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KUNGL ÖRLOGSMANNA SÄLLSKAPET N:R 5 1954 253 KUNGL ÖRLOGSMANNA SÄLLSKAPET N:r 5 1954 253 Kring några nyförvärv i Kungl. Orlogs- 111annasällskapets bibliotek Av Kommendörkapten GEORG HAFSTRöM. Bland äldre böcker, som_ under de senare åren tillförts Sällskapets bibliotek befinner sig fyra handskrivna volym_er, mottagna såsom gåva från ett sterbhus. Två av dessa här• stammar från slutet av 1700-talet och två från förra hälften av 1800-talet. De är skrivna av tvenne sjöofficerare, resp. far och son, nämligen fänriken vid amiralitetet Michael J a­ rislaf von Bord-. och premiärlöjtnanten vid Kungl. Maj :ts flotta J o han August von Borclc Som de inte sakna sitt in­ tresse vid studiet av förhållandena inom flottan under an­ förda tid utan fastmera bidrager att i sin mån berika vår kännedom om vissa delar av tjänsten och livet inom sjövap• net, må några ord om desamma här vara på sin plats. Först några orienterande data om herrarna von Borclc De tillhör de en gammal pommersk adelssläkt, som under svensktiden såg flera av sina söner ägna sig åt krigaryrket. Ej mindre än 6 von Borekar tillhörde sålunda armen un­ der Karl XII :s dagat·, samtliga dragonofficerare. Och un­ der m itten och senare delen av 1700-talet var 3 medlemmar av ätten officerare vid det i Siralsund garnisonerade Drott­ ningens livregemente. Förmodligen son till den äldste av dessa sistnämnda föd• des Michael Jarislaf von Borck 1758. Han antogs 1786 till arklintästare vid amiralitetet och utnämndes 1790 till fän• rik, P å hösten 1794 begärde han 3 års permission »för att un­ der sitt nuvarande vistande i England vinna all möjlig för• ~<ovr an i metiern». I samband med alt permissionen bevil­ Jades blev för honom en särskild instruktion utfärdad, vari framhölls, att han därunder borde »hälst nyttja örlogsfart» lllen påpekades, alt han dock ej finge träda i fransk tjänst ------ ett förbud, som för övrigt gällde alla svenska officerare efter regimförändringen i Frankrike - ej heller fick han s~ gla på Ostindien. Vidare skulle han när tillfälle gavs av­ ~nva sk riftliga rapporter om sitt vistande och förehavande 19 254 255 samt inberätta gjorda iakttagelser, som kunde gagna sjöv" ina uti »skeppskonstapleriei» för dem, som skulle handha sende~. V_id permission~tide~1s ~~tgån~ ~ll~~ mn_ Sverige l'~: ~rdfl e r iet på flot_tans _fartyg. Under den l!mga tid ~v ett år- kade 1 kr~g, skupe ha_~1 ater mst~lla SJ~ 1 tJal~st 1 Karlskro na 11undraclc som ~~el~ till dc_ss_ det blev Mich~ el Janslaf von Hans vidare oden ar emellertid okanda. Annu ett helt , · ]3orcks tur a~t ~nham~a nodiga ~-mns~\.aper l. dessa ostycke~l, efter det permissionen var till ända, hade han nämligen icP -ynes underv1s111ngen 1 stor utstracknmg ha fotats pa all vHl på något sätt låtit sig avhöra. Sedan svenske min iste rn' ~ ~ id a n av dc muntliga föreläsningarna låta eleverna efter dik­ London på anmodan av flottans myndigheter låtit e fle rs p a~ ta J1l ell verkställa avskrifter av det pensum, som fordrades. na honom, ehuru förgäves, blev han därför struken ur rn\. Den av den framstående artillcril,:aptencn vid amiralitetet lorna på senhösten 1798. Daniel Grundell författade läroboken »0Jödig underrättelse Tre ättlingar till honom har likaledes tillhört flottan. Ban oJll artillerie t till lands och sjöss» (tr. 1705) har uppenbarli­ efterlämnade bl a två söner, som båda blev sjöofficerare gen därvid fått ligga till grund för vad läromästarna meddc­ nämligen ovannämnde Johan August von Bord:, född i S tra]~ Jad e åt sina dis<.:iplar. Ovanligt var för övrigt ej, att dessa sund 1787, samt Alexander Olof von Borck, född i Karlskro. handskrivna anteckningar stundom vid beh~v bylte ägare. na 1792. Det är likväl givet, att under denna långa tidrymd vissa av A v dessa antogs J oh an August 1797 till skeppsgosse, hley utvecklingen - även om denna gick långsamt nog på den ti­ 1803 liksom fadern arklimästare, utnämndes till underlöjt• den - betingade förbättringar eller skall man säga moder­ nant vid örlogsflottan 1813 och blev slutligen premierlöj t­ niseringar av Grundeils arbete kom att se dagens ljus. Så• nant vid K. M:ts flotta 1824. År 18Ll3 erhöll h an - något so:n lunda författade vid mitten av 1750-talet den dåvarande in­ här är av intresse - befattningen som chef för 5 :te kro­ formationsofficeren vid skolan, kommendörkaptenen vid noarbetskarlskompaniet i Karlskrona. Han avled 18 15. feuerverkct i Karlskrona Jonas Tornquist arbetet »Sjöartille• Brodern Alexander Olof von Borck inskrevs som skepps­ riet ell er nödig underrättelse om artilleriet till sjöss», som gosse 1804, blev arklimästare 1809, underlöjtnant vid ii rlogs­ ansågs såsom »det bästa i ämnet på svenskt tungomål» och flottan 1816 och slutligen kaptenlöjtnant vid K. M:ts flo tt a kom. att för decennier framåt bli rättesnöret för undervis­ 1841, fick avsked 1847 och dog 1862. ningen. En son till Johan August von Borck slutligen, vid namn Granskar man såväl uppställning som detaljinnehåll i den August Jaroslaw von Borclc (1820- 1894), gjorde sina första utskrift som von Borclc verkställt i sin »frågebok», så finner lärospån inom flottan likaledes såsom artilleriundc ro ff i~er man snart, att den företer bestämda liknelser med den Torn­ och utnämndes till underlöjtnant vid Sjöartillerh·egcmcntet quistska förlagan, ehuru omfånget ej är så fylligt och ord­ 1842. När detta omorganiserades tre år senare under namn valet - ~lclvi s är ett annat. Texten är sålunda genomgående av Marinregementet, övergick han dit och steg där till kap­ u_p~Js t alld såsom frågor och svar, allt numrer::~t i löpande ten 1863. folJd . Dc fyra huvuddelarna ha i von B :s bok rubrikerna Så till de inledningsvis omnämnda böckerna. De äldre, av » M å ~t slock e ns uppstickande samt dess nytta och bruk», »Pro­ Michael J arislaf von Boreks hand, är båda bundna i ti ds­ portwnalcirkelns uppstickande samt dess nytta och bruk», typiska, vackra band och av kvartoformat samt beröra till » St~cket~s uppdragande, visiterande och provskjutning samt sitt innehåll sjöartilleriet. De är dagtecknade Stralsund den 5 I~ ran gnmg med mera» och slutligen »Vad är en konstapels 10 januari resp. 6 februari 1787. Den förra kaJlas »F r~g~ ~or omål und~r ett skepps klargöring ifrån varvet». Härtill Bok Uti Siö Artilleriet», den senare »Constapels InstructJOil Otnmer - likaledes såsom hos Tornquist - ett bihang rö• Åhr 1772». ?nde Er_nsl- (d v s det för_ sjömilitärt bruk" avsed~la) Frågebok.en utgör uppenbarligen ett vid flottans dåvaran· :rv erk er~et sa1~1 t _lust!yrverkenet. On~- 1~1an om I o~~1qms l s 1 0 · de artilleriskola använt kompendium för de blivande arJ;: )J· '- tnpendnnn pa sm hd kunde karaidansera »redogorelser- mästarna, alltså lägsta underofficersgraden på området. ~~: 11 ~ lättfattliga och språket synnerligen enkelt och klart», så dan i början lJå 1690-talet hade de första åtgärderna "1c, ~ ~s t : 1~1an nog s~ga, att dessa omdömen l~napp~_st __hå~la tagits för att i Karlskrona - jämsides med inrätbmdet ~~ . l eck v1d etl stuehum av von Boreks opus, vllket for ovngt en styrmansskola - åvägabdnga ordnad teoretisk un<ler"15 sannolikt ulförts av denne i föräldrahemmet i Stralsund på 257 56 p et skulle fö ra för långt att här gii närmare in på detal­ vintern 1787 efter lyckligen avlagd a rkl im~i sta r exam c n . rna i de olika artiklarna. Må vara nog 0 1 sagt, alt man vid med stöd av i artillerisk olan förda anteckningar. H ans Pi~- 1 l~t studium. av denna instr u ktio~1 f~r mån~a intyes,:;ant~ upp­ tur är ingalunda dålig - det är helt naturligt den ä nnu ~'; e,511in gar eJ blott om hur det t1 llglck om bord 1 vara orlogs­ den tiden gängse tyska handstilen, som. han använder ~ i a }~r ty g på 1770-talct såväl under fredliga förhållanden som av - men med stavningen och med noggrann h eten vid re n~ 111 der strid, utan även om vad som då ansågs vara >>vcder­ skrivningen är det ofta si och så. (\'ad h ä r senast sagts gä]. :agen plägsed» på flottan sedan gammalt. Ej minst är de i ler i lika grad den nedan refererade konstapelsinstrnlZtio. ]larginalen invid varje artikel gjorda hänvisningarna till nen). I varje fall är den till vår a dagar bevarade »fråae. ~, ilk a olika tjänstereglementen, instruktioner eller skrivelser, boken» ett i ntressant minne från en av 111 flo ttans und :.- rvls. 50 a rtiklarnas avfattning stöder sig på, av synnerligt vär• ningsanstalter för snart 200 år sedan. de. De marginalanteckningar, som med påpekande av tidi- J{ons lapelsinstruklionen förefaller att vara en unik sa]· 6a re inträffade olyckshändelser eller ,gjorda misstag fram­ så till vida, att något annat exemplar av densamma ej s v ~ håller nödvändigheten av att man till undvikande av ett ncs vara i behåll. I varj e fall har författaren av d essa ra­ återupprepande noggrant följer vederbörande artikels be­ der ej lyck ats spåra upp något dylikt, vare sig bland den stämm elser, bör ha varit personalen till en god påminnelse stora samling av flottans »reglem.enten och instruktioner» och var ning. som numera ingå r i Krigsarkivet, ej h eller bln.nd fl o tt an~ Slulligen ett par ord om 1800-tals böckcma, i vilka Johan molsvarande hand! ingar i Riksarkivet eller i sådana offent­ August von Borck fört pennan. De är av mindre format än liga bibliotek , som. skulle k u nna förväntas. möjligen vara de ovan beskrivna och kan till utseendet närmast karaktä­ innehavare därav. riseras som anteckningsböcker. Den tidigast tillkomna utgör Instruktionen är indelad i 12 »artiklar». R ubrikernas lY­ en av von B. upplagd ml'l'a över örlog'sflotlans officerare delse må här åskådliggöra dels vilka krav, som .ställdes J;a och synes att döma av införda data vara påbörjad p å nyåret en dåtida artilleriunderofficer, d els dc skyldigh eter, som ålåg 1813, då han själv va r nyutnä mnd undedöjtn::mt.
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