Manager

Public sector, Middle East [email protected] [email protected]

GREG RUNG Partner

Financial services, Middle East [email protected]

33 4 APPENDIX Country level data APPENDIX NAVIGATOR

Question Country level To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “I have a positive opinion about the private sector’s contribution to my country’s economy”

To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “I expect the private sector in my country to grow in the next 5 years”

Which type of employer do you see yourself working for in the near future?

To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “I aspire to start a business in my country in the future”

Which industries do you believe have the most potential to be beneficial for the growth of the private sector in your country?

In your opinion, what are the factors that may discourage youth from working in the private sector?

In your opinion, what are the key challenges facing youth who want to work in the private sector?

In your opinion, what are the most important skills that private sector employers in your country are looking for? Which of the below skills do you believe you are very proficient or somewhat proficient in? To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “My current education and skills need to be updated in the upcoming years to adapt to ever-changing labor market requirements”

What do you believe provides the best preparation for the workplace?

To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “I am concerned about the impact of COVID-19 (coronavirus) on the private sector in my country"

What worries you the most about the recent COVID-19 (coronavirus) outbreak?

35 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #1: Perception of the Private Sector

To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “I have a positive opinion about the private sector’s contribution to my country’s economy”

ESWATINI GHANA KENYA NIGERIA SOUTH AFRICA ZIMBABWE

Strongly agree 45% 48% 46% 53% 32% 46%

Agree 33% 44% 36% 36% 31% 31%

Neutral 17% 5% 15% 7% 28% 17%

Disagree 4% 2% 2% 2% 7% 4%

Strongly disagree 1% 1% 1% 2% 3% 2%

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108) >=50% >=25% <25%

36 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #1: Perception of the Private Sector

To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “I expect the private sector in my country to grow in the next five years”

ESWATINI GHANA KENYA NIGERIA SOUTH AFRICA ZIMBABWE

Strongly agree 47% 42% 48% 43% 44% 44%

Agree 38% 41% 41% 45% 37% 36%

Neutral 9% 13% 9% 9% 15% 13%

Disagree 5% 3% 2% 3% 3% 6%

Strongly disagree 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1%

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108) >=50% >=25% <25%

37 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #2: Future Employment Options

Which type of employer do you see yourself working for in the near future?

ESWATINI GHANA KENYA NIGERIA SOUTH AFRICA ZIMBABWE

Self-employed 57% 41% 43% 35% 45% 48%

Multinational 25% 42% 29% 58% 38% 36% companies

Public sector 24% 38% 30% 31% 42% 11%

Medium – large 18% 16% 24% 14% 24% 17% local companies

Non-profit sector 10% 16% 19% 20% 10% 19%

Start-ups 8% 21% 12% 14% 8% 13%

Family businesses 8% 6% 8% 5% 9% 9%

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108) >=50% >=25% <25%

38 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #2: Future Employment Options

To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “I aspire to start a business in my country in the future”

ESWATINI GHANA KENYA NIGERIA SOUTH AFRICA ZIMBABWE

Strongly agree 76% 73% 73% 66% 69% 77%

Agree 17% 18% 22% 24% 16% 16%

Neutral 6% 7% 4% 8% 10% 4%

Disagree 0% 2% 1% 1% 3% 1%

Strongly disagree 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1%

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108) >=50% >=25% <25%

39 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #3: Industries Driving the Private Sector

Which industries do you believe have the most potential to be beneficial for the growth of the economy in your country?

ESWATINI GHANA KENYA NIGERIA SOUTH AFRICA ZIMBABWE Agriculture, Forestry, & Mining 83% 82% 66% 76% 65% 81% Technology 29% 49% 32% 52% 38% 29% Hospitality, Food, Leisure & Travel 22% 39% 31% 29% 35% 33% Education 20% 41% 27% 43% 39% 21% Manufacturing & Construction 22% 42% 33% 33% 26% 29% Transport & Logistics 14% 16% 19% 26% 27% 18%

Healthcare 11% 30% 20% 29% 25% 16% Media & Creative Industries 10% 23% 17% 29% 24% 17% Wholesale & Retail Trade 17% 16% 20% 22% 20% 19% Financial Services 13% 25% 17% 24% 21% 13%

Energy & Utilities 10% 25% 17% 27% 14% 19%

Communications 13% 24% 16% 23% 15% 13%

Real Estate 11% 27% 18% 21% 13% 11% Professional Services (Law, Consulting, 5% 10% 6% 8% 18% 7% Tax etc.) Other 2% 0% 1% 1% 2% 1%

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108) >=50% >=25% <25%

40 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #4: Key Deterrents and Challenges for Youth

In your opinion, what are the factors that may discourage youth from working in the private sector?

ESWATINI GHANA KENYA NIGERIA SOUTH AFRICA ZIMBABWE

Lack of job security 51% 57% 64% 68% 47% 54%

Lack of desirable opportunities 46% 44% 41% 41% 57% 48% for graduates

Uncompetitive compensation 21% 31% 23% 41% 25% 27% and benefits

Long working 15% 21% 14% 29% 14% 8% hours

Other 7% 9% 5% 3% 8% 7%

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108) >=50% >=25% <25%

41 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #4: Key Deterrents and Challenges for Youth

In your opinion, what are the key challenges facing youth who want to work in the private sector?

ESWATINI GHANA KENYA NIGERIA SOUTH AFRICA ZIMBABWE Lack of the years of experience required 58% 53% 53% 54% 63% 53% by the job

Shortage of job opportunities 49% 51% 53% 48% 45% 58%

Lack of the skillset required by the job 31% 42% 28% 46% 45% 30%

Lack of knowledge about the available 30% 28% 25% 34% 41% 28% job opportunities Prevalence of preferential treatment to 19% 30% 30% 50% 21% 30% personal connections Existing private companies prefer foreign 19% 22% 19% 32% 22% 17% talent over local ones

Family preference to work in public sector 11% 13% 7% 8% 13% 7%

Other 3% 2% 2% 1% 2% 1%

None 0% 1% 0% 2% 1% 0%

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108) >=50% >=25% <25%

42 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #5: Perceived Skills Gap

Perceived skills gap matrix – ESWATINI

Leadership & High responsibility

Flexibility & adaptability Creativity & Self-efficacy Communication innovation

Networking & team building

Business knowledge Analytical & quantitative thinking

Languages Data skills Perceived proficiency of (% respondents) proficiency share Perceived

High Perceived importance (% share of respondents)

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108)

43 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #5: Perceived Skills Gap

Perceived skills gap matrix – GHANA

Leadership & High responsibility

Self-efficacy Networking & team building Creativity & Flexibility & adaptability innovation Communication Analytical & quantitative thinking

Business knowledge

Data skills Languages Perceived proficiency of (% respondents) proficiency share Perceived

High Perceived importance (% share of respondents)

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108)

44 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #5: Perceived Skills Gap

Perceived skills gap matrix – KENYA

Leadership & High responsibility

Flexibility & adaptability Self-efficacy Creativity & Networking & team building innovation Communication

Analytical & quantitative Business knowledge thinking

Languages Data skills Perceived proficiency of (% respondents) proficiency share Perceived

High Perceived importance (% share of respondents)

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108)

45 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #5: Perceived Skills Gap

Perceived skills gap matrix – NIGERIA

Leadership & High responsibility Self-efficacy Creativity & Communication Networking & team building innovation Flexibility & adaptability Analytical & quantitative thinking

Business knowledge

Data skills

Languages Perceived proficiency of (% respondents) proficiency share Perceived

High Perceived importance (% share of respondents)

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108)

46 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #5: Perceived Skills Gap

Perceived skills gap matrix – SOUTH AFRICA

Leadership & High responsibility

Communication

Self-efficacy Creativity & Flexibility & adaptability innovation Networking & team building Languages Analytical & quantitative Business knowledge thinking

Data skills Perceived proficiency of (% respondents) proficiency share Perceived

High Perceived importance (% share of respondents)

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108)

47 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #5: Perceived Skills Gap

Perceived skills gap matrix – ZIMBABWE

Leadership & High responsibility

Creativity & innovation Self-efficacy Flexibility & adaptability

Communication Networking & team building Analytical & quantitative thinking Business knowledge

Languages Data skills Perceived proficiency of (% respondents) proficiency share Perceived

High Perceived importance (% share of respondents)

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108)

48 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #6: Workplace Readiness

To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “My current education and skills need to be updated in the upcoming years to adapt to ever-changing labor market requirements”

ESWATINI GHANA KENYA NIGERIA SOUTH AFRICA ZIMBABWE

Strongly agree 71% 70% 61% 72% 74% 69%

Agree 23% 22% 31% 26% 19% 22%

Neutral 5% 8% 6% 1% 5% 7%

Disagree 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1%

Strongly disagree 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0%

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108) >=50% >=25% <25%

49 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #6: Workplace Readiness

What do you believe provides the best preparation for the workplace?

ESWATINI GHANA KENYA NIGERIA SOUTH AFRICA ZIMBABWE

Training programs 36% 34% 38% 35% 37% 36%

Internships 36% 44% 36% 43% 30% 37%

Formal education 11% 15% 7% 11% 17% 9%

Mentor 11% 3% 15% 7% 11% 14% relationships

Self-teaching 5% 3% 4% 4% 4% 2%

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108) >=50% >=25% <25%

50 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #7: Impact of Covid-19

To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “I am concerned about the impact of COVID-19 (coronavirus) on the private sector in my country"

ESWATINI GHANA KENYA NIGERIA SOUTH AFRICA ZIMBABWE

Strongly agree 70% 65% 63% 57% 65% 71%

Agree 25% 27% 28% 35% 25% 23%

Neutral 4% 4% 6% 5% 6% 5%

Disagree 1% 2% 1% 3% 3% 1%

Strongly disagree 0% 3% 1% 1% 1% 0%

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108) >=50% >=25% <25%

51 Back to COUNTRY ANALYSIS navigator Topic #7: Impact of Covid-19

What worries you the most about the recent COVID-19 (coronavirus) outbreak?

ESWATINI GHANA KENYA NIGERIA SOUTH AFRICA ZIMBABWE

My country’s 32% 18% 29% 32% 32% 26% economy

The global 38% 26% 23% 36% 21% 31% economy

The health of my 9% 26% 21% 14% 17% 27% family or friends

Future job 10% 11% 9% 8% 18% 6% opportunities

My health 7% 10% 13% 5% 5% 4%

Other 3% 3% 3% 2% 7% 4%

My current job 2% 6% 3% 2% 1% 2%

Note: Eswatini (n=404), Ghana (n=116), Nigeria (n=287), Kenya (n=304), South Africa (n=808), Zimbabwe (n=623), Other (n=108) >=50% >=25% <25%

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